![Author(s): Kulbhushan Saxena; Rachit K Saxena; Rajeev KVarshney; M Prasad International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics,
Patancheru, India
Abstract –
•Long duration required for generation advancement in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the major
bottlenecks in realizing rapid genetic gains.
•Therefore, a technology for rapid generation turnover is warranted to facilitate the development of new cultivars and
recombinant inbred lines.
•Breeding of early‐maturing cultivars has now opened up the possibility of rapid generation advance (RGA) in this crop.
•This paper reports the development of an RGA technology that integrates the germination of immature seeds with single
seed descent method of breeding.
•RESULT-The results showed that immature 35‐day‐old seeds can be used successfully to turn over a generation of
pigeonpea with 100% seed germination. These way 3/4 successive generations can be grown within a year.The
methodology presented in this study will accelerate the breeding process for breeding cultivars and develop rapidly the
materials required for genomics research in pigeonpea.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/ssdppt-220130065923/85/Single-seed-descent-and-multilines-varieties-ppt-10-320.jpg)
Single seed descent and multilines varieties ppt
- 1. VASANTRAO NAIK MARATHAWADA KRISHI VIDYAPEETH , PARBHANI DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL BOTANY ASSIGNMENT ON TOPIC – SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHOD AND MULTILINE VARIETIES SUBMITTED BY – SHEETAL TIRKEY REGISTRATION NO. 2019A/35M M.Sc ( GPB I year )
- 2. Single seed descent method is a modification of bulk method. First proposed by Goulden (1939) and later modified by Brim (1966). Instead of bulking whole seed lot of selected plants, a single seed is selected randomly from each selected plant to make bulk.
- 3. This method involves less record keeping works better where the main focus is on improvement of quantitative traits or characters such as yield and earliness, rather than qualitative traits or characters such as flesh color and disease resistance. But, it does not involve selection process mainly artificial, so chances of loosing superior plants are comparatively more and because of the same reason does not eliminate weak plants early such as in other methods.
- 4. Single Seed Descent (SSD) Method includes stages as described below STEPS DETAILS Hybridization Crossing of selected parents F1 generation F1 seeds grown and bulk harvested. F2 generation F2 seeds grown .One seed from each plant is selected randomly and mixed. F3 generation F3 seeds are grown and harvested as above. F4 and F5 generation The similar procedure as above is carried out.
- 5. STEPS DETAILS F6 generation F6 seeds are planted. Selection for superior plants is conducted and selected ones are harvested separately. Number of plants could range from150 to 500. F7 generation The main point in this step is individual plant progenies are grown and selected plants are harvested in bulk .F8 generation Preliminary yield trials and quality tests are conducted. F9 to F10 or F13 generation Co-ordinated yield trials and tests for resistance and quality are conducted. F11 of F14 generation Seed multiplication for distribution
- 6. SCHEMATIC REPRESTATION OF SINGLE SEED DESCENT METHOD
- 7. Requires little space. Saves time. Extensive field trials are not required. Little record keeping. Easy method to handle populations, handles large number of crosses. Good for traits with low heritability. Natural selection has little influence.
- 8. Little scope for natural selection Maximum productivity is established in F2 generations, superior plants may be lost No recombination occurrence among selected lines Must evaluate large numbers of inbred lines to find out superior ones.
- 9. Barley variety – glacier,arivat, beecher,gem Indian mustard- narendra rai
- 10. Author(s): Kulbhushan Saxena; Rachit K Saxena; Rajeev KVarshney; M Prasad International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, India Abstract – •Long duration required for generation advancement in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp] is one of the major bottlenecks in realizing rapid genetic gains. •Therefore, a technology for rapid generation turnover is warranted to facilitate the development of new cultivars and recombinant inbred lines. •Breeding of early‐maturing cultivars has now opened up the possibility of rapid generation advance (RGA) in this crop. •This paper reports the development of an RGA technology that integrates the germination of immature seeds with single seed descent method of breeding. •RESULT-The results showed that immature 35‐day‐old seeds can be used successfully to turn over a generation of pigeonpea with 100% seed germination. These way 3/4 successive generations can be grown within a year.The methodology presented in this study will accelerate the breeding process for breeding cultivars and develop rapidly the materials required for genomics research in pigeonpea.
