Week 8 - Module 19 - PPT- Internet of Things for Libraries.pdf
- 1. Internet of Things for Libraries Dr. Parveen Babbar Deputy Librarian, JNU Email: parveenbabbar@gmail.com
- 2. Internet of Things (IoT) • Internet of Things is a system of interrelated computing devices or objects which have the ability to transfer the data over a network without requiring any human to human or human to computer interaction uniquely addressable, based on standard communication protocol. • It is a giant network of connected things, capturing the data about the way they are used and the environment around them. • When we speak about the “Things” in IoT, these are objects not precisely identifiable. • The sensors are used in the devices and objects and these feed the data to various IoT platforms. • Further, IoT platforms are used to gather the pinpointed information, detect patterns. • Thus, with the above process the IoT helps the organizations and institutions in reducing the cost through improved processes efficiency, asset utilization and productivity. Source: IBM, What is the Internet of Things? https://www.ibm.com/blogs/internet-of-things/what-is-the-iot/
- 3. Different Names of IoT • Internet of Everything • Smarter Planet • Machine to Machine (M2M) • The Fog • Tsensors (Trillion Sensors) • The Industrial Internet • Industry 4.0 • Internet of Things (IoT)
- 4. Reasons of IoT Data deluge : The explosion of the amount of data collected and exchanged is one of the major reason why IoT came in existence. Forecasts indicate that in the year 2015 more than 220 Exabytes of data are stored. So we need novel mechanisms to find, fetch, and transmit data. There is decrease in energy required to operate intelligent devices. The search will be for a zero level of entropy where the device or system will have to harvest its own energy. Miniaturization of devices: the devices are becoming increasingly smaller. Autonomic management: the devices/systems of future will have self-management, self-healing, and self-configuration capabilities. IPv6 as an integration layer: allows to exploit the potential of IPv6 and related standards. Source: Tata Consultancy Services. http://gisfi.org/pdf/june_21_23_10/Internet_of_Things.ppt
- 5. Internet of Things Enablers • Energy • Intelligence • Communication • Integration • Interoperability • Standards Source: Tata Consultancy Services. http://gisfi.org/pdf/june_21_23_10/Internet_of_Things.ppt Image Source: The Internet of Things, 2012, New Horizons, Edited by: Ian G Smith, Technical Editors: Ovidiu Vermesan Peter Friess Anthony Furness http://www.internet-of- things-research.eu/pdf/IERC_Cluster_Book_2012_WEB.pdf
- 6. IoT • Internet for Devices • Internet for M2M communication • Internet for Non Human
- 7. Threat vs. Opportunity • If misunderstood and misconfigured, IoT poses risk to our data, privacy, and safety. • If understood and secured, IoT will enhance communications, lifestyle, and delivery of services.
- 8. How are the networks changing? • Extensions – More nodes, more connections – Any TIME, Any PLACE + Any THING – M2M, IoT • Billions of interconnected devices, • Everybody is connected. • Expansions – Broadband – LTE, 5G • Enhancements – Smart networks – Data-centric and content-oriented networking – Context-aware (autonomous) systems Source: University of Surrey. IoT, http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/P.Barnaghi/teaching/EEEM048/2015/EEEM048_Lecture1_Introduction.ppt
- 9. Technology Trend Re -Source: university of Surrey. IoT, http://personal.ee.surrey.ac.uk/Personal/P.Barnaghi/teaching/EEEM048/2015/EEEM048_Lecture1_Introduction.ppt
- 10. Architectural Trends • The following issues are important for IoT standardization Designing Web Services Designing Messaging Services Designing Common Data Exchange Formats Using Internet Protocol Layers or an IP proxy layer • The architectural framework needs to incorporate all the desired aspects such as scalability, flexibility, adaptability etc. • The components, and interfaces for various building blocks such as device interfaces, data formats, networking standards and protocols, service platforms and application interfaces are to be defined in IoT standards. Source: Tata Consultancy Services. http://gisfi.org/pdf/june_21_23_10/Internet_of_Things.ppt
