Slicing Smart Cities. Slice 2 - Applied ICT Technologies
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The document introduces applied ICT technologies and their role in the development of smart cities in the 21st century. It discusses data acquisition, transmission, management, and visualization, as well as the significance of big data and cloud computing in urban environments. The Internet of Things (IoT) is highlighted for its ability to connect devices and facilitate data exchange, enhancing the efficiency of urban services.
Slicing Smart Cities. Slice 2 - Applied ICT Technologies
- 1. Slicing Smart Cities A short introduction to the urban spaces of the 21st century Slice 2. Applied ICT Technologies Created by Joan Manuel Lopez @TheBitCity Under CC BY-SA 4.0 License
- 2. 2 ➢ Applied ICT technologies ✔ The role of ICT ✔ The technological value chain ✔ Data acquisition ✔ Data transmission ✔ Information management ✔ Visualization ✔ The Internet of Things (IoT)
- 3. 3 The role of ICT ✔ Digital communication devices widely used by the 21st century society ✔ Tools which provide ubiquitous and immediate access to information ✔ Huge capacity for analysis and knowledge generation ✔ Support to the provision of services They are not an objective by themselves
- 4. 4 The value chain ACQUISITION TRANSMISSION STORAGE PROCESSING VISUALIZATION Icons made by Freepik from flaticon.com under CC BY 3.0 license
- 5. 5 Data acquisition Data Sources of data Sensors Datasets – Open Data Apps users (Social Networks, ...)
- 6. 6 Data acquisition Sensor. Device able to convert physical or chemical magnitudes into measurable electrical signals. WHAT do they measure. Position, movement, deformation, strength, pressure, flow, temperature, presence... HOW do they measure that. Inductive, capacitive, ultrasonic, piezoelectric, photoelectric, Doppler...
- 7. 7 Data acquisition Citizen as data source ➔ Applications ➔ Entering data through forms ➔ Storage of cookies (web) ➔ Social Networks ➔ Likes, comments associated with a hashtag... ➔ Interest groups (hobbies, politics, cultural, ...)
- 8. 8 Data transmission Network. Set of computers and other devices interconnected through communication channels that facilitates the interchange of information and other kind of resources among its users
- 9. 9 Data transmission Backbone Network (SDH, WDWM, …) Optical Fiber, Radiolinks, Coaxial, Satellite Gateway WSN - LPWANWSN - LPWAN LoRa, Sigfox, 6LowPAN, NB-IoT, Zigbee, Weigthless Station Cellular TelephonyCellular Telephony GSM, GPRS (2G) UMTS, HSPA (3G) LTE (4G), 5G Last MileLast Mile xDSL, FTTx, WiMAX, PLC Wi-Fi
- 10. 10 Information management DATA STORAGE + PROCESSING INFORMATION (apps, web, panels) Big Data Cloud Computing etc...
- 11. 11 Information management Storage. Databases. Relational ➢ Based on tables ➢ Columns for each attribute ➢ Relationship with other tables through key values ➢ Non scalables No Relational (NoSQL) ➢ Based on key/value pairs ➢ Based on documents ➢ Based on graphs ➢ Scalables ➢ Horizontal growth PostgreSQL, MySQL MongoDB, CouchDB, Cassandra, Redis, ...
- 12. 12 Information management Storage. Databases. ➢ Structured data. Relational DBs, tables ➢ Not structured data. Free text, images, video ➢ Semistructured data. XML, JSON formats 90% of data is not structured
- 13. 13 Information management Processing. Conversion of data into useful information for the decision making. 3ºC Barcelona Pl. Catalunya January 7:00h July 12:00h Dress warmly! error Icon made by Freepik from flaticon.com under CC BY 3.0 license
- 14. 14 Information management Big Data. Huge volumes of information, generated at huge speed and/or huge variety which require innovative ways for their processing, effective in terms of time and cost, so that they allow improve the knowledge and become a more reliable support in the decision making and process automation. ✔ 3 V's Volume – Velocity – Variety ✔ Big capacity of data generation Obsolescence of current technologies
- 15. 15 Information management Big Data. Technologies. ✔ Storage Massive ✔ Transport Agile ✔ Analysis / Processing Distributed ✔ Infrastructure Scalable ➢ Use of NoSQL DBs ➢ Distributed processing Map Reduce ➢ Platforms Hadoop, Spark, ...
- 16. 16 Information management Cloud Computing. Set of programmes and services hosted in a remote server, accesible through the Internet, in which the information generated by these applications or services is also stored. XaaS Software Platform Infrastructure as a Service
- 17. 17 Information management Cloud Computing. Examples SaaS - centralized software under license based on suscription Google Docs, gmail, TeamWork, Salesforce, etc. PaaS – development, management and run applications MS Azure, RedHat OpenShift, etc. IaaS - servers on demand managed by the user Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2), OpenStack, etc.
- 18. 18 Information management ✔ Ubiquity ✔ Low cost ➔ Pay by use ✔ Scalable ✔ Updated by the provider ➔ Always updated ✗ Dependency on an Internet connection ✗ Dependency on providers ✗ Security/Privacy Cloud Computing. Pros and Cons
- 19. 19 Data visualization ➢ Applications and digital services ➢ Web, mobile, ... ➢ Control centers ➢ Traffic, railways, security, ... ➢ Electronic devices ➢ Info panels
- 20. 20 The Internet of Things (IoT) Talking objects ➢ They send tweets ➢ They send SMS ➢ They send alerts According to a set of predetermined conditions
- 21. 21 The Internet of Things (IoT) Interconnection through the Internet of computing devices embedded in mechanical or digital machines, common objects, animals or people, which are given a unique identifier and which are able to autonomously send and receive data. ➔ Interchange of small amounts of information at regular intervals or on demand. ➔ Need for low consumption. ➔ Isolated sensors/actuators supplied with bateries
- 22. 22 The Internet of Things (IoT) What does it make it possible. ✔ Affordable sensors / actuators ✔ Programmable microelectronic (SoC), cheap and efficient ✔ Low consumption devices ✔ IPv6 protocol ✔ Maturity of the radiocommunication technologies ➔ New dedicated technologies (Sigfox, LoRa, NB-IoT) ✔ Huge capacity of storage ✔ Cloud Computing ✔ Capacity of control from any digital device