This document discusses several creational design patterns in software engineering including the Singleton pattern. The Singleton pattern ensures that only one instance of a class is created while providing a global access point to that instance. It defines an Instance operation that allows clients to access its unique instance, which is a class operation. The instance is typically responsible for creating itself and clients access the Singleton instance solely through the Singleton's Instance operation, such as through a static Instance() method that returns the sole instance.