- 11. Data Lifecycle Source: The IET Technical Report, Digital Technology Adoption in the Smart Built Environment: Challenges and opportunities of data driven systems for building, community and city-scale applications, http://www.theiet.org/sectors/built-environment/resources/digital-technology.cfm Stage-1 Data Collection Context- metadata, ID, location, time Validation – format, range, source Verification –accuracy, consistency, integrity Stage-2 Data Analytics Compute- Store, index, aggregate, structure Correlate- benchmark, profile, informed decision Compliance- quality, control, governance, skills/competence Stage-3 Data Use/ Reuse Own use/sharing – trust, access, value Action- interface, visualization, application Secondary use- risks/precaution, rights/ licenses Interaction/ Feedback/ Control
- 12. • Sensors: – They are mainly input components – They sense and collect surrounding information – Basically three types: • Passive, omnidirectional (e.g. mic) • Passive, narrow-beam sensor (e.g. PIR) • Active sensors (e.g. sonar, radar, etc.) • Actuators: – They are mainly output components – They alter the surrounding. – Some examples: • Adding lighting, heat, sound, etc. • Controlling motors to move objects • Displaying messages • and others… Sensors & Actuators
- 13. • We can turn almost every object into a “thing”. • A “thing” still looks much like an embedded system currently. • A “thing” generally consists of four main parts: – Sensors & actuators – Microcontroller – Communication unit – Power supply • A “thing” has the following properties: – It’s usually powered by battery. This implies limited source of energy. – It’s generally small in size and low in cost. This limits their computing capability. – It doesn’t usually perform complicated tasks. • Power consumption is the main design issue. Things
- 14. • A “thing” always feature communications for “team working” • The Role of Communications – Providing a data link between two nodes • Communication type: – Wireline (e.g. copper wires, optical fibers) – Wireless (e.g. RF, IR). RF-based communication is the most popular choice (and also our focus) • Popular RF-based communication solutions: – IEEE 802.15.4 – IEEE 802.11 (or Wi-Fi) – Bluetooth – Near Field Communication (NFC), e.g. RFID Communications
- 15. • The Roles of Networks – Managing nodes (discovery, join, leave, etc). – Relaying data packets from the source to the destination node in the network. • Networks are a distributed system. All nodes need to perform networking related tasks. • RF-based Network in IoT is usually a Wireless Multi-hop Network. – Wireless Sensor Networks – Mobile Wireless Ad hoc Networks – Wireless Mesh Networks – Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks – and many others... • Main concern: Reliability & Performance Networks
- 16. • The Internet serves as a wide area networking for a local network. • The Internet uses TCP/IP. This implies that things must also support TCP/IP. • Gateway (or sink) The Internet The Internet Gateway Data link Network
- 17. IoT Protocol Stacks Source: LOGANATHAN V, Welcome to the Workshop on IoT & Cloud Computing the Coexistence . Available at https://slideplayer.com/slide/13103760/ and http://www.ismuniv.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/coexistance.ppt IoT Stack Web Stack TCP/IP Model IoT Applications and Device Management Web Applications Data Format Binary, JSON, CBOR HTML, XML, JSON Application Layer CoAP, MQTT, XMPP,AMQP HTTP, DHCP, DNS, TLS/SSL Transport Layer UDP, DTLS TCP, UCP Internet Layer IPv6/IP Routing and 6LoWPAN IPv6, IPv4, IPSec Network Layer IEEE 802.15.4 MAC, IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/ Physical Radio Ethernet (IEEE 802.3), DSL, ISDN, Wireless LAN (IEEE 802.11), Wi-Fi
- 18. Protocol Stack Network (IP) IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC TCP/UDP Application Network (IP) IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC TCP/UDP Application IEEE 802.15.4 PHY/MAC Network (IP) IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) Network (IP) IEEE 802.3 (Ethernet) TCP/UDP Application Wireless Medium The Internet Thing Thing Gateway Server
- 19. Enabling Technologies: Wireless technologies Latency ~2.5 ms ~20 ms Peak Current ~ 12.5 mA ~ 40 mA Data Rate ~305 kbps ~100 kbps Power Efficiency ~0.153 μW/bit ~185.9 μW/bit Range 280 m 100 m Network Topology Star Network Mesh Network Source: http://ftp.onem2m.org/Meetings/TP/2015%20meetings/20150720_TP18_Philadelphia/TP-2015-0764-ITU-T_presentation_to_oneM2M_SC27.PPT
- 20. System Models and Applications of IoT Applications: Smart Cities, Smart Homes, Smart Libraries, Healthcare, Smart Grid Physical-Cyber-Social Systems Machine-to-machine communications System Models and Standards
