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- 1. BULE HORA UNIVERSITY COLLAGE OF SOCIAL SCIENCE AND HUMANITY DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY COURSE CODE: 1012 GROUP ASSIGNMENT PREPARED BY. ID NO 1. YIBELTAL TILAHUN ......................................0941/17 2. YEALEMWORK MANAYE ..............................0940/17 3. AMILAKU MEHABIE. ...................................0901/17 4. ABERA GETACHEW ........................................0897/17 5. FASIKA SAFATO. ..........,..............................0913/17 SUBMITTED TO MR; ASSEFA SUBMISSION DATE ;08/09/2017/E.C BULE HORA ETHIO i
- 2. TABLE CONTENTS. Page CHAPTER SIX ; CUSTOMARY AND LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM AND PEACE MAKING INTRODUCTION. .............................................................................................. 1 6.1 Indigenous and local governance...............................................................2 6.2 Intra and inter conflict resolution institutions............................................2 6.2.1 Strength of customary justice institutions..............................................3 6.2.2 Limitation of customary justice institutions...........................................3 6.3 Women roles in conflict resolution and peacemaking..............................3 6.4 Legal pluralism: introduction between customary,religion, and state legal system.............................................................................................................3 CONCLUSION……………………………………………………………4 SUMMARY. ..................................................................................................5 ii
- 3. NTRODUCTION In this unit discuss issues related to customary and local governance and peacemaking in the Ethiopian setting. Specifically we will discuss the role of customary institutions in setting intra and inter ethnic conflicts: women role and women institutions in conflict resolution and peacemaking. The other you will discuss the main features of legal pluralism in Ethiopia. 1
- 4. CHAPTER SIX ; CUSTOMER LOCAL GOVERNANCE SYSTEM AND PEACE MAKING 6.1 Indigenous and local government system Understanding of indigenous system of government helps us know our culture. 1. oromo gada : it is an age grading institution of the oromo that has a complex system of administration,law making and dispute settlement. 2. Gedeo baalle:baalle and the gada system of the oromo have some similarities in the term of grading & exercise periodic transfer of power. 3. Dere wago of the gamo :the gamo did not have a centralize political system. The indigenous system if governance embrace the dere wogo(customers law) and dubusha assemblies. The dubsha assembly has three hierarchies.1 the dere dubsha(at the top) 2. sub dere dubsha (the middle) 3. 3.guta neighborhood dubusha (at the village level). 6.2 Intra and inter ethnic conflict resolution institutions Indigenous justice institutions and mechanism share several common aspect including the following; high involvement of elder at different stage of conflict resolution and peace making process. In Ethiopia customary justice institutions include three major components. 1. customary laws: body of rules, norms and a set moral values that serve as a wider framework of human conduct and social interactions. 2. Council of elders ; embrace highly respect and well experienced community members who have a detail knowledge of the customary laws. 3. Customary courts : public assemblies that serve two major purposes A. hearing, discussing and setting disputes. B. B.Revising, adopting and making laws. 2
- 5. The three structure of gamo customary justice system The dere woga: it is a comphrensive body of rules and producers that govern a wide range of issue including inheritance, property ownership, marriage and divorce, conflict resolution and gender division of labour. The dere cima: elders of the land /country. Dubusha: it has two major function A hearing, discussing and resolving dispute. and B revising and making laws. 6.2.1 Strengths of customary justice institutions incur limited cost in terms of and resources/Money: Elders don't request payment for their service; fins and compensation are relatively small; conflict resolution process are held in public space in the community; different parties and participate in the process; decision are communicated in public; customary systems aimed at restoring community cohesion, social relations, collectives spirit and social solidarity. 6.2.2 limitation of customary Justice institutions Limitation related to protecting and safeguarding womens rights.inter ethnic conflict resolution: 6.3 Women's role in conflict resolution and peace making Three examples; 1.women's peacemaking sticks 2.don kachel agnuak women peacemaking institution 3.women institution of reconciliation. 6.4 Legal pluralism : Interrelations between customary, religion and state legal system It refers to the existence of two or more legal or justice system in a given society or country. E.g customary laws, court and state laws 3
- 6. CONCLUSION In conclusion, indigenous and local government systems play a crucial role in preserving cultural heritage, maintaining social harmony, and resolving conflicts within communities. The Oromo Gada, Gedeo Baalle, and Dere Wago of the Gamo exemplify unique governance structures that reflect their societies’ values and traditions. Customary justice institutions, led by respected elders and public assemblies, provide accessible and communal mechanisms for dispute resolution, ensuring fairness and fostering social cohesion. While these systems offer strengths such as cost-effectiveness and public transparency, they also face challenges, particularly in safeguarding women’s rights and addressing interethnic conflicts. Furthermore, legal pluralism highlights the coexistence of customary, religious, and state legal frameworks, demonstrating the dynamic interplay between traditional and modern governance. Understanding and appreciating these indigenous systems contribute to strengthening community identity and promoting more inclusive governance approaches. 4
- 7. SUMMARY In this unit we have discuss related to indigenous/ local governance,conflict resolution and peacemaking. We can not completely avoid conflict in the social word. Societies have devised different institutions and mechanisms to control manage and resolve conflict with purpose of maintaining peace and social order. We have also discuss the role of women and women institutions. 5