signals and GSM-R in railway ppt
- 1. PRESENTATION ON: SIGNALLING AND TELECOMMUNICATION IN INDIAN RAILWAYS PRESENTED BY: LOKESH GOGIA BRANCH: EIC YMCA University of Science and Technology Faridabad-121006
- 2. Successful Organization Innovative & Creative activities Tight Control of Certain Routine Aspects Organizational Imperative
- 3. Types of Organizations - Indian Railways Annual revenue of Rs 600 Billion Type I organizations more than 100 years old well suited to deliver large scale repetitive tasks Type II organizations Production units - 20 to 50 years old. Structured as production facilities Type III organizations Commercially oriented Public sector companies -30 years old. Type IV Organizations New PSUs created in last five years. Type V organizations Type III PSU diversification and growth - “New” organizations of seventies have matured and are setting up new ventures.
- 4. Type III and V Organizations RITES, IRCON, CONCOR The “new” ventures of the “seventies” are working together in new areas and markets.
- 5. About Company RITES Ltd. was established in 1974, under the aegis of INDIAN RAILWAYS. It is an ISO 9001-2000 company and is a multi-disciplinary consultancy organization in the fields of transport, infrastructure and related technologies. Multidisciplinary internationally recognized consultancy organization in the field of transportation infrastructure - “Mini-Ratna” company Provides consultancy and engineering services in the fields of railways, urban transport, urban development and urban engineering, roads and highways, airports, ropeways, inland waterways, ports and harbor, information technology, signal and telecom and export packages of rolling stock and railway related equipment.
- 6. Signal and Telecom services provided:- o Field survey and collection of Data Feasibility studies System planning and design System specifications Detailed engineering Project Management Tender documentation Bid invitation and evaluation Contract negotiations Project preparation and planning Installation and supervision Acceptance testing and commissioning Maintenance methodology Training of client's personnel
- 7. Signals and telecom projects (ongoing and completed)
- 9. Signals in Railways Medium to convey pre determined meaning in non- verbal form which convey definite information Requirements of signals: For safety purpose. For efficient running of train. Control movement. Safe and reliable communication. Reduce traffic.
- 10. Types of signals Semaphore Signals(mechanically) Colour light signals
- 11. SEMAPHORE SIGNALS Consist of a vertical post on which a movable arm is pivoted at the top. For indicating signal at night arm is fitted with two lenses, duplicating the indication displayed. Lenses are illuminated from behind, originally by oil lamps, later by electric lamps. Arm of the signal is displayed in a horizontal position to show the “stop” or “danger” indication. The red lens is illuminated. To give a “ proceed” indication, the semaphore arm is raised to an angle of 45 degree. Movt. Of arm causes green lens to replace red. Movable arm is controlled by means of levers and cables from the cabin. These are fixed on the left hand side of track, with spectacles towards driver.
- 12. Colour light signals Used for automatic signalling these days No moving arm is present Give indication by electric light both during day and night o Red – Stop o Green – Proceed o Yellow – Proceed with caution
- 14. Outer signals This is the warner signal first seen by the driver Trains moving at high speed require certain distance for stopping Hence driver informed about the position in advance that platform is clear or not. This signal gives the position of stop signal ahead. As it is provided at some distance away from station it is also called as distant or outer or warner signal. In horizontal or stop position it indicates that the driver must bring his train to halt within 90 m before outer signal and than proceed to the home signal with caution
- 15. Home signal or Stop signal It is next signal after outer signal towards station It is a simple semaphore signal and indicates whether platform is clear or not After the outer signal towards station is a stop signal and exactly placed at the station limit is called home or stop signal. Its main function is to protect the stations. The permission to enter the platform is given by the operation of this signal. The maximum unprotected distance between the signal and the point, it is intended to protect is specified as 180 m due to its location at the door of station, it is called home signal.
- 16. 2-aspect colour light signal(left) Signal with red and green aspect is act as a replacement for a semaphore stop or home signal. A 2-aspect distant signal would have yellow and green aspects. The white plate below the signal will display an identification plate using the reference letters of controlling signal cabin and the signal number. 3- aspect colour light signal Developed to allow higher speeds and shorter block section to accommodate more trains. Three aspects are red, yellow and green. The red indicates stop, the yellow indicates that only one block section ahead is clear and the next will be stop aspect and the green indicates that atleast two blocks ahead are clear.
- 17. DESPATCH SIGNALS
- 18. Starter Signal This signal is provided at the forward end of platform and controls the movement of the train as they leave the station. It gives permission to the train to leave the platform for next station. No train can leave the platform unless this signal is lowered, that is why it is called starter signal. A separate signal is provided for each line.
