Short Essay Guide Structure, Outline, Examples

Short Essay Guide: Structure,
Outline, Examples
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Short Essay Guide: Structure, Outline, Examples Short Essay Guide: Structure, Outline, Examples

Aretha Franklin s Amazing Grace
Amazing Grace, one of the most well known songs in the world, has been, and will continue to be,
performed in a vast variety of ways. Whether it is up tempo, balladic, or somewhere in between, this
song is much like the American National Anthem, in that every artist who approaches the piece wants
to incorporate their own signature style. Aretha Franklin and Judy Collins are two women who are not
deviant from that standard. Both of these women have produced classic renditions of the same piece,
but with wildly contrasting attributes.
Aretha Franklin, well known as a singer and figurehead for African American gospel, recorded
Amazing Grace with her own stylings and flair. However, this piece was not devoid of many key
characteristics of West African musical tradition. Ortiz Walton authored a piece of writing entitled,
Music Black, White, and Blue: A ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first of these is collective participation. Franklin s version of Amazing Grace is saturated with this
form of musical tradition. From the opening of the piece, there is a large sum of audience participation
with verbal exclamations, clapping, snapping, and humming. Several choir members are heard
shouting and clapping throughout the entirety of the song. In addition, there is a clear rooting with
improvisation and antiphony in between verses and choruses. This piece genuinely seemed to be
coming from the soul rather than a book. Franklin s performance is full of piano and vocal jazz and
blues scales that exist primarily in the minor key. Walton discusses African scales and the nuances
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Cloud Computing Has Turned Into An Extraordinary Answer...
I. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing has turned into an extraordinary answer for giving an
adaptable, on interest, and alterably versatile computing base for some applications. It alludes to
applications and services that run on a circulated system utilizing virtualized assets and got to by basic
web protocols and systems standards. Cloud computing likewise displays a huge innovation patterns
and a genuine ideal model transformation in the route in which frameworks are sent, and it is now
evident that it is reshaping data innovation forms and the IT commercial center. In addition, it can
possibly change an extensive piece of the IT business, making programming much more appealing as
an administration and molding the way IT equipment is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The effects of these dangers can go from information spillage to identity fraud. Information protection
and security, outside dangers, visitor to cloud dangers, other security issues are likewise getting to be
vital in Cloud Computing. As expanded measures of information are transmitted over the web and
pernicious conduct proceeds with, the assurance and safeguard of information inside the cloud will
dependably be display. Cloud computing depicts the utilization of a gathering of services,
applications, data, and framework. While distributed computing is extending quickly and utilized by
numerous people and associations globally, clients information is generally handled remotely in
obscure machines that clients don t possess or work. Consequently, clients apprehension of classified
information spillage and loss of security in the cloud turns into a noteworthy boundary to the wide
appropriation of cloud administrations. Data Loss/Leakage Prevention has been discovered to be one
of the compelling methods for averting Data Loss. In this paper, we will examine about cloud
computing data security issues, counting tile security of information transmission, storage, security
and administration of security. Concentrate on all inclusive data administration influence cloud
security examination, and called attention to that an achievement in the advancement of this cloud
computing, attempt to list the comparing

Brief Description Of The Organization
I. Brief description of the organization
When I first began my undergraduate degree, everyone always said to join and experience the many
organizations that my university offered. After adapting to the new adjustment of beginning college
and moving away from home, I decided to set out and explore in hopes of finding an organization that
was bigger than myself.
My freshman year of college I joined Sigma Sigma Sigma, one of the largest national sororities on
campus. Sigma Sigma Sigma was founded in 1898 in Farmville, Virginia and its Nationals
Headquarters is currently located in Woodstock, Virginia. Sigma Sigma Sigma s mission is to ensure a
perpetual bond of friendship, develop strong womanly character and promote high standards of ethical
conduct. While working together to enforce this mission for all of its members, each chapter must
uphold and follow the rules and regulations provided yearly by National Headquarters. This
organization also holds a great value for their foundation that was formed in 1992. This foundation,
which was soon named, Robbie Page Memorial (RPM), focuses specifically on supporting child play
therapy programs for hospitalized children.
II. Describe the change the organization went through
Soon after I was initiated into the organization, I was appointed as the organizations secretary. I served
in this position for my freshman and sophomore year; at the end of my sophomore year I was elected
as president. As I began my term as president, I

The Effects Of Deferred Imitation During The Sensorimotor...
Imitation and observational learning are important in aiding the attainment and portrayal of new
behaviours, beginning as early as infancy (Meltzoff, 1993, p. 467). Deferred imitation and mental
representations were concepts by developmental psychologist Jean Piaget in his theory of infant
cognitive development. Deferred imitation refers to a child s ability to imitate the actions that they
have seen others perform, following a delay, (Slater, Lewis, Anzures Lee, 2011). Piaget proposed that
the emergence of deferred imitation during the sensorimotor period, is a sign of mental representation,
(Jones Herbert, 2009, para. 14). His proposal of the formation of this ability has been accredited by
several studies that document the presence of deferred imitation in infants from as early as birth to 24
months of age and beyond (Barr, Dowden, Hayne, 1996; Heimann Meltzoff, 1996). A study by
Heimann and Schaller (1985) used infants between 14 21 days old, (p.33). The mother was told to
either protrude her tongue or open her mouth while the infant was engaged and observing during the
exposure sessions, (p. 33). Two observers scored each infant on the number of times they opened their
mouth or protruded their tongue, depending on the groups they were assigned to within the 60 second
response period, (p.33). The results showed that the total number of tongue protrusions or mouth
openings were highest when the behaviours were modelled to the infant, (p. 36). To reproduce the

The Impact Of The Age Of Reason
The year 1789 represents a new page in history of France, and the era of radical changes in the whole
Europe. It is a year of overthrow of the old regime of absolutist monarchy and the emergence of the
Enlightenment movement that spread over the continent. Besides that, it is essential to know what
France represented of itself in order to understand why the idea of the Enlightenment had so much
impact on French history and the contemporary political thought in general. In the eighteenth century,
France was the most developed, forceful and populous country in the Europe. French was the
language of the aristocracy; moreover, French culture was gloated by everyone. The French society,
likewise almost the whole European society, was rural, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
John Locke also stated that by providing a high quality education, it is, actually, possible to build a
better society because the human nature is essentially good. In the Second Treatise of Civil
Government (1960), John Locke wrote that a human has incontestable rights to life, freedom and
ownership that are given by birth, damaging by this the authority of the divine right. His ideas of
separation of the church and the state, and the social contract were fundamental for the French history,
being a hitch for the French Revolution. Later his ideas even were found in the French Declaration of
the Rights of Man and the U.S. Declaration of