- 11. ABSTRACT- •The comparative efficiency of three selection methods, viz., pedigree, modified bulk and (SSD) were assessed in F3, F4, F5 and F6 generations of a cross combination Moroberekan/IR20 of rice. • Bulk population showed superiority over pedigree for grain yield, panicle length, number of panicles, number of tillers and harvest index in F3 generation. Pedigree method was found to be superior over bulk and SSD for grain yield per plant in F4 and F5 generations. In the three breeding methods, mean values of grain yield showed directional shift across the generations. •In F6 generation, the pedigree-derived lines showed higher superiority over mean value than lines derived from SSD and modified bulk for grain yield, number of panicles and harvest index. No significant differences existed between pedigree and modified bulk-derived F6 lines for grain yield and harvest index. •Inter-generation correlation coefficients were significant and positive between all the generations for grain yield, number of tillers and number of panicles. Significant and positive correlations were observed between these three characters across generations supporting the intergeneration correlation results .Visual selection based on the number of tillers and number of panicles per plant was very effective for increasing yield in bulk and pedigree methods.
- 12. Author(s): R P Singh; B D Singh; R N Singh, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University. Abstract : •Two breeding methods, single-seed descent (SSD) and bulk (B) were compared in the segregating generations of two crosses (HG19 x Black Neelalu (BN) and ML 5 x BN) of mungbean,Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek.Yield trials were grown in F3, F4 and F5 generations. •There was no evidence for a directed shift in mean performance for days to maturity, No. of branches and seeds/pod. •There were sporadic differences in variance and CV estimates of bulk and SSD populations most likely due to sampling error. •The estimates of heritabllity and genetic advance were moderate to high, indicating that improvement through selection would be feasible. • RESULT-There was no consistent difference in the expected genetic advance from the three SSD and the bulk populations.
- 13. Author(s): Jiban Mitra; R B Mehra, Division of Genetics, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Abstract : Three breeding methods, viz., pedigree, single seed descent and random bulk were compared for their relative efficiency in terms of change in population mean in F4 over F3 and in F5 over F3 as well as F4 generations for yield and its components in two crosses of grasspea, namely, RED x P 28 and RED x EC 242692. •RESULT- single seed descent method proved to be superior to random bulk and pedigree methods in showing maximum changes in population mean for different characters, whereas random bulk method showed the worst performance in this regard.
- 14. Author(s): S Rajan; KV Peter, College of Horticulture, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara,Trichur, Kerala Abstract : Of the four methods of selection, viz, mass, pure line, ssdes and bulk, employed in tomato improvement, the ssdes method was found superior in breeding for number of fruits/plant, yield/plant, early flowering, fruit set and harvest, and fruit weight. • RESULTThe level of resistance to bacterial wilt increased from 77.87 to 90.14% under ssdes method
- 15. Multiline variety is a mixture of several pure lines of similar phenotype(height, seed color flowering time, maturity time and various other agronomic characteristics) but have different genes for the character under consideration the disease resistance means these are isogenic lines. At the same time they do not reduce the yielding ability of each other when grown in mixture (i.e. compatible).
- 16. The development of a multiline consists of four important steps: (1) Selection of recurrent parent, (2) Selection of donor parents, (3)Transfer of resistant genes into recurrent parent, and (4) Mixing of seed of the isogenic lines.
- 17. These are briefly discussed below: (1) Selection of Recurrent Parent: The recurrent parent should be a high yielding popular variety.The recurrent parent should be the best cultivar of a region. (2) Selection of Donor Parents: Parents with resistance to various races of a disease should be chosen as donor parents.The resistance should be thoroughly examined under artificial epiphytotic conditions before use of the donor parents in the crossing programmes.The donor parents should be adapted varieties as far as possible. Because in un-adapted parents disease resistance is sometimes linked with several un-desirable characters and transfer of resistant genes from such parents to the recurrent parent becomes difficult task. Several donor parents are selected to incorporate different resistant genes against various races. (3)Transfer of Resistance: The resistant genes are transferred from donor parents to the recurrent parent through a series of several separate backcross programmes. Generally 4-5 backcrosses are sufficient to retain the genotype of recurrent parent with added resistance in the backcross derivatives.The backcross derivatives are evaluated for disease resistance during backcrossing and also at the end of backcrossing.The desirable lines from each backcross are mixed to form an isoline. (4) Mixing of Isolines: The various isolines developed by various backcrosses are mixed together to constitute a multiline cultivar. Generally 6-10 isolines are mixed to constitute a multiline cultivar.
