Internet of Things
- 1. Internet of Things (IoT) Dr.P.Karthikeyan Associate Professor Department of Information Technology Thiagarajar College of Engineering Madurai - 625 015
- 2. Google Trends - World
- 3. Google Trends - India
- 4. Internet of Things Courtesy: Giacomo Morabito et al., 2010, The Internet of things: A survey, Computer Networks, Vol.54, pp.2787 – 2805
- 5. A global infrastructure for the information society, enabling advanced services by interconnecting (physical and virtual) things based on existing and evolving interoperable information and communication technologies. -ITU 2005 Machine to Machine (M2M) communications is the communication between two or more entities that do not necessarily need any direct human intervention. M2M services intend to automate decision and communication processes - ETSI 2010 IoT Definitions - Standard Organizations
- 6. The basic idea is that IoT will connect objects around us (electronic, electrical, non-electrical) to provide seamless communication and contextual services provided by them. Development of RFID tags, sensors, actuators, mobile phones make it possible to materialize IoT which interact and cooperate each other to make the service better and accessible anytime, from anywhere. -IETF 2010 A network of items - each embedded with sensors - which are connected to the Internet - IEEE 2014 IoT Definitions - Standard Organizations
- 7. Cyber physical systems (CPS) – sometimes referred to as the Internet of Things (IoT) – involves connecting smart devices and systems in diverse sectors like transportation, energy, manufacturing and healthcare in fundamentally new ways. Smart Cities/Communities are increasingly adopting CPS/IoT technologies to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of their operation and improve the quality of life. - NIST 2014 System where the Internet is connected to the physical world via ubiquitous sensors - OASIS 2014 IoT Definitions - Standard Organizations
- 8. Applications Courtesy: Giacomo Morabito et al., 2010, The Internet of things: A survey, Computer Networks, Vol.54, pp.2787 – 2805
- 10. About Web • Internet - Interconnection of networks (Infrastructure) • Web is a part of Internet • Access information through Internet • Web is an interconnected documents Web 1.0 • Information portal/ static HTML sites • Consumer follow the links, Keyword based search • Technical – HTML – frameset, marquee, blink Web 2.0 • User specific content (read & write) management • Technical – Rich Internet App (RIA), SOA, Social Web • Ajax, Adobe Flex, XML, RSS etc Courtesy: https://www.slideshare.net/ghazalhina/detail-history-of-web-10-to-30
- 11. Quiz Find the irrelevant item from the following 1. Wikipedia 2. You Tube 3. University Website 4. Face Book Answer: 3
- 12. Quiz Find the relevant items with Web 2.0 1. University Website 2. Wikipedia 3. Face Book 4. Linked In Answer: 2, 3, 4
- 13. Quiz Find the terminology matching with Web 3.0 1. Intelligent search 2. Semantic Web 3. Advanced Search 4. Explore Answer: 1, 2
- 14. Web 3.0 • More interactive than Web 2.0 • More connected & intelligent • Ubiquitous – available anytime, anywhere and any channel or device • Individualized – Filtered and shared by friends (trusted network) • Efficient – relevant and contextual • Semantic web – machine readable/understandable – Linked with other data objects (hyper data) – OWL (Web Ontology Language) – Challenge - Security issues https://www.slideshare.net/tokey_sport/web-10-web-20-web-30-29507092
- 15. Web of Things (WoT) Using web technologies to harness the potential of the IoT together with the Semantic Web to enable an open ecosystem of services -by Dave Ragget, W3C 2013 • WoT is a subset of IoT • WoT provide solutions for fast prototyping, data integration and interaction with objects • Semantic Web
- 16. WoT Architecture Courtesy: Dieter Uckelmann, Mark Harrison, Florian Michahelles, Architecting the Internet of Things, Springer, 2011
- 17. Web 3.0 view WoT Example – Car break down due to wheel puncture • When you find the nearby vulcanizing centre through web, – The search result will give a list of vulcanizing centres and their address, phone number • Based on your earlier search history or based on the search context, the browser also – List few coffee shops and restaurants based on the time & location – List petrol bulk, four wheeler workshop and automobile shop – Show free oil service/price concession advertisements
- 18. Web 3.0 view IoT (Smart Car) Example – Getting car wheel puncture – Get notifications to your phone to inform this issue – Show the gas pressure level of the wheel – Give a notifications to stop/slow down the car – Show nearby vulcanizing centre and the owners phone number based on your location – Send a message to the tyre/tube manufacturing company – Send a message to the highway toll plaza – List few coffee shops and restaurants based on the time & location – List petrol bulk, four wheeler workshop and automobile shop – Show free oil service/price concession advertisements
- 19. From the video shown, • List the devices – Mobile Phones, Tablets, Sensors etc • List the communication technologies – WiFi, Bluetooth, GSM, etc • List the storage & Processing component – Device Memory, Cloud, Server • List the applications – Smart Home, Office/Home Scheduling, Safety, Smart Agriculture, Health monitoring etc
- 20. IoT Architecture Donghee Shin, A socio-technical framework for Internet-of-Things design: A human-centered design for the Internet of Things, Tele and Info, 2014 Application Layer • After analyzing and processing the sensing data, this application layer uses the data to provide users with a variety of different types of services. • IoT applications can be divided into network monitoring, control type, scanning type, etc. • Support technologies, such as network security, fault-tolerant mechanism and quality control throughout all levels, to provide application support. Information Processing Layer • Realizes the reasoning and semantic understanding of sensing data • Provides data query, storage, analysis, mining, etc. • Cloud computing could provide a good platform for sensing data storage and analysis. Resource Mgmt. Layer • Initialization of resources, monitoring the operation status of resources, • Coordination of work between various resources, • Achieve cross domain interactions between resources. Networking Layer • Responsible for - networks integration, such as the Internet, Mobile Communications Network, and Broadcast Television Network. • Provide routing, format conversion, address conversion, etc. Sensing and Control Layer • RFID readers, smart sensor nodes and access gateways, etc. • A variety of sensor nodes sense the relevant information of the target environment • Pass it to the nearest gateway, then gateways submit their data.