Theodore Roethke s Poetry Analysis
Analysis of Theodore Roethke s Poetry Around the globe, there are a couple of authors who have been
put into the limelight by the quality of their work. Authors of books and poems play a vital role in
educating the community through communicating certain issues through writing. This paper focuses
on discussing and analyzing Theodore Roethke, one of the poets who have been recognized all over
the world and whose work has been read by many people from all over the world. The paper tries to
analyze some of the works that have been written by this author and discussion of some of the
techniques that he uses to ensure that he can pass his message in the most successful way. Theodore
Roethke, was a famous poet who has written acceptable and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The title The Waking is articulate as it effectively expresses the content compose in the poem as it
symbolizes the clarification and self discovery. It is a villanelle; consisting nineteen lines, consists of
five targets with a quatrain and has two rhymes from the beginning to the end. The first and the third
line of the targets recur alternately at the end of other targets, and they are repeated at the close of the
ending quatrain. In this poem, Roethke uses a leaf as the speaker. There can raise various questions on
why the author came up with a conclusion of using a leaf to speak in the poem. It can be because the
leaf is a universal thing, simple and observes many things that happen in life. The poem is about
intelligence at the self level, and the author has used various mediums to bring out a message in each
stanza differently (Gale page 12). To start with, the first stanza, the author keeps it clear that in life one
has to acquire knowledge and be shaped by the experience. In reality, every person falls asleep at
some time of the day and wakes up. Furthermore, it is a fact that everyone was born and the end of
existing in the world will be dead. In this case, the act of birth and life can be referred as the waking,
and death shows the sleep. Theodore Roethke puts it clearly that it is a must for one to change in a
lifetime and this is illustrated by the words waking slow from the first line of stanza one. He takes

Heroic Definition
The English dictionary defines a hero as a person, typically a man, who is admired for his courage,
outstanding achievements, or noble qualities. In most forms of literature from ancient times to the
modern day era, the heroic character in a story has often been portrayed as a male possessing qualities
such as courage, strength, and determination. In most heroic stories the female victim is typically
delicate, naive, and defenseless. What she lacks in strength she makes up for in kindness. Some people
would look at an athlete or a performing artist and say oh that s my hero but they fail to meet my
definition of a hero. My definition of a hero is someone ordinary who does something extraordinary
not necessarily for themselves but to help

Fasb s New Revenue Recognition Guidelines
My topic is FASB s new revenue recognition guidelines. Revenue could not be recognized under the
old model unless the seller had substantially met the terms of the agreement, the seller had delivered
the goods or performed a substantial part of the service, the risks and rewards of ownership had passed
to buyer, Revenue is the largest item in financial statements, and issues involving revenue recognition
are among the most important and difficult that standard setters and accountants face. Revenue
recognition requirements in U.S. GAAP are different from those in IFRSs and both are considered in
need of improvement. U.S. GAAP comprises broad revenue recognition concepts and numerous
industry or transaction specific requirements that can result in different accounting for economically
similar transactions. Although, IFRSs contain less guidance on revenue recognition, its two main
standards IAS 18 Revenue and IAS 11 Construction Contracts can be difficult to understand and apply
beyond simple transactions. Also, they lack guidance on important topics such as revenue recognition
for multiple element arrangements. Reporting inconsistencies in this accounting area arise because
there are no comprehensive accounting standards covering revenue recognition. Several authoritative
accounting pronouncements have addressed detailed, industry specific revenue recognition issues
which caused practitioners to use standards in situations for which they were not intended. As a result,
in

The Development of War Poetry Throughout Ww1
The development of war poetry throughout WW1 was influenced by many different incidents. Many
of the soldiers developed friendships with each other based on the amount of time they spent together
in the trenches. One of the reasons soldiers developed such strong comradeships that lasted even after
the war, was due to the amount of horror and bloodshed they had witnessed together, furthermore the
shared experience of suffering and hardship led to strong companionship and their experiences
affected what they wrote about in their poems. Many of the men wrote poetry as a mean of expressing
their despair as their situation and possible fate. In order to express my view over this I will be
comparing and contrasting three different poems by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sassoon also uses Repetition for the line does it matter? and he follows it with ellipses to add the
effect of silence and let the reader about it. Does it matter? losing your sight?..
All a poet can do today is warn which is why true poets must always be truthful; Sassoon told
everyone that the war is not what they think it is.
All three poems have different meanings and all had a different view over war but one thing they share
is they all know how brutal war is and what effects it has on the soldiers. At the start of the war
everyone was eager and enthusiastic but when the war actually started no one gave the soldiers the
credit, there is the patriotic poem by Brooke which keeps repeating England and how it is great to give
up your life for England as she has given you health and prosperity. However the more somber poem
by Owen, which shows us the real truth about the war as he personally, fought in the trenches with his
friends and he had seen them die. He would have the horrific true perspective of the war. The
Language he uses is so powerful and is also philosophical and full of wonder like futility, Siegfried
Sassoon s poem is also a very honest poem, he tells the truth but he justifies that they are fighting for
their country and

Leaving The Purple Land Essay
Leaving the Purple Land In Earnest Hemingway s The Sun Also Rises, we gain a glimpse into the
development of Jacob Barnes, an injured veteran of the First World War. This veteran does not seem to
have lost any of his perseverance despite his laughable injury to his penis though, as a love inspired
Jake pursues a deeper relationship Brett throughout his time in Paris and Spain. Nonetheless, Jake
never gains the relationship with Brett for which he searches, solely due to his injury. Although some
may perceive the final lines of this exemplary novel, Isn t it pretty to think so? , as an allusion to Jake
s inability to give up on his pursuit of Brett as a lover and sexual partner, he has rather finally
recognized that Brett is unobtainable to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Of course, the reason that Brett will not romance Jake is due to his lack of penile function, as she
seems compatible with him on the basis that he always supports her decisions, and comes to her aid
whenever she calls for it, while never appearing to object to her methods of personal expression.
These facts are all shown when Brett requests Jake s presence in Madrid following the festivities at
San Fermin. Jake comes to her aid within a day of her request s issue and listens to Brett speak of the
circumstances that drove her to leave Pedro Romero. After Brett says, He wanted to make sure I could
never go away from him. After I d gotten more womanly, of course , Jake supports and validates Brett
s thoughts on the matter through his statement, You ought to feel set up (246). Even after his efforts to
comfort Lady Ashley, Jake s reward is strok[ing] her hair and the statement from Brett, I m going back
to Mike (247). By the end of the novel, Jake feels that a relationship between himself and Brett, if
such a thing had been possible, would have been unlikely to end differently than any of her other
failed relationships (Spark

