Simulation of Elbow Movement with MSMS and MATLAB

IJSRD - International Journal for Scientific Research & Development| Vol. 1, Issue 4, 2013 | ISSN (online): 2321-0613
All rights reserved by www.ijsrd.com 907
Abstract— This paper describes Biomechanical model of
arm which is totally computational approach for modeling
the complex mechanical properties of muscles of Hand. This
can be embodied as a simulation model for use with Matlab
and Simulink. The model allows the creation of realistic
Muscle structure and movement of arm. Here we have
considered elbow movement and the muscle which are
activated during the elbow movement. Flexion and
extension of elbow and associated muscles are studied. This
paper also gives relation between force and given
stimulation to particular muscle. The model presented here
can be employed to design FES controller for subject who
suffered from quadriplegia due to spinal cord injury (SCI) or
multiple sclerosis (MS)
Key Words: Flexion, Extension, Muscle study of Elbow,
MSMS
I. INTRODUCTION
To restore normal movement in subject with spinal cord
injured which caused quadriplegia in the subject FES
(Functional Electrical Stimulation ) can be used to restore
the motor functions[3] .Human being is more precise in
nature also more sensitive so before applying stimulation
directly to human body first we need to check it on virtual
muscle model(Computational model of Human body with
muscle) and then after observing all parameter in
computational model according to requirement we can apply
stimulation on subject .For this purpose development and
evaluation of real time Computational model for such type
of devices is primary concept of this paper. Operating a FES
require accurate control. This computational model can be
helpful in designing control system for FES.
Neuromusculoskeletal modeling provides insights into the
muscular system which are not always obtained through
experiment or observation alone. One of the major
challenges in Neuromusculoskeletal modeling is to
accurately estimate the musculotendon parameters on a
subject-specific basis. Biomechanical models of the
musculoskeletal system are frequently used to study
neuromuscular control and simulate surgical procedures.
Here we report on the development of a computational
model that can simulate the behavior of elbow muscle in
partially paralyzed patient considering muscles geometric
parameters such as PCSA, number of sarcomeres in series,
Optimal fascicle length etc. that has effect on force
generating capacity of muscles.[16]
II. METHOD
This model is particularly developed for Elbow movement.
In this model we considered five rigid body segments
including Scapula, humerus, radius ulna and Hand; three
joints-Shoulder joint, Elbow joint and Wrist joint. Model
gives two movements of elbow flexion and extension. Here
we want to develop only model for elbow movement, we fix
the Movement of Shoulder and Wrist joint in this model.
The model is built using MSMS (Musculoskeletal modelling
software) and MATLAB.
To achieve real movement and measure the force
generated in elbow we use weld type of joint in shoulder so
humerus is fixed with no motion at the Shoulder. Six
electrically stimulated muscles which generate Elbow
movement are considered and force generated by that
muscles are plotted. Brachialis, Brachioradialis, Biceps,
ECRL, Brachialis, pronator teres, Triceps, Flexor Carpi
ulnaris, Ancones are taken and put into the model for elbow
movement. MSMS has a ADD JOINT command in model
menu so we can add required joint and its Appropriate
property of the Joint shown in fig.2. Also software provide
us options for the types of Joint which we want to use for
example weld type, pin-revolute type, bearing type etc. Here
we kept the Shoulder joint as a weld type joint to fix it and
other two joints are pin-revolute type joint. Elbow angle is
from 10 to 160 degree.
Fig. 1: Musculoskeletal model of arm in MSMS
Default angle is 90 degree for elbow joint. Following figure
shows the musculoskeletal model for Elbow movement in
MSMS. All the muscles which are listed above are added by
using ADD MUSCLE Command from Model menu of
menu bar. Muscle attachments are shown in following
model by red line shown in fig 1. After Clicking on ADD
MUSCLE command cursor of window in MSMS will turn
into red colour then decide the origin of muscle and draw
the straight path between the origin and the insertion point.
After that panel of model software shows individual window
Simulation of Elbow Movement with MSMS and MATLAB
Ms. R. A. Khoja1
J. B. Vyas2
K. B. Bhoyania3
1
Student 2, 3
H.O. D.
1, 3
Government Engineering College, Gandhinagar
2
L.D. Engineering College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India

