A linked list is a linear data structure composed of nodes, where each node contains data and a pointer to the next node. There are three types of linked lists: singly linked lists where each node points to the next but not the previous; doubly linked lists where each node points to both the next and previous node; and circular linked lists where the last node loops back to the first node. Basic operations on linked lists include inserting and deleting nodes at the beginning or end of the list, and adding nodes after a specified element.
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