Meaning of Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven Essay
Edgar Allan Poe s The Raven employs a raven itself as a symbol of the torture, mainly the self
inflicted torture, of the narrator over his lost love, Lenore.
The raven, it can be argued, is possibly a figment of the imagination of the narrator, obviously
distraught over the death of Lenore. The narrator claims in the first stanza that he is weak and weary
(731). He is almost napping as he hears the rapping at the door, which could quite possibly make the
sound something he heard in a near dream like state, not an actual sound.
He is terrified of being alone in the chamber he is in when the poem takes place. The sad, uncertain
rustling of each purple curtain thrilled me filled me with fantastic terrors never felt before ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The raven also symbolizes the torture the narrator has inflicted upon himself due to the death of
Lenore, a rare and radiant maiden?nameless here forever more (731). The raven s refusal to answer
any question asked of him with an answer other than nevermore only tortures the narrator even more.
The narrator is as much saddened by the arrival of the raven, as he is disturbed. He says, on the
morrow he will leave me, as my hopes have flown before (732). He is still recovering from the
sadness of the loss of Lenore and in this raven he may find comfort for a while, but the raven will only
be gone in the morning, just like everything else.
The narrator can anticipate the answers of the raven, knowing that the only word it speaks is
nevermore , and tortures himself even more by asking certain questions to which the answer
nevermore would devastate him. He asks if there is balm in Gilead. He even goes so far as to ask the
raven if Lenore is in Paradise within the distant Aidenn, it shall clasp a sainted maiden whom the
angels name Lenore (733). The answer nevermore sends the narrator into a rage. He calls the raven a
prophet , but cannot place if it is a prophet of evil or of good.
The narrator mentions that the raven lands on a bust of Pallas Pallas Athena who, according to Roman
and Greek myth, was the goddess of wisdom. The narrator can consider that a Freudian slip of sorts;
that the raven speaks the truth because it

6 Scientific Methods
During my reading of the scientific method and how they are essential to invention and innovation. I
found six methods to scientific. Each method has a purpose to assure that you are giving the
experiment a fair test. The first method is to Make an Observation one should take notice by watching
or identify. The second method is to Ask a Question by doing this you can find out the WH questions
words. Those are the how, what, when, who, which, why, or where? For the third method is to form A
Hypothesis to assume a basis for an argument. Then for step four is to Performing Experiment this is
to test to see if your hypothesis is supported or not. As you move on to the fifth step Evaluating the
Results at this point you will determine if your argument is being supported or not. As the sixth step
that will bring you to completion, you will have to Determining a Conclusion you will have the
opportunity to express you re finding from the experiment to others.
Pseudoscience is known as the false science or a collection of beliefs or practices mistakenly regarded
as being based on scientific method. Due to that pseudoscience follows practices like spirit world,
ESP, mind reading, and aliens. Which they cannot be copy or repeat successfully. And the science
states that for it to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was born in rural Lochfield, in East Ayrshire on August 6, 1881. His parents Hugh and Grace, who
were farmers, Alexander was one of four children. There were also four half sibling that was from his
father first marriage. The year of 1895 Alexander decided to move to London where he lived with his
older brother Thomas Fleming. While Alexander finished his primary education at the Regent Street
Polytechnic now known as the University of Westminster. Fleming was a member of the Territorial
Army in which he served from 1900 to 1914 in the London Scottish

Embolism In Hospital Setting
It is not uncommon for death to occur in an unusual way in a hospital setting. One such occurrence is
frequently identified as a pulmonary embolism. The patient comes in with an initial diagnosis of lung
cancer with metastasis to the liver. She is expected to live for a few more days. To show compassion,
the nurse decides to give her a bath, change her linens, and help her become more comfortable. After
providing her with care, the patient has one more request, to get a leg massage. Oblivious to any
complications, the nurse proceeds to give the patient a good leg rub. Minutes later, the patient is found
unresponsive on the floor. The patient suffers from a venous thromboembolism in one of her legs, that
when massaged, travels all the way up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Anti embolic stockings work by exerting graded circumferential pressure from distal to proximal
regions of the leg conforming to a Sigel pressure profile. These increase blood velocity, promote
venous return, and have shown to be effective (Barker, 2011). Intermittent pneumatic compression
periodically compresses the calf and thigh muscles, mimicking the muscle pump created by walking,
promoting fibrinolysis, and have shown to also be effective (Barker, 2011). Foot impulse devices
increase venous outflow and reduce stasis in immobilized patients. They also mimic walking by
compressing the plantar venous plexus, and they are effective after orthopedic surgery in reducing
asymptomatic DVT (Baker, 2011). Mechanical methods will most likely be used in patients at high
risk for bleeding. Physiotherapy and nursing has also been a method used by staff in increasing the
prevention of VTE. Risks can potentially be mediated by mechanical calf and foot venous
compression, bed exercise, active or passive, and early mobilization, and by hydration (Barker,