- 22. IoT Architecture Qingping Chi, Hairong Yan, Chuan Zhang, Zhibo Pang, and Li Da Xu, A Reconfigurable Smart Sensor Interface for Industrial WSN in IoT Environment, IEEE Trans Indust Infor, 2014
- 23. Social IoT Architeture Luigi Atzori a, Antonio Iera b, Giacomo Morabito c,⇑, Michele Nitti, SIoT, Comp Net, 2012
- 24. IoT – Reference Architecture 24http://wso2.com/whitepapers/a-reference-architecture-for-the-internet-of-things/
- 25. SOA – based Arch for IoT Middleware • Object Abstraction – A procedure to access the heterogeneous objects through a common language • Service Management – service repository, object dynamic discovery, status monitoring, service configuration, functions for each object • Service Composition – networked objects for a service specific to the application Courtesy: Giacomo Morabito et al., 2010, The Internet of things: A survey, Computer Networks, Vol.54, pp.2787 – 2805
- 26. IoT Infrastructure – 3 Domains Jiong Jin, Jayavardhana Gubbi, Slaven Marusic, and Marimuthu Palaniswami, An Information Framework for Creating a Smart City Through Internet of Things, IEEE IoT, 2014
- 27. IoT Architecture - Application Specific (For disabilities) Mari Carmen Domingo , An overview of IoT for disabilities, JNCA, 2012
- 28. Major Components of IoT • Control Unit • Sensors • Power sources • Wireless Communication technologies – RFID – Bluetooth – ZigBee – WiFi – RF Links – Cellular Networks • Wired Communication technology – Ethernet
- 29. Control Unit • Integrated Circuit (IC) chip • Processor core, memory, programmable input and output peripherals • GPIO – general purpose IO pins • Inputs – sensors • Outputs – LEDs, relays switches, motors • Communication with modems, other modules • ADC – Analog to Digital converter • Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 30. Sensors • Used for measure a physical quantity (temperature, humidity) and convert into signal • Connect with the input pin of the IC • Two types of sensors – Analog - produce voltage signals – Digital – discrete signal (binary) – states like logic gates 0 or 1 Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 31. Power Sources • Electronic devise – Two points – Voltage input point (Vin or Vcc) – Ground • Power by battery, thermocouples, solar cells • Batteries – electrochemical component – Convert chemical power into electrical generating direct current (DC) • Wearable devices - Small light weight Batteries (330mg & 3.6V) • Battery Capacity – Watt per hour (Wh)/ Ampere per hour (Ah) Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 32. Communication Technologies • ‘Things’ connected with internet need to communicate with each other for – Exchange sensor output – Triggers – Status messages • Wireless – RFID, Bluetooth, WiFi, RF links, Cellular Networks • Wired – Ethernet
- 33. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) • Tracking objects • Small electronic chip (tag) • Asset tracking (parcel) • Identifying objects (toll) • Three category – active, passive and battery assisted passive (BAP) • Passive tags – Powered and activated by the reader – Transmit – small amount of information (ID number) • Active tags – own power, broadcast data continuously • BAP – hybrid – own power but activate through reader • Antenna and module – working with radio communication Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 34. Bluetooth • Exchange data – short distances (2400 -2480 MHz) • Creating PAN • Low power consumption technique • Devices are communicate without line of sight – Essential for sensor network deployment • No direct connectivity to Internet • Through intermediate node – Internet Connectivity Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 35. ZigBee • Recently popular device – Home automation • Design - Low cost, low power, M2M networks • Operate unlicensed bands – 2.4GHz, 900MHz, 868MHz • Power consumption 50mA • Max. Data rate 250kbps • Coverage - 100 m to 1Km – Depends on output power • Need gateway for internet connection Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 36. Wi-Fi • IEEE 802.11x standard • Easy to establish connection • More power is required than the others RF Links • RF interface • Cheap and small • Cover 100m – 1Km • Connect with IC via serial port • Low data rate • Need gateway to connect Internet Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 37. Networks • Cellular Networks – Mobile broadband network – High data rates than the other – High coverage – GPRS, 3G, Wi-Max and LTE – Complexity of protocol – information coding – High power consumption during low signal • Wired Networks – Ethernet Courtesy: Wikipedia, google
