Internet of Things (IoT)
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This document provides an overview of the Internet of Things (IoT) including: 1) A definition of IoT and discussion of its vision to create a network of billions of connected devices. 2) Descriptions of the key enablers that allow IoT to function such as smart devices, communication networks, cloud computing, and sensors. 3) An outline of some of the major challenges with IoT including handling big data, security, bandwidth issues, standardization, and power consumption. 4) Examples of applications of IoT in areas like healthcare, infrastructure, automotive, and connected vehicles.
Internet of Things (IoT)
- 1. Internet of Things (IoT): Vision, Challenges, Applications, and Demonstration Ahmed Abdelgawad Central Michigan University Mt Pleasant, MI abdel1a@cmich.edu M i l e 2 0 1 8 M a r c h 6 t h , 2 0 1 8 1
- 2. Agenda • IoT Definition • IoT Vision and Enablers • IoT Architectural elements • IoT Current Challenges • IoT Applications • Demo 2
- 3. IoT Definition Internet The worldwide network of interconnected computer networks, based on a standard communication protocol (TCP/IP). Thing An object not precisely identifiable. Internet of Things (IoT) A worldwide network of interconnected objects uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocol. 3
- 4. Is IoT Even a New Thing? Depending on who you ask, IoT is either: 4 Nothing new A unicorn Magic, and will soon change everything. We’ve been doing this for 40 years Just now becoming cost effective to begin to deliver everywhere
- 5. What Are “Things” ? 5https://ibmcai.files.wordpress.com/2014/06/iot-network.jpg
- 6. Every Thing Is Connected 6http://www.sssbi.com/services/iot/
- 9. The World Will Be Connected 9https://www.rcrwireless.com/20161207/europe/arrow-electronics-inks-deal-with-vodafone-to-target-iot-tag23
- 10. Every Thing Is Smart 10http://br.fiberhomegroup.com/pt/EnterpriseShow/4048.html
- 11. IoT Vision • The vision of the IoT is to fuse the physical and digital worlds by bringing the different concepts and technical components together. • Create a seamless network of billions of wireless objects that communicate with one another. • Create a new ecosystem in which the devices can be able to direct their transport, adapt to their respective environments, self-configure, self- maintain, self-repair as necessary. 11 http://iotworm.com/biggest-challenges-for-the-internet-of-things/
- 12. IoT Evolution 12 • Started with connectivity among people for sharing information. • Led to a “flat-world” where everyone across the world is connected. • Advancement in cloud computing and immersive experience led towards universal accessibility of data. • Combination of immersive experiences, connectivity and advancement in electronics further leading to Internet of Thing (IoT) Source: Cisco
- 13. IoT Market • As of 2015, 25 billion IoT units • Expected to grow to 50 billion IoT devices by 2020 • Revenue growth from $1.9 trillion in 2013 to $7.1 trillion in 2020 13
- 14. IoT Enablers • Humans • They can act both as consumers and producers of data • Smart devices • Technological advances and reduction in the cost of manufacturing has enabled widespread adoption of smart devices • Communication Networks • Diverse method such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth LE, Zigbee, 3/4/5G are the key denominator as they make a IoT more options available to the IoT • Cloud Computing • Scaling rapidly to meet the growing demand resulting from the IoT in terms of storage and computational power 14 Communication networks Cloud Computing Humans Smart devices IoT Enablers
- 15. IoT Enablers – Smart Sensors • They are mainly input components • They sense and collect surrounding information • Basically three types: • Passive, omnidirectional (e.g. mic) • Passive, narrow-beam sensor (e.g. PIR) • Active sensors (e.g. sonar, radar, etc.) 15 http://www.nibib.nih.gov/sites/default/files/SMART-HOUSE_2_DCook.jpg Healthy Independent Living
- 17. •Smart Building • Sensor to detect strong wind or earthquake • Shock absorbers can react to minimize the damage • Building could warm other building to prepare for the event •Smart Bridge • Sensors to monitor vibrations, displacement, and temperature • If problem is detected, a warming can be sent by SMS •Smart Tunnel • Sensors to monitor humidity, displacement, and temperature • If problem is detected, appropriate maintenance can be carried out 17 www.rfwirelesssensors.com/2010/12/energy-harvesting-wireless-sensor-networks-for-smart-structures Sensors – Infrastructure Health Monitoring IoT Enablers – Smart Sensors
- 18. IoT Enablers – Embedded Processing Units • Selection Criteria • Physical size • Power management • Interface requirements • Performance requirements • Security needs • Safety and fault tolerance • Debugging capabilities • Cost • Architecture (x86, ARM, etc.,) • Feedback required 18
- 19. IoT Enablers – Communications 19
- 20. IoT Enablers – Communications • Each protocol is targeted at different types of applications. • In addition to these protocols, there are also a number of different license-free frequencies, such as 900 MHz, 2.4 GHz and 5.8 Ghz, used as the carriers for these signals. • Each frequency has its advantages and challenges regarding distance and bandwidth 20http://www.embedur.com/blogsandnews/Is-80211ah-a-contender-for-low-power-IoT.html Current Wireless Landscape