- 18. Advantages of Multiline Variety •At the time of disease outbreak, only one or few lines of the mixture get attacked, others remain resistant. So the loss to the farmer is comparatively less. •Multiline varieties are more adaptive to environmental changes than individual pure line. Disadvantages of Multiline Variety •Races of pathogen change as time goes on, so farmer has to change seeds every few years which contains seeds of lines resistant to new pathogen races. •No improvement in yield or other characters •Takes more time to develop new variety, in the due course of time new pathogen races may evolve. •Costly •All the lines constituting multiline variety may get attacked by the new race of pathogen. •Not suitable for cross pollinated crops
- 19. Examples of Multiline Variety •Kalyan sonaWheat variety Kalyan sona is the suitable example to explain the concept. This variety was originally resistant to brown rust. Later on became susceptible to new races of pathogen. Several pure lines with different resistance genes are produced through backcross breeding using one recipient or recurrent parent.The donor parents are the one with different genes for the disease resistance, every donor parent is used in separate back cross program. Because of this each line receives different gene for disease resistance according to the type of pathogen. Five to ten of such lines with different alleles for disease resistance are mixed to develop multiline variety.The lines to be mixed are determined by the races of the pathogen relevant to the area considered. •MLKS11 (8 closely related lines) •KML7404 (9 closely related lines)
- 20. Author(s): H N Pandey; MV Rao Affiliation: New Delhi, Abstract : A multiline development programme was started to introduce diversity of genes for stem rust resistance in two durum varieties, namely NI 146 and HD 4519, through backcrosses using 14 diverse donors. Susceptible components 1a pure, stand showed high rate of rust spread leading to high rust incidence. Multilines showed significantly low rate (67.4% to 84.0%) of rust spread over the mean spreads of their individual components and maintained high degree of population resistance.The susceptibility level of multilines did not increase proportionately with increase In the percentage of susceptible components in the multiline population. RESULT –The multiline populations showed up to 8.5% increase in yield over the mean yields of their components, considered individually,and gave significantly higher yields (15.5% to 21.0%) over the most susceptible component under heavy disease pressure. Even if 40% of the components of a multiline were susceptible to the most dominant and prevalent races of stem rust, their composite population behaved like a resistant line having no adverse effect on yield.Compared to the recurrent variety, multilines also showed better yield potential over locations.
- 21. Author(s): K S Gill;Virendra Kumar; G S Nanda Affiliation: Department of Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana Abstract : Variation in the multilines of ‘PV 18’ variety and their components with respect of days to flowering, plant height, number of tillers per meter, ear length, number of spikelets, grains per ear, seed size, grain yield and reaction to yellow and brown rusts has been studied for two years.There was considerable variation for these traits among 212 components that were studied during 1973–74. Based on agronomic characters, yield and rust reaction, 84 of these were utilised to compose 12 multilines of different height and maturity groups. On an average there were 8 components in each multiline. Some of the multilines outyielded the recurrent parent ‘PV 18’ whereas in other cases the yield of the multilines was on a par with yield of ‘PV 18’. Multilines were decidedly better in their rust resistance and only in case of PVML 5 (brown rust) and PVML 11 and 13 (yellow rust) the reaction was more than 5S as against many of components where rust reaction was higher than this limit. PV 18 had an attack of 40S and 60S of yellow and brown rust respectively.The prospects of multilines have been discussed in the light of the results obtained.
- 22. K. S. GILL, G. S. NANDA, GURDEV SINGH and S. S. AUJLA Department of Plant Breeding, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, India ABSTRACT The variation among the component lines of the KSML 3 (a multiline based on cultivar Kalyansona, spring bread wheat) was studied for agronomic characteristics. For days to earing and plant height the variation was small.This helped in imparting uniformity to the multiline.The lines had an improved tillering ability and had larger seeds.This partially explained the increased yield potential of the multiline as compared with Kalyansona. All the lines were susceptible only to one or two races of the yellow and brown rust. In no case any race was virulent against all the lines. In the field all the lines were resistant to both rusts.
- 23. Plant breeding – principles and method by B.D Singh http://theagricos.com/plant-breeding/single-seed-descent/ http://theagricos.com/plant-breeding/multiline-variety/ http://www.botanylibrary.com/plant-breeding-2/breeding- methods/multiline-breeding/multiline-breeding-merits- demerits-methods-crop-improvement-botany/14347 JOURNALS from https://www.icar.org.in/content/consortium-e-resources- agriculture-cera