Essay On The Woman Warrior
A typical warrior is a medieval knight in shining armor fighting for his life and homeland. Today, the
definition of what it means to be a warrior has become ambiguous. Often times, we view those willing
to sacrifice their lives for others soldiers, police officers, or firefighters as warriors. Even expanded in
this way, the warrior still has a connotation of physical bravery, masculine strength, and unhindered
confidence. However, the word warrior can have an entirely new meaning when we use it in a literary
context. It can be defined as a person who is simply fighting for convictions and values that are
morally and ethically right. As associated with women, some real, some legendary, some with evident
power, some seeming to be weak. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This story ignited this internal conflict that began within Maxine. She began contemplating this
balance between the strict Chinese tradition, and its relation to her American values. Nonetheless, a
key theme that emerges is acknowledging the power that Maxine s mother held as the storyteller. Her
interpretation of the events characterized Maxine s aunt as a repulsive person. Maxine was NOT [to]
tell anyone because it risked bringing exposure and shame to the family (1). After hearing the events
through her mother s perspective, Maxine understood that her mother controlled the way events
unraveled. This realization showcases how Maxine was able to think outside the framework her
mother was providing for her. Maxine imagined that in order to sustain being in love, [her aunt] often
worked at herself in the mirror (6). Her innocence and ability to recognize what her mother was trying
to invoke fear in her actually directed Maxine to think in a contradictory way. As a result of this
evolved critical thinking, Maxine never once characterized her dead aunt as a humiliation. From her
narrative, Maxine overlooked her actions and commended her resilience. Although directly not stated
within the text, Maxine expanded the definition of what it meant to be a warrior and gave this insight
that her aunt can be characterized

How Does Chopin Present The Change In A Pair Of Silk...
A Pair of Silk Stockings by Kate Chopin is a short story about a lady named Mrs. Sommers who find
some money and doesn t know what to spend it on. Mrs. Sommers is a mother and always looks out
for her kids making it hard to look after herself. Since she has this money she decides to go to the city
to shop for herself for once but when she starts to spend it, she doesn t know how to stop. In the short
story A Pair of Silk Stockings Kate Chopin uses indirect characterization to demonstrate the change in
Mrs. Sommers character.
Mrs. Sommers is a responsible lady who cares so much for her family that she doesn t have time to
care for herself and well being. Mrs. Sommer has no time no seconds of time to devote to the past.
The need of the present absorbed her every faculty (1). Mrs. Sommers gets caught up in her kids live
and is so focused on making sure that their happy that she just forgets about herself. She sometimes
forgets to eat any breakfast or lunch because she is running around to involved in other things. She can
t think about how this will affect them in the future or thing about the past she is always in the
moment and only in the moment. Mrs.Sommers is very positive and alway want the best for everyone.
Mrs. Sommers knew the value of bargains; who could stand for hours making her way inch by inch
toward the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Mrs sommers get this money and finally spends it on herself and not for her children and now that she
know how it feels to be important and rich she doesn t want to just get in the cable car and leave it all
behind. Mrs. Sommers tries her hardest to be a responsible mother but when give this money she turns
into someone she never thought she would be and now that she s has some power and ins caring for
herself,not just her kid. She doesn t want to go and leave in because then it will all just end and she
doesn t know when she will feel like this

Rain Man Description
Rain Man
(Drama) (1988)
1999 by Raymond Weschler
Major Characters
Charlie Babbitt....................Tom Cruise A young Los Angeles businessman who sells expensive sports
cars.
Raymond Babbitt................Dustin Hoffman A high level autistic man who lives in a home for the
mentally disabled in Ohio (Some words on autism follow the plot summary).
Susanna................................Valeria Golino Charlie s Italian girlfriend.
Dr. Bruner.............................Jerry Molen The administrator who is responsible for taking care of
Raymond at the Ohio home where he lives.
Plot Summary
Charlie is a young and struggling Los Angeles businessman who sells expensive cars for a living. One
day he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Charlie desperately tries to close a key business deal, and then learns of the death of his

Achieving Higher Heights Marketing Team Goal
The Executive Summary:
Achieving Higher Heights Marketing Team goal is to expound Adidas status within the footwear
apparel industry and also introduce them to new markets. We will achieve this by broadening our
social media area, and balancing out with sales promotion and publicity.
Adidas is a German based multinational organization that specializes in the production of a wide
variety of sports clothing and accessories. Adidas target market will range from adolescents to college
students (male/female 10 30), and additionally sports trainers, athletic directors, and even older
audiences (50+) who still enjoy exercise as well as appreciate something comfortable on their feet.
AHH will increase their sales by targeting all of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Our Marketing Partners include:
Tyesha Williams is an executive rep for the firm (AHH) Achieving Higher Heights. It has now been 7
yrs. since she started working with this amazing firm. In her own words, I was fortunate to help put
together a team of talented experienced reps to create such an establishing firm! I have 5 yrs. of prior
experience working with other big name brands such as timberland. AHH just signed a 3 yr. contract
with Adidas in hopes to increase their revenue!
Darian Hayes was a sales representative in the footwear/apparel industry for 9 years. In the past he s
worked for very notable brands such as Steve Madden, Supra, and Converse. In his own words, One
of my greatest achievements is helping establish Achieving Higher Heights marketing firm with my 5
talented colleagues. I m proud to say that AHH is now 7 years strong. Mr. Hayes has a strong
background in Mass communications and focuses on dealing with customer satisfaction as well as
building strong client partnerships.
Renard Rowe is a marketing rep for Achieving Higher Heights marking firm. He started about 6 years
ago with this firm after working as a media specialist for the Atlantic Coast Conference. His position
made me him an expert on photography and visual aspects. His experiences provide great insight and
feedback for digital and visual marketing.
Leon Clarke is the social media marketing director and he s been with AHH for 7 years.

Essay On Genre Analysis
How I approached writing my Genre Analysis:
I approached my genre writing based on Writing in the Health Sciences guidelines for research papers.
Since my chosen paper was a research paper, I looked for the sections in a research paper that
included the abstract, introduction, materials and methods, results, discussion, and references. This
helped me decide what needed to be in each section so I could elaborate on if it was included or was
not.
How I found my sources:
I started out by going through articles on google scholar and found the one that made me most
interested. I have known people that have smoked during pregnancy and what happened to their child
so I wanted to see if children could potentially have asthma from their mom smoking. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Here I also stated if my paper had that convention and if they had any variation in a research paper
regarding to Writing in the Health Sciences. This helped me write my paper because we were to
describe each convention in our genre analysis so it gave me a start. It also helped me analyze the
effectiveness of the genre which was step 4 in our paper. Here in step 4 I think was my most difficult
part in the paper because after gaining your input on that you should not say I believe I understand
why it sounds more confident. I will now write my ideas as such, but then when proofreading go back
and delete it because it sounds better stating why x causes y.
What went well in my Genre Analysis:
After receiving your comment on my genre analysis paper, I noticed that I did have a lot of
information in my paper. I went over the minimum word count because I felt that it was necessary
because I wanted to incorporate the information from the study into my paper. What also went well in
my paper was that I appropriately cited information in APA, which included in text citations and
references. If I did these wrong, I wish you could tell me since from my understanding I did them right
and want to do well on the test paper.
What did not go well in my Genre

Rap Music Thesis
Rap music is art, just as any other genre of music is. It talks about back roads and mothers just as
country music does. Its sounds can be as soothing and calming as any jazz or lounge music. It can be
loud and just as angry as any heavy metal or rock and roll. With DJ s and MC s it can be just as
technotic as any form of dubstep. In short, rap music can take on all genres that humanity has
managed to conjure up in the past few centuries. It can talk of anything going on in society today with
topics such as gay rights or racism between the black communities. Rap is a form of expression and
release and in today s society rap music is being pushed down for simply telling and showing the
world the way it really is growing up with a hard life. Many rappers such as Ice Cube, Dr Dre, and
even Eminem are being downgraded, all for telling their stories and showing the truth to the world.
When you go someplace and order a coffee, you ll ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But even without the albums hit song F*** tha Police Straight Outta Compton still drew attention
because of their language and style. Another song titled Parental Discretion Iz Advised hit the PMRC
directly with Dr. Dre rapping I don t give a f*** about radio play. According to Terry McDermott from
The Los Angeles Times, F*** tha Police almost didn t make it on the record He wrote in a April 14th
edition of the paper, When Cube first showed the lyrics to Dre, he passed. What else you got? Dre
asked. It was only after Dre and Eazy were caught shooting paintballs at people at Torrance bus stops
that Dre changed his mind about the song. Reading this most adults would be frightened to hear that
their children have discovered a taste for rap music. But should parents really be

The Effects Of The Seebeck Effect
Introduction
1.1 Seebeck Effect
When two ends of a conductor are held at different temperatures electrons at
the hot junction at higher thermal velocities diffuse to the cold junction. Seebeck
discovered that making one end of a metal bar hotter or colder than the other produced
an EMF between the two ends. He experimented with junctions (simple mechanical
connections) made between different conducting materials. He found that if he created
a temperature difference between two electrically connected junctions (e.g., heating
one of the junctions and cooling the other) the wire connecting the two junctions
would cause a compass needle to deflect. He thought that he had discovered a way to
transform thermal energy into a magnetic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
➢ TH and TC are the hot and cold thermocouple temperatures, respectively, in ok.
The reverse of the Seebeck effect is also possible: by passing a current through two
junctions, you can create a temperature difference. This process was discovered in
1834 by scientist named Peltier, and thus it is called the Peltier effect. This may sound
similar to Joule heating described above, but in fact it is not. In Joule heating the
current is only increasing the temperature in the material in which it flows. In Peltier
effect devices, a temperature difference is created: one junction becomes cooler and
one junction becomes hotter. Although Peltier coolers are not as efficient as some
other types of cooling devices, they are accurate, easy to control, and easy to adjust.

Peltier effect devices are used coolers for microelectronic devices such as
microcontrollers and computer CPU. Peltier found there was an opposite phenomenon
to the Seebeck Effect, whereby thermal energy could be absorbed at one dissimilar
metal junction and discharged at the other junction when an electric current flowed
within the closed circuit. the thermocouple circuit is modified to obtain a

Themes Of School Of Hate
School of Hate written by Sabrina Rubin Erdely, has some themes including Homosexuality in
schools, bullying, and general institutional intolerance. The results of the bullying and intolerable state
of the school are among the issues that helped identify the theme of the article. According to the
article, Samantha Johnson a thirteen year old child committed suicide due to bullying in schools.
Homosexuality among the teenage is also a theme of the article. The author talked about the gay
students feeling unsafe since they were being bullied and felt ashamed, at some point parents were
paranoid to send their gay children to school because they would be bullied.
The theme of the article Atonement by Dexter Filkins was torment and general war aftermath.

Using Flow Control Increase The Convergence Time
By using Flow Control to decrease the Convergence Time in UPPM
M.ASHOK KUMAR1 E.S.PHALGUNA KRISHNA2 1. PG STUDENT, DEPARTMENT OF CSE,
SREE VIDYANIKETHAN ENGINEERING COLLEGE
2. ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF CSE, SREE VIDYANIKETHAN
ENGINEERING COLLEGE Abstract:
In this paper, we focus the Flow Control for traceback that will minimize the amount of packets
required for build up the attack path. Flow control based mechanism merged with Uniform
Probabilistic Packet Marking (UPPM), the stream of packets can be controlled that suggests the
amount of packets checked by UPPM will get reduce there by decreasing the convergence time. Then
again, this strategy should bring about full traceback on an attacker. Keywords:
Ip traceback, Network Security, Packet Marking, Autonomous System, Convergence Time
Introduction
IP traceback suggests the capacity of perceiving the genuine wellspring of any packet sent over the
Internet. By virtue of the shortcoming of the first blueprint of the Internet, we will be not able to find
the genuine developers at present. To be completely frank, IP traceback arrangements are seen as
productive if they can perceive the zombies from which the DDoS attack packets entered the Internet.
Various techniques to tracebak the start of the attack including link testing, controlled flooding, ICMP
traceback and different packet marking methodologies. Packet marking techniques are used as a piece
of this paper. Packet marking means

The Recession Of The Housing Crisis
Several years ago, many of us could not imagine mortgage meltdown ending. It seemed as if the
foreclosures/short sales were increasing and the American dream of buying a home was decreasing.
Many people felt hopeless and cheated when it came to the economy s poor status due to the housing
crash. Many lessons were learned from the collapse and although it may seem hard to believe, there
were silver linings in the mistakes made during the mortgage meltdown. Today, real estate buyers are
benefiting from the past mistakes and have more confidence in their home buying purchases. The bad
times endured came with a slew of lessons that were learned. Now that the economy has recovered
fairly well, we can look back and analyze in depth what ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If you are financed for a higher dollar amount than expected, do not automatically increase your new
home price search on this number. Learn from homebuyers during the market boom those who were
financed for a higher amount than they could financially keep up with. Learn about interest rates and
adjustable mortgages. Learn about taxes and homeowner s insurance. Learn what you can truly afford
and all of the costs that go into having a home not just the principal mortgage payment. The third
lesson stems from the second lesson in regards to interest rates. Personally, I have never heard of
adjustable interest rates until the housing boom. I heard people gasping over their new monthly
mortgage payment that quadrupled once their first year or so of payments were up. Learn what fixed
rate mortgages are and what adjustable rate mortgages are. Adjustable rate mortgages appealed to
those who wanted the lowest possible interest rates and expected to be able to either sell their homes
or refinance them before their payments ballooned. Once their expectations didn t pan out, they were
stuck with an outrageously high interest rate. Do not blindly sign a 30 year contract; understand your
payments and agreements you have with your lender and expect to stick with it long term. If it is too
good to be true, it probably is. The fourth lesson is to do