- 19. Advance Starter Signal The limit of a station section lies between the home signal and the advance starter signal. The signal which allows the train to enter in block section is called advance starter signal. It is always placed beyond the outer most set of the point connections. These signals are placed about 180m beyond the last point or switches. Station Section
- 20. 4-aspect colour light signal Normal aspect of the signal is green. When train pass green signal but still in that block red aspect will indicate. The signal allows a single yellow to indicate one block ahead is clear. A double yellow to indicate two blocks ahead are clear. Green to show atleast three blocks ahead are clear.
- 21. Subsidiary Signals To ensure safety To optimize the use of tracks & rolling stock, help movement inside big yards, station premises. To give instruction to driver at stop signals regarding the condition of track head Types- I. Shunt Signals II. Calling on signal
- 22. Shunting Signals Also called as disc or ground signals or miniature semaphore signals Used during shunting operations Consist of a circular disc painted white with a red band along its diameter. Red band is horizontal – stop Red band is inclined – proceed Similar to semaphore these are also provided with lamp and colored glasses They are placed below stop signal and are used for diverting routes without showing the particular route.
- 23. Modern shunt signal This is a typical modern shunt signal, used to allow movements into and out of a siding. It has three lights with red and white indications. The signal can be seen at ground level or attached to a signal post below a normal stop signal. The ON indication shows a red and white light side by side. The OFF indication shows two white lights at 45 degrees.
- 24. Calling on Signal It is small size signal placed below main stop signal It permits the driver to proceed till the next stop signal with caution and be prepared to stop short of any obstruction. Signal is capable of being taken off only when the stop signal above it is in ‘ON’ position & vice versa. These signal cannot be taken ‘OFF’ unless a train has come to a stop at the signal.
- 25. Typical Train control room.,
- 26. DATA LOGGER It is a microprocessor(32 bit Motorola 68000 Microprocessor) based digital data storing system. Record data over time or in relation to time or in relation to location either built in instrument or sensor via external instrument & sensors. Has inbuilt temperature sensor. Its storage capacity is 1.7/35 lakh events. Data collected by data logger can be used for failure analysis, repetitive discrepancies and accident investigations They are provided in relay room of big yards to maintain the operation of signalling gears.
- 27. Electrial Point Machine It is an electrical driven machine used fo operation of points in railway yards. POINT MACHINE ( MOTOR DRIVEN DEVICE) It operates switches of track(points). In case of failure of such a device delay to trains can be avoided by crank handling Points are used to divert trains from one line to the other, and it will become a source of danger unless adequate precaution is taken. The points should be correctly set i.e. the closed switch should be housed correctly against the stock rail and the open switch should be well clear of the corresponding stock rail
- 28. Toungue Rail on points Stock Rail points Check Rail points V Rail points Cross over WWN button on panel Point button at bottom left Continue…
- 29. FM(FOULING MARK) Used to prevent side collision of two trains when they are traveling on different tracks come on same track after certain time. To show that latter two tracks are coinciding to form single track. Signals are applied at 15km distance away from FM
- 31. Today’s Railway Communication Systems
- 32. Limitation and Consequences Not Interoperable Limited applications Inefficient use of resources( radio freq., cabling….) High procurement cost ( several different systems, no big market for suppliers) High operational cost( power supply, leased line cost …) High maintenance cost ( service organization and logistics for each of the systems) Technical evolution almost impossible
- 33. WHAT IS GSM-R ? GSM-R stands for GSM(global system for mobile communication) for railways. A communication system for railway networks utilizing GSM technologies and specific applications for railway operations. WHY IT IS NOW OPTED FOR RAILWAYS? To solve the maintenance costs, limited interoperability between railway networks, the concept of GSM-R was introduced. To meet the evolving railway business challenges that are: Iteroperability with national and international railway network’s communication systems. Improved operational performance to achieve higher efficiency, safety, reliability, passenger satisfaction. Differentiating value added services to increase customer loyality and explore other revenue sources
- 34. Frequencies used in GSM-R GSM-R occupies a 1.6 MHz wide range of the P-GSM band (900 MHz-GSM) held by Indian Railways Uplink: 907.8–909.4 MHz Downlink: 952.8–954.4 MHz
- 35. Basic feature of GSM-R
- 36. Full GSM system architecture
- 37. Basic structure of a standard PLMN(GSM) network architecture with its interfaces is shown in fig. SSS is based on the worldwide most successful digital switching system EWSD. All register function like VLR, HLR, EIR and GCR are realised as software implementation on EWSD-platform(Elektronicsches wahl system digital) EWSD performs switching for over 160 million lines in more than 100 countries) it is developed by siemens
- 38. Typical GSM-R Network Structure Star Connection- The BTS are connected to the BSC in star connection This connection applies especially for sectorised BTS with several carriers Chain Connection- The BTS are connected to the BSC in a chain connection via multidrop. Whenever a BTS fails or thr link interface for the A-bis connection is defect, a relias switches the PCM30 through to the next BTS. The switchover will be seamless for the connection Star Chain Connection- The BTS are connected to the BSC in a Star Chain connection via multidrop. The first two BTS are connected chain, after BTS we split up into star chain. The advantage is a better usage of existing railway communication cables. Functionality in case of BTS or link failure is equal to the first prescribed connection types.