- 21. IoT Enablers – Services – IoT & M2M • Code Generator with scalable, fault-tolerant environment for running and managing code snippets. • Several APIs available to interface with diverse range of devices and applications • Arduino Yun & Arduino Uno • TI CC3200 • Facebook • Twitter • Gmail • Google Sheets • Can interface with databases and devices to create custom processes 21 https://temboo.com/arduino/yun/yun-and-temboo https://temboo.com/platform
- 22. IoT Enablers – Services – IoT & M2M • Code Generator with scalable, fault- tolerant environment for running and managing code snippets • Dynamic collaboration & system administration • Has connectivity to broad range of services and devices • Business Enterprise Systems (Oracle, SAP) • Memory intensive computational devices (Raspberry Pi, Intel Edison) • Big Data Analytics 22 http://www.slideshare.net/marklittlewood/thingworx ThingsPeople IoT Device Clouds Cloud Services Business Services M2M Device Clouds
- 23. IoT Architecture 23 • Sensing • Connectivity • Gateways • Processing • Software
- 24. • A full 90% of all the data in the world has been generated over the last two years. • Sources • Physical Environment • Smartphones & wearables • Online presence 24 IoT Challenges – Big Data http://www.slideshare.net/bjorna/big-data-in-oil-and-gas
- 25. 25 IoT Challenges – Big Data
- 26. • It is estimated by IDC, that by 2020 the Data will reach 45 Zettabytes (ZB). • By 2020, there will be 5,200 GB of data for every person on Earth. • By 2020, 40% of all data will come from sensors. 26 http://blog.datasift.com/2014/10/08/resolving-the-big-data-paradox/ 1024 Terrabytes = 1 Petabyte 1024 Petabytes = 1 Exabyte 1024 Exabytes = 1 Zettabyte IoT Challenges – Big Data
- 27. IoT Challenges – Big Data • Data privacy, governance, and compliance issues • Data complexity • Defining what Big data is and how can it help the business • Integrating legacy system with big data technology • Lack of big data skills (internally, or ability to hire) • The cost of big data tools 27 https://jaxenter.com/actian-112215.html
- 28. IoT Challenges - Security • Usable Security • How do we make security solutions usable, scalable, manageable and non-intrusive? • Privacy • How we do we make users feel comfortable using network services? • Infrastructure & Service Protection • Technical security solutions for the networked society’s “threat landscape” 28 www.pubnub.com/blog/2015-05-04-10-challenges-securing-iot-communications-iot-security/
- 29. IoT Challenges - Security 29
- 30. IoT Challenges – Bandwidth & Power Consumption • International bandwidth availability has soared • From 1.4 Tbps in 2002, it steadily climbed to 6.7 Tbps in 2006 and has now reached 92.1 Tbps. • TeleGeography expects that number to hit 606.6 Tbps in 2018 and 1,103.3 Tbps in 2020. 30 https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/736x/eb/40/75/eb407570898b1a26b31f0a7cebf75b62.jpg http://cdn.arstechnica.net/2012/04/27/used_intl_bw_for_ars_technica-4f9a9cf-intro.png
- 31. IoT Challenges – Standardization 31http://www.innovationtoronto.com/2015/01/f-t-c-says-internet-connected-devices-pose-big-risks/
- 33. IoT Applications – Health Care 33https://www.pinterest.com/pin/470837336021114166
- 34. IoT Applications - Infrastructure 34 • Improving infrastructure • Creating more efficient and cost effective municipal services • Enhancing public transportation • Reducing traffic congestion • Keeping citizens safe and more engaged in the community. http://evonexus.org/events/entrepreneurial-opportunities-in-iot/ http://evonexus.org/events/entrepreneurial-opportunities-in-iot/
- 35. IoT Applications - Automotive • Having cars connected to the Internet is changing the way people drive, order, and service their cars and how passengers enjoy the ride. • These consumer-oriented IoT applications range from practical to entertaining. • IoT is being used to improve automotive manufacturing processes and customer service. • IoT can also be used to customize the production of cars and minimize new vehicle delivery times. 35 http://blog.magicsoftware.com/2015/12/iot-and-automotive-industry.html http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/f88748/internet-of-things-applications/
- 36. IoT Applications – Connected Vehicles Three ways to connect: 1) Vehicle-to-vehicle: ◦ For Crash avoidance ◦ Broadcast your vehicle speed etc to other vehicles 2) Vehicle-to-infrastructure: ◦ Incident detection ◦ Weather/ice detection 3) Infrastructure-to-vehicle ◦ Broadcast traffic signal timing ◦ Dynamic re-routing 36
- 37. Recent Work – Wearables for Healthcare 37 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000 -0.5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Time (s) G-Force(g) X-axis Y-axis Z-axis A low-power prototype system built for preliminary testing Voltage – 3.3 V Current drawn – 15 mA Applications Encourage movement via motion detection Physical Activity recognition Fall Detection Next Steps Monitor patients at home using live video and audio streaming Set intelligent emergency notifications sent to a physician or family Charts and diagram visualization based on data collected from health monitoring devices
- 38. 38 Recent Work – Structural Health Monitoring ADC DAC Buffer ADCBuffer Micro- controller Cloud Server Piezo Transducer Rationale Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) enables engineers to improve the safety and maintainability of critical structures. SHM combines multiple sensing technologies with an embedded measurement controller to capture, log, and analyze real-time data. Applications Detecting the existence of the damage on the structure Locating the damage Next Steps Identifying the types of damage Quantifying the severity of the damage
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