Dr. Sigmund Freud In Adlous Huxley s Brave New World
Adlous Huxley s novel, Brave New World, builds upon the ideas that were dominant and fresh in the
early part of the twentieth century. One such idea was Psychoanalysis, propagated by Dr. Sigmund
Freud. Though a psychoanalytical interpretation can be applied to any novel after the fact, I believe
Huxley used elements of the approach in the creation of his characters and plot. In this novel Huxley
presents a dystopic society in which various scientific and psychological techniques are used to
control people from their conception to their death.
Freud divided the personality into the id, ego and super ego. The id is home to animal urges, such as
hunger or sexual desire. In babies the first facet of personality to develop is the id, they demand ...
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(102) In our society, Freud would say a person who behaves in this way has a fixation; their
psychological functioning has been stunted. However, in Bernard s society this would constitute as
normal functioning. The New World government conditions people to have extremely powerful super
egos that actually encourage, rather than inhibit, instant gratification of id impulses. As a result the ego
is diminished and people do not have to cope with conflicting emotions. This seems to create stability
in society, or at least passivity. The Director understands that this type of psychological conditioning
in the individual is essential to the functioning of society as a whole. Alphas are so conditioned that
they do not have to be infantile their emotional behaviour... It is their duty to be infantile, even against
their inclination. (106)
Since the general population of the Brave New world do not have families, they cannot reach
psychological maturity. Controller Mond subscribes to the view that families cause madness and
suicide (52) which was introduced by the Ford.
Our Ford our Freud, as, for some inscrutable reason, he chose to call himself whenever he spoke of
psychological matters Our Freud had been the first to reveal the appalling dangers of family life.

Analyzing the Success of Quentin Tarantino s Films
Quentin Tarantino s films have helped to redefine cinema. His postmodern approach, creative writing,
and extensive knowledge of films and music have helped Tarantino to develop a unique style that has
allowed him to stand out among his peers. In Pulp Fiction (1994), Tarantino establishes several
directorial trademarks that would come to be used in his later works and can clearly be seen
throughout the film. Furthermore, Tarantino s use of mise en scene helps to strengthen and establish
mood and setting. Tarantino not only directed Pulp Fiction (1994), but he also co wrote the screenplay
and played a role within the film. During the course of a film s production, a director is charged with
guiding the actors in performance, determines the staging of the action, supervises all aspects of
shooting, and works with the producer, writer, and designer before production and with the film and
sound editors after production to ensure consistency and excellence of the movie as well as the best
possible use of personnel, materials, and resources provided by the producer (Mast Kawin, 2003, p.
681). Tarantino s hands on approach in making his films ensure that he is involved in many, if not all,
aspects of the production of his films. There are also many others that contribute to the creation and
production of a film including an art director and production designer. An art director can be defined
as a person who designs a movie s sets and dÃ cor (Mast Kawin, 2003, p. 678).

Politics In Allen Guelzo s House Divided
The first of the two sources to be examined here is Allen Guelzo s House Divided: Lincoln, Douglas,
and the Political Landscape of 1858. This source took a more technical examination of not just the
speeches and overall influence of Lincoln during this time, but also on where politics stood around the
middle of the nineteenth century. To begin with, this source took a more critical examination at the
Lincoln Douglas race from the perspective of the complex political situation that was inherent during
this time. That is to say, the campaigns that were waged were not merely about how viable each
candidate was for office, but rather the philosophical differences between these individuals and many
others, according to the source. This means that the source was able to take a closer look at why
Abraham Lincoln, as well as Douglas, actually believed what they did. This retrospective aspect of the
source allowed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There was a great deal of emotion inherent within politics and this oftentimes boiled over during
senate hearings and other events. This is one element of politics that is effectively demonstrated by the
source here because it is able to utilize quotes and tie these quotes to some of the most important
singular elements of character within these individuals. In the process, the author is able to create
something of a profile within each of these major historical figures, and this is important because it
allows each of these figures to represent a different priority or concept within politics in general. As
such, there are a number of clashing ideals within politics that are effectively mentioned in this source,
although, it should be noted, the source is comparatively shorter and as a result, many of these
philosophies and concepts simply are not given the attention they

Manhattan Project Effects
On August 6th, 1945 sixty thousand people instantly disintegrated within a five mile radius blast that
erupted over Hiroshima, Japan. Three days later an even stronger blast was felt over the Japanese city
of Nagasaki. Though thousands died, the technologic improvement from the original bomb did not go
unnoticed. Both Little boy and Fat man were successful in collapsing the Japanese will to fight and on
August 15th Japan surrendered to the United States. Without the introduction of the atomic bomb, no
one can say for sure how long the war would have raged on for. As noted in the Battle of Midway the
shortage of experienced pilots hindered Japan but advanced their tactics as well. Rather than training
proficient pilots, the Japanese took a kamikaze approach to aerial combat and rammed fighter planes
into the sides of US ships. At this point, the Japanese were literally willing to die for their country
even if it meant complete suicide. The success of the Manhattan Project did ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Yet, with changing times, technology also changes and becomes more sophisticated. Along with the
implementations that come in regards to atomic energy, the atom bomb has also been revamped. In
1961the Soviets detonated a hydrogen bomb with a destructive power of fifty megatons. In a span of
just over 15 years the power of the original atomic bomb that took out Hiroshima had been outdone,
three thousand fold. Currently, the United States and other world powers have Intercontinental
Ballistic Missiles (ICBM s) in their possessions. The difference between a standard atom bomb and an
ICBM is that the latter is designed to travel much farther distances with its own navigation
mechanism. By the 1970 s it was possible to load two warheads on an ICBM and designate each one a
specific target. It is imperative that the destructive power of these weapons be managed accordingly
and with the utmost