- 21. IoT Architecture • “Physical” components / capabilities – Sensors / Actuators – Compute, store, communicate data • Additional “logical” Components – Security and dependability composition – Time bound composition – Cross-ownership service composition – Policy negotiation and governance – Federated orchestration • Objectives – Predictable scalability, stability, correctness, time-to-complete Source: Rudra Datta, NCSU . Available at http://dutta.csc.ncsu.edu/iot_spring17/wrap/architecture.ppt
- 22. IoT Threats • Default, weak, and hardcoded credentials • Firmware and OS are difficult to update • Lack of vendor support for repairing vulnerabilities • Web interface vulnerability • Open ports can be vulnerable • Error in Coding • Distributed Denial-of-Service • Physical theft and tampering Source: Christopher Giles, Governance Risk Compliance Specialist, The Internet of Things (IoT) Security Considerations for Higher Education. https://www.utdallas.edu/infosecurity/files/IoT-by-UT-Dallas-022416.pptx
- 23. IoT Data-Challenges • Multi-modal and diverse • Noisy and unfinished • Dependent on Time and Location • Dynamic and varies in quality • Crowed sourced data can be unreliable • Requires real-time analysis • Privacy and security • Data can be biased
- 24. IoT Governance, Privacy and Security Challenges • The IoT’s diversity in devices, services and protocols, present challenges unseen and unprecedented in the modern communication • Governance and Privacy Concerns • Security Challenges • Autonomy • Computational Constraints • Discovery • Trust Relationships • It does not have any international compatibility standard. • It can be highly complex resulting in failure. • Reduced safety for users. • Internet of Things device may take control of life in due course of time with increasing AI technology. Source: Kizza , Chapter 24: Internet of Things (IoT): Growth, Challenges and Security: Guide to Computer Network Security https://www.utc.edu/faculty/joseph-kizza/docs/guide4notes/chapter24.ppt
- 25. IoT in Libraries • Data of Social Media used in Libraries • E-platforms like e-resources subscriptions used by the users • Devices used by the users like laptops, tablets, smartphones, scanners, printers etc. • Library gate can be enabled with high-end sensors and are providers of IoT • IoT, online connectivity to the membership counters • Catalogues and OPACs are the potential IoTs for the libraries • Fire detection and prevention devices are also potential IoTs of the libraries • Mobile Apps and Mobile Referencing are based on IoTs • Tracking movement of Resources and Inventory in Libraries • Assistive Technologies used in Libraries • Virtual and Digital Libraries are based on IoTs
- 26. Potential Areas of IoT in Libraries • Library automation software – LMS • Library management tools – all the applications • Digitisation technology – digital libraries and virtual platforms • Tools for search- Discovery and Federated Search provided • Access to e-resources and publisher content • Preservation and Digitization platforms • Internet and Wi-Fi of Libraries • Library websites and other electronic marketing tools, including social media • Mobile Applications used by Libraries • Other digital means of communications like SMS, emails etc Source: Bansal, Alka; Arora, Dipti; and Suri, Alka, "Internet of Things: Beginning of New Era for Libraries" (2018). Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal). 2081. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/2081
- 27. Conclusion • Libraries are now using Magic Mirror consisting of camera, sensor with Wi-Fi enabled provides interaction between people and computers to record the data of the users • Pressure pad sensor consisting of a thin sheet sensor pad enabled with Wi-Fi technology is connected to processing unit which records and controls the systems and users activities. • Cloud based applications are also used by the libraries which are attached to IoT apps • Mobile apps are now used to have the virtual tour of the library on their mobile devices thus can be based on IoT • Online mobile apps are used to keep and track the availability of the book on the respective shelves or check the other resource availability despite the location wherever they are. These are also connected to IoTs to provide the data. • Smart books, gaming, augmented reality, and object-based learning are have potential for IoTs in Libraries. Source: Ashwini Nag1 and Dr. Khaiser Nikam. Internet Of Things Applications In Academic Libraries. International Journal of Information Technology and Library Science. ISSN 2349-235X Volume 5, Number 1 (2016), pp. 1-7. https://www.ripublication.com/ijitls16/ijitlsv5n1_01.pdf
- 28. THANK YOU