- 38. Protocols • Standard IEEE 802.15.4 • BACNet Protocol • KNX • Modbus • DTLS • CoAP
- 39. IEEE 802.15.4 • Physical and Medium Access Control Layer • Low Rate WPAN (LR-WPAN) • Basis for Zigbee • Used in 6LoWPAN • Low cost, low speed communication, low power consumption • Opposite of WiFi technology • 10 Meter communications • Datarate 250 Kbit/s • CSMA/CA, support secure communication • Power management - link quality, energy detection • Frequency band – 2400 – 2483.5 MHz Courtesy: Wikipedia
- 40. BACNet Protocol • Building Automation and Control networks • Network Layer level • Designed to allow communication and control systems • Heating, Ventilating, Air-conditioning, light, fire detection • Exchange information for building service • Maximize building energy efficiency, indoor air quality, Green building Courtesy: Wikipedia
- 41. BACNet Protocol • Protocol services – Who Is – I Am – Who Has – I Have • Device and Object discovery • Services - Read & Write property • Totally 54 Objects (Analog Input, Analog Output, Analog Value, Binary Input, Binary Output, Binary Value, MultiState, Input, MultiState, Output, Calendar, EventEnrollment, File, NotificationClass, Group, Loop, Program, Schedule, Command, and Device etc) Courtesy: Wikipedia
- 42. KNX • KNX is network communication protocol • European Home Systems (EHS), European Installation Bus (EIB) • All physical media – wiring (EIB), radio(KNX-RF), Infrared, Ethernet (EIBNet/IP or KNXnet/IP • Controlled by any 8bit microcontroller to PC • KNX system components – Sensors (push buttons, movement, temperature, wind) – Actuators (dimming units, electrical heating valves, displays) – System devices (line – couplers) • Three categories of devices – Automatic, Easy, System-modes Courtesy: Wikipedia
- 43. Modbus • Serial communication protocol • Designed for connecting industrial electronic devices • Reasons – Openly published & royalty free – Easy to deploy and maintain – Moves raw bits or words without placing many restrictions • Connect 247 devices • Acting as a remote terminal unit (RTU) • supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems Courtesy: Wikipedia
- 44. Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS) • Provides communication security for datagram protocol • Stream oriented transport layer security • Prevent – eves dropping, tampering, message forgery • Deal with packet reordering, loss of datagram Courtesy: Wikipedia
- 45. Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) • Software protocol – application layer level • Used to connect small devices with internet • Easily translated to HTTP for simplified integration with the web • Multicast support, low over head, simplicity • It run all UDP supported devices • Group communication • URI support • Support for discovery of resources Courtesy: Wikipedia
- 46. Cloud of Things (CoT)
- 47. Cloud of Things (CoT) • Cloud – For shared infrastructure, computation platform, Software • IaaS, PaaS and SaaS • Cloud of things is a superset of Internet of things • Additional Services in CoT – TaaS (Things as a Service) – DaaS (Data as a Service) – SAaaS (Sensing and Actuation as a Service) https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/44534771/Enabling_the_Cloud_of_Things20160408-13797- 45dmz5.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3A&Expires=1504592562&Signature=nNONWq48NGUZBUMOYTDlvta8%2BZU%3 D&response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DEnabling_the_Cloud_of_Things.pdf
- 48. Cloud of Things (CoT) Implementation through C6 • Connectivity: connection between the devices (For mobile and constrained objects) • Content: Huge data from various sources • Cloud: Storage and Service • Context: Provide solutions/Performance based on the context • Collaboration: Communication between the things, sharing services • Cognition: Knowledge mining (Intelligence) from the Big data and adjust automatically for improving the system Courtesy: Dieter Uckelmann, Mark Harrison, Florian Michahelles, Architecting the Internet of Things, Springer, 2011
- 50. Thanks Expecting your feedback, comments