Acid Base Imbalances Essay
Acid base imbalances that overcome the buffer system can be compensated in the short term by
changing the rate of ventilation. This alters the concentration of carbon dioxide in the blood, shifting
the above reaction according to Le Chatelier s principle, which in turn alters the pH. For instance, if
the blood pH drops too low (acidemia), the body will compensate by increasing breathing thereby
expelling CO2, and shifting the above reaction to the left such that fewer hydrogen ions are free; thus
the pH will rise back to normal. For alkalemia, the opposite occurs.
The kidneys are slower to compensate, but renal physiology has several powerful mechanisms to
control pH by the excretion of excess acid or base. In response to acidosis, tubular ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In responses to alkalosis, the kidney may excrete more bicarbonate by decreasing hydrogen ion
secretion from the tubular epithelial cells, and lowering rates of glutamine metabolism and ammonium
excretion.
the Henderson hasselbach equation the realationship between H2CO3 and HCO3 The normal blood
pH is between 7,35 and 7,45. The Largest source of H+ ions is production of CO2 (and bicarbonate)
Imbalances in production and excretion of CO2 alter pH Meat produces net acid, plants net base,
overall net acid; the kidneys manage net changes Balance between metabolic and respiratory
mechanisms
Role of respiration in Acid Balance
pH depends on PCO2 (respiration) and HCO3 (metabolism/kidneys) Respiratory acidosis: PCO2 rises
and pH drops Metabolic acidosis: loss of HCO3 and pH drops Changes in respiration can change
PCO2 and thus pH levels in the blood Charge balance is necessary: e.g. drop in Cl leads to drop in
HCO3 and acidosis pH = 6.1 + log [HCO! 3 ] ↵PCO2 Acid Base Balance Bioengineering 6000 CV
Physiology Blood Buffers Best buffers are those with pK = pH The CO2/HCO3 system is not a major
chemical buffer (pK is too low) but it is the largest functional buffer because of regulation of HCO3 in
the kidneys Proteins (hemoglobin) and phosphates are the real chemical buffers To change blood pH
from 7.4 to 7.0 requires 28 mM H+ 18 mM by conversion HCO3 to CO2 8 mM by hemoglobin 2 mM
by blood proteins and phosphates To achieve the same pH change in aqueous solution requires 60 nM

Indwelling Catheter
This study focuses on whether the use of reminders assists in decreasing the use of urinary cathethers
and the occuruence of catheter associated urinary infections. UTI risk increases by 5 percent with the
use of indwelling catheters. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has recommended
that patients receive catheters if indicated but over 41% of physicians have ignored this and nursing
staff have ignored evaluating when the catheter should be removed. Besides noncompliance with the
CDC, this study shows for patients who have catheters, the reminder system will help to decrease the
length of indwelling cathethers are potential UTI infection associated with it. In previous studies, their
has been different views as to whether ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A stoma is an artificially creted hole in the abdomen that allows for the passage of stool and urine to
exit the body. Self care is vital when one has a stoma. Perisotomal self care is very important and has
been one of the main issues ostomates have experienced. The main characterisits seen with peristomal
site complications are discoloration, erosian, and tissue overgrowth. Previous studies, to determine
skin problems, with the use of SPSC have not been done. The hypothesis of this randomized
controlled study is that those who use SPSC will have a lower percentage of periostmal skin problems
(discolartion, erosion, and tissue overgrowth) than the CT group. To test out this study, 81 elgible
patients were chosen. Some of the Elibiity requirements included those who were undergoing a
colostomy or ilostomy, were 20 18 years of age, and understood why the study was being done. These
particpants were chosen from a single tertiary hospital. The 81 participants were split into two groups,
the SPSC (45 patients) and CT group (36 patients). Wound Ostomy Care Nurses educated the each
group on how they would care for their ostomies. Those with Standarised Peristomal Skin Care
(SPSC) use direct pouching on skin with powder if needed. Those with the crusting technique use an
artificial skin memberane over

Criteria-Based Regulation Summary
Journal Four The next article focused on a criteria based reminder to help decrease the duration of
catheterization and increase proper catheter care, causing a decrease in CAUTIs (Chen et al., 2013).
The criteria based reminder was used to remind the nurse to check if the catheter could be removed
and also reminds them the catheter needed to be properly cleaned. The research method was a
randomized control trial (Chen et al., 2013). The sample of this study was from two respiratory ICUs
in a medical center in Taiwan. The study involved 231 patients who had catheters inserted in the ICUs
and 130 patients who had catheters inserted on other units (Chen et al., 2013). Data was collected by
having urine specimens taken from urinary catheter patients on the unit, they then tested for urinary
tract infections (Chen et al., 2013). Two groups of catheter patients were tested, one with the criteria
based reminder implemented and one without (Chen et al., 2013). The study showed that the criteria
based reminder group had a 21.8% incidence of UTIs, and the group without the reminder had a
32.8% incidence of UTIs (Chen et al., 2013). The study also showed the reminder method dropped
CAUTI rates by ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Journal one and Journal two focus on the education and attitudes of health care workers to decrease
rates of CAUTIs (Justus et al., 2016; Saint et al., 2016). Journal four s focus is the use of a reminder
method to decrease CAUTIs (Chen et al., 2013). This method helps to increase the use of proper
catheter interventions in hospitals by reminding health care workers about them daily. Journal three
and journal five both focus on the use of certain interventions to decrease rates of UTIs in catheterized
patients (Fakih et al., 2012; Saint et al., 2013). Articles three and five evaluate if certain interventions
used in hospitals now are helpful in decreasing rates of

