Android Introduction
- 2. Mobile operating system (Mobile OS) is the operating system that controls a smart phone, tablet, personal digital assistant (PDA) or other mobile device. Modern mobile OSs are enabled with touch screen, cellular, Blue tooth, WiFi, GPS, camera, video camera, speech recognition, voice recorder, music player, near field communication, PDA etc. Introduction Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 3. Multitasking system – ability to run multiple applications simultaneously, respond to asynchronous events Memory protection – secure environment for running applications without compromising user privacy and data security Power conscious Extensible – can run third party applications Support for wide variety of communication channels Characteristics of Mobile Operating System Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 4. Symbian Blackberry iOS Windows Mobile Palm (Garnet) Android etc. Current Mobile Operating Systems Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 7. Procured and developed by Google, based on Linux OS, promoted by Open Handset Alliance (OHA) Multitasking Dalvik VM for running applications Java development using Android class libraries Limited native development support in C/C++ • GSM/EDGE, CDMA, EV-DO, UMTS, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi support • H.263, H.264 (3GP/MP4), MPEG-4 SP, AMR, AMR-WB (3GP), AAC, HE-AAC (MP4/3GP), MP3, MIDI, OGG Vorbis, WAV, JPEG, PNG, GIF, BMP • Touch-screen, GPS, accelerometer, magnetometer, accelerated 2D and 3D graphics (OpenGL ES 1.0) • SQLite for data storage Android Highlights Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 9. Applications • Web Browser (WebKit based) • E-mail client (can talk to gmail) • SMS management application • PIM suite – Calendar and contact list (tightly integrated to Google’s online services) • Full featured mobile Google maps application • An Instant Messaging client • A music player and picture viewer Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 11. Application Framework • Software framework that is used to develop a standard structure of an application • Classes that are used to create Android applications • Provides generic abstraction for accessing hardware, managing the user interface and application resources Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 13. Libraries • Written in C/C++ called using Java interface • Libraries include Surface Manager (for composing windows) FreeType – Support for bitmap and vector font rendering 2D and 3D graphics (Scalable Graphics Library and OpenGL) Media Codecs like MP3 and MPEG-4 SQL database – SQLite Web browser engine WebKit libc – standard c library optimized for Linux based embedded devices SSL – Support for using Secure Socket Layer Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 14. Android Runtime • Core Libraries (Core Java packages that are used to create applications) Google’s Android specific packages Currently closed source – Google has committed to make it open-source Java packages that are part of Java Standard Edition 5 specification Google gets them from Apache Harmony project Licensed under Apache Software Foundation License Version 2 • Dalvik Virtual Machine Interpreter optimized for low-power and low-memory devices Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 16. Dalvik Virtual Machine • Dalvik is the runtime that runs user-space Android applications • Runs Dalvik byte-code instructions (not java byte-code) • Each Android application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik Virtual Machine • Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple Virtual Machines efficiently Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 17. • Dalvik Virtual machine Executes the Dalvik Executable (dex) format .dex format is optimized for minimal memory print compilation Relies on Linux kernel for Threading Low-level memory management Dalvik Virtual Machine (Continued) Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 18. Android Application Development Tools Java Eclipse http://www.eclipse.org/downloads/ Android SDK http://developer.android.com/sdk/index.html ADT Plug-in for Eclipse http://developer.android.com/sdk/eclipse-adt.html (OR) Android Studio https://developer.android.com/studio/ Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 19. Platform Code Name Level Android 1.0 Base 1 Android 1.1 Base 11 2 Android 1.5 Cupcake 3 Android 1.6 Donut 4 Android 2.0 Eclair 5 Android 2.0.1 Eclair 01 6 Android 2.1 Eclair MR1 7 Android 2.2 Froyo 8 Android 2.3 - 2.3.2 Ginger Bread 9 Android 2.3.3 - 2.3.7 Ginger Bread MR1 10 Android 3.0 Honeycomb 11 Android 3.1 Honeycomb MR1 12 Android 3.2 Honeycomb MR2 13 Android 4.0 – 4.0.2 Ice Cream Sandwich 14 Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sandwich MR1 15 Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 20. Platform Code Name Level Android 4.1 Jelly Bean 16 Android 4.2 Jelly Bean 17 Android 4.3 Jelly Bean 18 Android 4.4 KitKat 19 Android 5.0 Lollipop 21 Android 5.1 Lollipop 22 Android 6.0 Marshmallow 23 Android 7.0 Nougat 24 Android 8.0 Oreo 26 Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 23. • android: contains the resource classes used by standard Android applications. • android.content: contains classes for accessing and publishing data on the device. • android.database.sqlite: contains the SQLite database management classes that an application would use to manage its own private database. • android.graphics: provides low level graphics tools such as canvases, color filters, points, and rectangles that let you handle drawing to the screen directly. • android.location: classes defining Android location-based and related services. • android.media: provides classes that manage various media interfaces in audio and video. • android.net: classes that help with network access, beyond the normal java.net.* APIs. Some important APIs Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT
- 24. • android.telephony: provides APIs for monitoring the basic phone information, such as the network type and connection state, plus utilities for manipulating phone number strings. • android.util: provides common utility methods such as date/time manipulation, base64 encoders and decoders, string and number conversion methods, and XML utilities. • android.view: provides classes that expose basic user interface classes that handle screen layout and interaction with the user. • android.webkit: provides tools for browsing the web. • android.widget: widget package contains (mostly visual) UI elements to use on application screen. Dr.P.Karthikeyan-IT