(IJSRD/Vol. 1/Issue 4/2013/0024)
for setting the default and Morphometry parameter of
individual muscles (fig 3)
Fig. 2 Property of Elbow Joint Window in MSMS
This Morphometry parameter for the all muscle is shown in
following Table I. To complete the model related
architectural parameters are taken from paper reported by
Murray [1]. Following table shows the name of muscle and
related architectural parameter given by Murray [6].
Sr.
No
Name of the
Muscle
Tendo
n
Length
Optima
l muscle
length
Optima
l
Fascicl
e length
PC
SA
1 Brachioradialis 16.9 26.0 17.7 1.2
2 Biceps-long 22.9 21.6 12.8 2.5
3 Biceps-short 18.3 23.4 14.5 2.1
4 ECRL 24.8 13.9 9.2 1.5
5 Brachialis 11.6 21.2 9.9 5.4
6 Pronator teres 12.0 17.6 5.5 2.8
7 Triceps long 21.7 35.6 12.7 4.3
8 Triceps short 18.7 29.1 9.3 10.
5
Table 1: Summary for architectural parameter
After making model in MSMS and setting up all the
parameter we create Simulation Model is in MATLAB.
Pulse generator from Simulink library of MATLAB is given
for the excitation to each muscle .Pulse generator parameter
like pulse width, amplitude, phase delay and period is given
according to the requirement of movement.
For run the model and see the movement we have to run
the Simulink model generated in MATLAB. We can also
see the live movement of arm while the Simulink model is
running by setting the Animation path from Animation
Menu of MSMS menu bar Shown as following fig.4
III. RESULTS
After completing the model, MSMS has one option in
Model menu bar PLOT ANATOMICAL DATA which can
Fig. 3: Muscle property Window in MSMS
Fig. 4: Animation Setup Window of MSMS
Plot the anatomical data of muscle when we set the muscle
attribute, Name of joint and Name of muscles. Muscle
fibre generates tension during the action
of actin and myosin cross-bridge cycling. While under
tension, the muscle may lengthen, shorten, or remain the
same. From the Graph we can say that the principle muscle
acts for the flexion of the Elbow are Biceps, Brachialis,
Brachioradialis and pronator teres. Extension caused by
mainly due to the contribution of Triceps muscle. Also
according to the load, role of Triceps long and triceps short
may be varied. Anconeous muscle also provides little bit
contribution in extension of elbow. The generation of Forces
in Elbow is very large when elbow extends from a flexed
posture. Generated force is calculated from this equation
from following formula as [4].
Force = PCSA * Maximum isometric Stress [4]
Following figures shows the graph of various attributes of
muscle varuses Elbow joint. Fig.5 shows the curve which
represent ALL ELBOW MUSCLE Fascicle length and
Elbow joint curve. Here Brachioradialis (Yellow line in
curve fig. 5) has longest fascicle length whereas pronator
teres (Light pink line in curve fig. 5) has shorter fascicle
length. Brachioradialis (Yellow line in fig. 5) have a larger
moment generating capacity. ECRL (Pink line in fig. 5) has

a similar muscle path as Brachioradialis but shortest fascicle
length than Brachioradialis.
The colour representation for all the curves shown
below is as follow,
Fig.5: Anatomical Graph of various Muscles’ Fascicle
Length versus Elbow joint in MSMS
Fig. 6: Anatomical Graph of various Muscles’ Active
Fascicle Force versus 4Elbow joint in MSMS
Fig 6 shows the active force generated during Muscle
action. Brachioradialis (Yellow line in fig. 6) and Biceps
(Blue line in fig. 6) have broad range of force generating
area .Fig. 7 Shows the Total fascicle force length and elbow
joint.
Fig.7 Anatomical Graph of various Muscles’ Total Fascicle
Force versus Elbow joint in MSMS
IV. CONCLUSION
We have tried to model correctly all the Elbow muscle and
Elbow joint. From all these Graphs we can study and
analyse the muscle attribute by changing the value of
Morphometry parameter of muscle and also by changing the
control parameter through sim model of MATLAB. We
observe that Biceps has larger area for force curve than
Triceps due to it’s Architectural difference. These results
also give the fundamental difference in muscle force
generating capacity and movement produce by that
particular muscle. Brachioradialis give more contribution in
Elbow Flexion. all these due to Muscle Architecture and
stimulation given to the particular muscle by pulse
generator. Also we can see the effect on virtual muscle and
joint movement. This study provides best way to design a
FES system which is used for subject who suffered from
paralysis. Also this model try to cope the study of all type of
muscles and it’s vital role in movement. Neuroprosthesis
developer can use this model for virtual testing and then
accordingly develop the FES system .We can change the
Morphometry data according to subject so no specific data is
require to run the model .Also selection of MATLAB base
simulation environment enables model to share with
everyone. The Study improves upon previous anatomical
investigation of Elbow muscle by considering more number
of muscles. We are also developing the same model for the
Wrist movement in real time environment and also try to
validate these data with real time available data. Finally we
can conclude that Architectural property of muscle is a good
predictor of the Muscle Function.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
This Work is supported by the Government Engineering
College, Gandhinagar, and Gujarat. We would like to
express our sincere thanks to all the people who supported
us.
We would like to acknowledge our sincere thanks
to Dr.Tyagi and Dr.Ankit Pandya for giving information
regarding each muscle and it’s effect when it will stimulate
extrernally.
REFERENCES
[1] Architecture and Functional Specifications of the
Muscles of the Antibrachium and Manus Regions of
the African Ass (Equus asinus) M.H. Fayed
Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Kafer El-Sheikh University, Kafer El-
Sheikh 33516, Egypt 2010
[2] Biomechanical Model of the Quadriplegia Human
Arm as Aid in Analysis of Functional Electrical
Stimulator Control Prof. Kunal Bhoyaniya1 , Bhavesh
Parmar2,
[3] Maria Claudia ferrari de castro and alberto cliquet,Jr.
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Department of Orthopaedics and tromatology,Faculty
of medical science,state university of campanias-
campanias and department of electrical
engineering,Engineering school of sao Paulo,sao
carlos Brazil Artificial organ vol-24 2000

[4] Wendy M. Murray!,*, Thomas S. Buchanan", Scott L.
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[7] “Stimulus-locked responses on human arm muscles
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[8] “Skeletal muscle mechanics: implications for
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[10] Wendy M. Murray, Thomas S. Buchanan", Scott L.
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Simulation of Elbow Movement with MSMS and MATLAB

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Simulation of Elbow Movement with MSMS and MATLAB