General Biology Lab
Keva Harris
25 February 2016
Biology Lab 27 13 Survey of the Kingdom Fungi
Question 1: a. Are hyphae apparent?
Yes
b. Are the cells motile?
Yes
Question 2: a. How many species of mold are on the bread?
Five
b. Is pigment distribution uniformly in each mycelium? If not, where is the pigment concentrated in
each mold?
No, because the species is not all one color. Concentrated in the sporangium c. What is the adaptive
significance of spores forming on ends of apright filaments rather than closer to the protective
substrate?
It can spread and disperse easier.
Question 3: a. Is what structure is the dark pigment of Rhizopus concentrated? zygosporangium b. Is
Rhizopus reproducing sexually as well as ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This happens when the conditions in the environment are good. When in they are in the diploid stage,
they mate, and the genes are combined for unique offsprings. The most adaptive offsprings are most
suited for survival. Therefore, the diploid state allows an adaptive advantage, but not the haploid. 4.
Compare and contrast the structure of a fungal mycelium with the structure of a filamentous alga.
The biggest difference is that the fungal mycelium does not have the cytoplasm divided up into
individual cells. The cytoplasm is free to move around into all parts of the mycelium. You can imagine
how quickly the mycelium can distribute nutrients within itself. This allows the mycelium to grow
very quickly. Both are filamentous. 5. What is the advantage of maintaining a dikaryotic condition
rather than immediate nuclear fusion?
Some fungi have a dikaryotic (two nuclei in one cell) stage, more commonly known as a
heterokaryotic stage, because the fungus can wait for an opportune time to fuse the nuclei together and
grow. The fungus would not want to grow rapidly in the diploid stage unless it had adequate food
sources. This waiting will allow for maximum efficiency during its growth. 6. In fungi, the only
distinction between a spore and a gamete is function. Explain. In common parlance, the difference
between spore and gamete (both together called gonites) is that a spore will germinate and develop
into a thallus of

Hurrler Syndrome Case Studies
In 1981 Weissbluth et al. reported the first case of extensive MS associated with GM1 ganglio sidosis
9. Since then some other cases have been reported linking other IEM with MS and GM1
gangliosidosis. There are 54 reported cases of extensive MS with various IEM, in which 25 cases are
associated with Hurler syndrome, 17 with GM1G, 9 in Hunter syndrome, 2 in ᶐ mannosidosis, and 1
with Niemann Pick disease6. Of these 25 cases of Hurler syndrome, 19 have been reported in a single
study by Gonzalez et al8,10. However in recent years reporting of extensive MS in GM1G is more
frequent in comparison to Hurler syndrome. By 2006, only 39 cases LySD associated with MS was
reported, of these 24 patients had Hurler disease, and 11 patients had type 1 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Melanocyte migration and proliferation is dependent upon exogenous peptide growth factors, which
stimulate receptors with tyrosine kinase activity(Trk) . Human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts
express nerve growth factor (NGF), which is an important signal for transdermal melanocyte
migration. It has been postulated that accumulated metabolite like GM1 and heparan sulfate binds
tightly to Trk receptor which enhances NGF activity leading to aberrant neural crest migration8,11.In
our patient MS was progressive in nature, which can be attributed to activation of latent melanocytes.
It has been hypothesized that metabolite Trk binding serves as a trigger to dormant melanocytes
resulting in progressive MS8. Treatment of GM1G is only symptomatic and not curative. A main
obstacle is blood brain barrier, which prevents the passage of therapeutic enzymes into the brain.
Current research in animals are focused on using small molecule chaperones to transport functional
enzymes across the blood brain barrier to slow neurologic decline but so far without substantial
success12,13. It has been seen that despite of complete normalization of white blood cell β
galactosidase levels after allogenic BMT, patient continues to deteriorate

Color Psychology
Color is defined as the quality of an object or substance with respect to light reflected by the object,
usually determined visually by measurement of hue, saturation, and brightness of the reflected light;
saturation or chroma; hue (Webster s Dictionary). Color is an extremely powerful psychological tool
used across the globe. Our world would be bland and boring without the use of color in our everyday
lives. Using color psychology can encourage sales, calm a crowd, and even help a person send a
positive (or negative) message. Many companies use color psychology in their marketing schemes.
June Campbell, writer for Nightcates Multimedia Productions, states, Colors not only enhance the
appearance of the item they also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, even schools are getting in on a bit of color psychology. Some schools are known to paint the
locker room of the opposing team in pink. Yes, pink. Pink drains energy out of a person and causes
fatigue a very strategic move. Prisons are also known to use pink in their jail cells because it drains all
the negative energy from the inmates. Culture has a large influence on the meanings of color as well.
First, China looks at colors differently than we do here in America. Let us take a look at the color red
once again. In China red is the color worn by brides. If a Chinese woman were to wear white for her
wedding, her parents would not allow her to marry. Secondly, in India red is also a symbol of purity
and good luck, which is why it is the traditional wedding gown color. Also, yellow is said to be a
sacred and imperial color for their culture. Now, in America, we have different meanings for certain
colors than other countries, and our flag colors and symbols best represent us as a whole. The white
represents purity and innocence, red signifies valor and hardiness, and blue stands for justice,
perseverance, and vigilance. The stars show the heavens and all the good that people strive for, while
the strips emulate the sun s rays. Breaking down each country s flag by symbol and color only shows,
in more detail, the background

DNA Chip
DNA Chip Genetic Testing of the Future
Many, if not most diseases, have their roots in our genes. Genes, through the proteins they encode,
determine how efficiently we process foods, how effectively we detoxify poisons, and how vigorously
we respond to infections. In the past 20 years, amazing new techniques have allowed scientists to
learn a great deal about how genes work and how they are linked to disease. This rapid pace of
discovery of genetic factors, responsible for certain diseases, has allowed scientists to genetically test
asymptomatic individuals and predict their risk of certain diseases. In this paper, I am going to discuss
the following areas pertaining to the topic of genetic testing:
The definition and purpose of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The information from genetic tests can help provide people and families with answers to their
questions: why did this happen to my child or why do I have to suffer from this disease? Genetic tests
also provide scientists with information regarding disease pathogenesis. For instance, by studying the
genetic makeup of individuals with breast cancer, scientists can find out what particular mutation in
the DNA, or in several genes, is causing the cancer and use that to screen high risk individuals.
Researchers are also taking advantage of genetic tests to find gene mutations that make bacteria or
viruses resistant to drugs.
Screening Techniques
The immediate challenge in genetic testing is being able to design an effective mutation analysis
method that offers a rapid, accurate, cost effective, and user friendly test for scanning several
susceptibility genes at once. According to the article in Nature Biotechnology, by Charis Eng and Jan
Viig, genetic testing techniques are grouped into two main categories: screening and scanning.
Screening methods involve probing specific genes for previously identified mutations. These methods,
however, are unrealistic for such diseases which are characterized by a large number of disease
causing mutations that can be virtually anywhere in the gene s coding region or regulatory region (3).
For example, in breast cancer, mutations can be found anywhere within the large

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