- 39. Continue.. In these path always able connecting the BTS’s Reliability of ether copper wire or fibre optic cable in combination with the necessary line termination ( NTPM, HDSL- modem or Drop in Drop out-multiplexer ) is not necessarily as high as the one of BTS and BSC, even a very high reliability of BTS will not improve availability of the system. Therefore, railway applications with high requirements for reliability will make use of the multidrop loop architecture.
- 40. The interleaving of BTS of two different loops will decrease the consequences of a single BTS or BSC failure. Loop Multidrop connection: Upto 7 BTS could be connected in one loop using one pcm30 for. The risk of cable as critical path is reduced. Two interleaved BSC with Loop Multidrop: • The BTS are connected to two different BSC in Loop Multidrop interleaving eachother on a one by one scheme. • In the prescribed case, both the risk of a cable failure and a BTS or BSC failure is reduced
- 41. The suggested case operates with a fully duplicate network structure with either collocated or staggered radio cells. To allow these two network ‘levels’ several functions like • Priority of cell A1 or B1 • Other hierarchical cell parameters • Subscriber administration • Load distribution
- 42. TCUBSC DMS-MSC VMS SMS EIR HLR NSS IN BTS BTS RSM OSS Terminals Dispatcher Dispatcher PABX Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom PABX PCU / SGSN GGSN Data IWF OMC-D OMC-S OMC-R Transmission solutions GSM –R INFRASTRUCTURE
- 43. DETAILS OF THE GSM-R FUNCTIONS
- 44. FUNCTIONS GSM-R Functional addressing Location dependent addressing Access matrix Functional number A term used to describe the process of addressing a call using a number representing the function a user is performing, rather than a number identifying the user’s terminal equipment. The full number used within the functional addressing scheme to identify an end user/system by function or role. The access matrix defines which subscribers are able to contact which other subscribers within the EIRENE network. Location dependent addressing is provided to route calls for a given function to a destination number that is dependent upon the user's location. Confirmation of Railway emergency calls Emergency calls by mobiles is confirmed by a message sent to a ground-based central location. OPERATIONAL ASPECTS EMLPP VBS VGCS Enhanced Multi-Level Precedence and Pre-emption. Voice Broadcast Service. Voice Group Call Service. TELECOM SERVICES
- 45. Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom MOBILE DISPATCHER Co p y rig h t © 1 9 9 6 No rth ern Teleco m VBS and VGCS: Group Calls GSM-R NETWORK The Voice Broadcast Services (VBS) and the Voice Group Call Services (VGCS) permit the distribution of a voice call from: - users - dispatchers to a user group located in defined geographical zone in the same way as a preset group of dispatchers Voice Broadcast Service: A bidirectional channel is dedicated to the caller. A downlink unidirectional channel is dedicated to each cell of the calling zone (spectral efficiency) Group call: As for VBS, a unidirectional channel is allocated in each cell of the calling zone (spectral efficiency) The caller uses the uplink link of the unidirectional downlink channel allocated in its cell The speaker change is made with PTT (Push To Talk)
- 46. eMLPP Guaranties the access to the network resources for the priority calls even in case of congestion PRECEDENCE Priority allocation during call setting and for hand-overs PRE-EMPTION In case of resources lack, requisition of the resources used by a lower priority call THE SUPPLEMENTARY SERVICE EMLPP APPLIES TO Point to point voice and data calls Broadcast voice calls Group voice call Priority Levels Call settlings classes eMLPP Pre-emption capability Waiting lines management EMLPP: Priorities Enhanced multi-level precedence and pre-emption
- 47. The dispatcher calls a functional number in order to join the driver of a specific train Controller GMSC HLRm IMSI MSISDN MSC/VLR Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom Functional # CFU MSISDN Functional HLR Train driver functional number sending Functional Addressing FUNCTIONAL ADDRESSING ; The functional addressing permits to call a user or an application via a number which identifies its function (instead of its MSISDN) THE FUNCTION « FOLLOW-ME » of the GSM is used to: Registration, deregistration and interrogation of the functional numbers
- 48. FUNCTIONAL NUMBERS The presentation displays an information according to : The functional number of the recipient for the caller, And the functional number of the caller for the recipient The functional number is carried by the end-to-end supplementary service UUS1 Dispatcher (CFN = 765432) Copyright © 1996 Northern Telecom External Network or PABX Dispatcher 765432 Train driver 234567 Train Driver (TFN = 234567) GSM Access Functional Number Presentation
- 49. UIC Priority priority Pre-emption Railway Emergency 0 1 and lower Control-command (ETCS) 1 2 and lower Emergency public calls 2 3 and lower Railway Operations (radio ground-train,...) 3 4 and lower Railway information and other calls 4 - Data calls ETCS Priority Calls Every calls use the eMLPP service Group call