The Internet of Things: What's next?
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The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT) and some of the key challenges. It notes that IoT data is multi-modal, distributed, heterogeneous, noisy and incomplete. It raises issues around data management, actuation and feedback, service descriptions, real-time analysis, and privacy and security. The document outlines research challenges around transforming raw data to actionable information, machine learning for large datasets, making data accessible and discoverable, and energy efficient data collection and communication. It emphasizes that IoT data integration requires solutions across physical, cyber and social domains.
The Internet of Things: What's next?
- 1. The Internet of Things: What’s next? 1 Payam Barnaghi Institute for Communication Systems (ICS)/ 5G Innovation Centre University of Surrey Guildford, United Kingdom
- 3. 3 AnyPlace AnyTime AnyThing Data Volume Security, Reliability, Trust and Privacy Societal Impacts, Economic Values and Viability Services and Applications Networking and Communication
- 4. 4 Sensor devices are becoming widely available - Programmable devices - Off-the-shelf gadgets/tools
- 5. Internet of Things: The story so far RFID based solutions Wireless Sensor and Actuator networks , solutions for communication technologies, energy efficiency, routing, … Smart Devices/ Web-enabled Apps/Services, initial products, vertical applications, early concepts and demos, … Motion sensor Motion sensor ECG sensor Physical-Cyber-Social Systems, Linked-data, semantics, M2M, More products, more heterogeneity, solutions for control and monitoring, … Future: Cloud, Big (IoT) Data Analytics, Interoperability, Enhanced Cellular/Wireless Com. for IoT, Real-world operational use-cases and Industry and B2B services/applications, more Standards…
- 6. Speed of light? 6 Image source: The Brain with David Eagleman, BBC
- 7. Data in the IoT − Data is collected by sensory devices and also crowd sensing resources. − It is time and location dependent. − It can be noisy and the quality can vary. − It is often continuous - streaming data. − There are several important issues such as: − Device/network management − Actuation and feedback (command and control) − Service and entity descriptions.
- 8. IoT data- challenges − Multi-modal, distributed and heterogeneous − Noisy and incomplete − Time and location dependent − Dynamic and varies in quality − Crowdsourced data can be unreliable − Requires (near-) real-time analysis − Privacy and security are important issues − Data can be biased- we need to know our data! 8 P. Barnaghi, A. Sheth, C. Henson, "From data to actionable knowledge: Big Data Challenges in the Web of Things," IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol.28 , issue.6, Dec 2013.
- 9. Device/Data interoperability 9 The slide adapted from the IoT talk given by Jan Holler of Ericsson at IoT Week 2015 in Lisbon.
- 10. 10 There are several good models and description frameworks; The problem is that having good models and developing ontologies are not enough. Semantic descriptions are intermediary solutions, not the end product. They should be transparent to the end-user and probably to the data producer as well.
- 11. Data Lifecycle 11 Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of data driven systems for building, community and city-scale applications, http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm
- 12. The old Internet timeline 12Source: Internet Society
- 13. Connectivity and information exchange was (and is ) the main motivation behind the Internet; but Content and Services are now the key elements; and all started growing rapidly by the introduction of the World Wide Web (and linked information and search and discovery services). 13
- 14. Early days of the web 14
- 15. Search on the Internet/Web in the early days 15
- 17. Protocols 17C. Bormann, A. P. Castellani, Z. Shelby, "CoAP: An Application Protocol for Billions of Tiny Internet Nodes," IEEE Internet Computing, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 62-67, Feb. 2012, doi:10.1109/MIC.2012.29
- 19. WoT/IoT over (future) communication networks WSN WSN WSN WSN WSN Network-enabled Devices Semantically annotate data 19 xG Gateway CoAP HTTP CoAP CoAP HTTP 6LowPAN Semantically annotate data http://mynet1/snodeA23/readTemp? WSN MQTT MQTT xG Gateway xG-enabled devices xG-enabled devices xG-enabled devices xG Gateway
- 20. #1: Design for large-scale and provide tools and APIs. #2: Think of who will use the data/services and how, when you design your models. #3: Provide means to update and change/update the annotations. 20
- 21. Smart data collection −Sooner or later we need to think whether we need to collect that data, how often we need to collect it and what volume. −Intelligent data Processing (selective attention and information-extraction) 21 (image source: KRISTEN NICOLE, siliconangle.com)
- 22. #4: Create tools and open APIs for validation, evaluation, and interoperability testing. #5: Consider quality of information and quality of service requirements when designing/deciding on your network and communication links. 22
- 23. #6: Link your data and descriptions to other existing resources. #7: Define rules and/or best practices for providing the values for each attribute. #8: Design or (re-)use solutions for smart data collection, processing and automated interactions. 23
- 24. Best Practices: an example (early draft) 24
- 25. Spatial Data on the Web- Best Practices (early draft) 25
- 26. #9: Design for different audience (data/service consumers, developers, providers) and think about real world applications and sustainability. #10: Specify (and encourage others to do the same) data governance and privacy procedures, explain the ownership and re-use rules, and give control to the owners of data 26
- 27. Some of the technical challenges and research directions 27
- 28. Technical (and non-technical) Challenges − Creating common models to represent, publish, and (re-)use and share IoT data. − Developing common protocols and standards, − Providing best practices, demonstrators and open portals for IoT data/services. − Provide governance, dependability, reliability, trust and security models. 28
- 29. Research challenges −Transforming raw data to actionable-information. −Machine learning and data analytics for large-scale, multi- modal and dynamic (streaming data). − Making data more accessible and discoverable. −Energy and computationally efficient data collection, communication, aggregation and abstraction (for both edge and Cloud processing). −Automated feedback and control mechanisms. 29
- 30. Research challenges (continued) −Integration and combination of Physical-Cyber-Social data. −Use of data for automated interactions and autonomous services in different domains. −Resource-aware and context-aware security, privacy and trust solutions. 30
- 31. In conclusion − IoT information engineering is different from common models of web data and/or other types of big data. − Data collection in the IoT comes at the cost of bandwidth, network, energy and other resources. − Data collection, delivery and processing is also depended on multiple layers of the network. − We need more resource-aware data analytics methods and cross-layer optimisations (Deep IoT). − The solutions should work across different systems and multiple platforms (Ecosystem of systems). − Data sources are more than physical (sensory) observation. − The IoT requires integration and processing of physical-cyber-social data. − The extracted insights and information should be converted to a feedback and/or actionable information. 31
- 32. Other challenges and topics that I didn't talk about Security Privacy Trust, resilience and reliability Noise and incomplete data Cloud and distributed computing Networks, test-beds and mobility Mobile computing Applications and use-case scenarios 32
- 33. IET sector briefing report 33 Available at: http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm