Smart Home Automation Based On 555 Timer
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This document presents a smart home automation system utilizing a 555 timer, designed to control lights and fan speed based on occupancy and room temperature without the need for programming. The system employs a PIR sensor to detect people entering the room and a thermistor to manage fan speed according to temperature changes. It highlights advantages such as cost-effectiveness and simplicity, making it suitable for various household applications.
![Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, ( Part -7) may2016, pp.77-80
www.ijera.com 77 | P a g e
Smart Home Automation Based On 555 Timer
Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota*, Vamsi Bharadwaj Reddy Chinta**
*(Department of electronics and communication engineering, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam ,INDIA
** (Department of electronics and communication engineering , GITAM University,visakhapatnam, INDIA
ABSTRACT
Technology is growing rapidly and gone are the days when we had to wake up in the middle of the night to
adjust our fan speed or times when we had to turn on the light each time we walk into a room and turn them off
whenever we walk out. These works are no longer done by humans instead performed by machines through
automation, which is one of the popular trends in the world of technology. Automation used for home
appliances is referred as HOME AUTOMATION. This paper describes a system for efficient home automation
without programming by using a 555 timer. It turns on electrical lights and fan whenever a person enters a room
using PIR sensor and adjusts the speed of the fan according to room temperature.
Keywords: Home automation,555timer,PIR sensor ,thermistor, relay.
I INTRODUCTION
Electrical Lights and fans are some of the
widely used devices in any household with
electricity. But often these devices are operated
manually. They have to be switched on whenever a
person enters a room and speed of the fan is often
adjusted manually in accordance with temperature
requirement. Which usually becomes a tiresome task
in places with rapidly changing climatic conditions.
This raises the need for automation.
Such a system can be implemented using a
microcontroller[1] or by using a temperature
sensor[2].This paper provides an alternate approach
which uses a 555 timer as heart of the system and
doesn't require any programming.
Advantages of having a 555 timer is its
high operating voltage range of +5 to +18 volts, it's
cost effectiveness and the fact that it doesn't require
any programming.
This system uses a PIR sensor to detect a
person while entering the room and to start the
operation. Negative temperature coefficient
thermistor is used to detect the temperature
changes.555 timer is used in astable mode of
operation.
II HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION
2.1. 555 TIMER: IC 555 timer is a one of the most
popular IC in electronics and is used in various
electronic circuits for its stable properties.It is
available in 8 DIP(Dual In-Line package).NE555
timer is used.
2.1.1. Ground: This pin is connected to the
common,sometimes to negative terminal of the
power supply.
2.1.2.Trigger: This pin is connected to inverting
terminal of COMPARATOR. The trigger input is
compared with the 1/3 of Vcc. In general TRIGGER
pin will be at Vcc in normal operating conditions.
2.1.3.Output:The output of SR flip flop will drive
the inverter and the output of the inverter is taken as
Output of 555 timer.
2.1.4.Reset:The RESET pin drives the PNP
Transistor. Usually RESET pin will be at Vcc(Logic
1).If RESET(Logic 0) is given to pin 4 the output of
555 timer will go to zero independent of the trigger
input.
2.1.5.Control voltage:This pin is connected to the
inverting terminal of Comparator 1.Generally the pin
voltage is at 2/3 of Vcc and the pin is connected to
ground through coupling capacitors(0.01uF) to
suppress noise.
2.1.6.Threshold:This is the input to the non
inverting terminal of the first Comparator.The
voltage that can be applied at this pin is between Vcc
and ground.
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/n0605077780-160811044757/85/Smart-Home-Automation-Based-On-555-Timer-1-320.jpg)
![Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, ( Part -7) may2016, pp.77-80
www.ijera.com 78 | P a g e
2.1.7.Discharge:This pin is connected to the
capacitor of charging unit.A 100mVvoltage and a
5mA current is needed.
2.1.8.Vcc: The power supply can be from 5V to
18V.The power supply is connected to this pin.
2.1.9.Circuit diagram of 555 timer:
It employs 2 comparators and a SR flipflop[3].
2.2.POWER SUPPLY: Power supply employed
in India is 230v,50hz this is converted in 9v dc by
using a step down transformer and full wave
rectifier.
2.3 PIR SENSOR:
PIR sensors are used to sense the motion. It is used
to detect whether a human has moved around the
sensors range. PIR sensors are used to detect the IR
wavelength when a human being is in its vicinity.
Sensitivity Range : Up to 20 feet(6 meters).
Power Supply : 3.3V to 5V.
2.4thermistor:A Thermistor Is a type
Of Resistor Whose Resistance Is Dependent
On Temperature, More So Than In Standard
Resistors. For A Thermistor Which Is Negative
temperature coefficient type the resistance is
inversely proportional to temperature.
2.5 RELAY: Generally RELAY are used to provide
an electrical connection. The most widely used type
of Electrical relay is the Electro-mechanical Relay
.Relays are used to switch smaller currents in a
control unit. Relay control one circuit by opening
and closing contacts in another circuit
III OPERATING PRINCIPLE
Initially 230v,50hz supply is given as
input to the power supply circuit mentioned
above. The 9v output is given as input to PIR
sensor, if a person enters the room PIR sensor
senses it and turns on the light. The 555 timer
(NE555)functioning as astable multivibrator
will start .It generates pulses with ON
time=0.69(RA*c) and OFF time =0.69(RB*C) .
As the temperature of the room falls the
resistance of thermistor raises and therefore RB
increases thus the average voltage decreases
and fan speed is reduced. If room temperature
increases RB decreases thus increasing the
average voltage and therefore fan speed is
increased. A relay is used to control the 230v ac
using dc output of 555 timer.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/n0605077780-160811044757/85/Smart-Home-Automation-Based-On-555-Timer-2-320.jpg)
![Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application
www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, ( Part -7) may2016, pp.77-80
www.ijera.com 80 | P a g e
some other instrumentality to use just in
case of bigger place such office and business.
REFERENCES
[1]. Mohammad Arif Hossain, Md. Nazmul
Hasan , Modern Home Automation System
Based On AVR Microcontroller,
International Journal of Scientific &
Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1,
January-2014 1864 ISSN 2229-5518.
[2]. Mustafa Saad, Hossam Abdoalgader, and
Muammer Mohamed, Automatic Fan Speed
Control System Using Microcontroller, 6th
Int'l Conference on Electrical, Electronics
& Civil Engineering (ICEECE'2014) Nov.
27-28, 2014 Cape Town (South Africa).
[3]. Himani Goyal,Understanding of IC555
Timer and IC 555 Timer Tester,
International Journal of Inventive
Engineering and Sciences (IJIES) ISSN:
2319–9598, Volume-3 Issue-2, January
2015.
[4]. NE 555 timer datasheet, xx555 Precision
Timers, texas instruments, SLFS022I –
SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED
SEPTEMBER 2014.
[5]. Robert F. Coughlin, Fredrick
F.Driscoll,operational amplifiers and linear
integrated circuits(Prentice-Hall
electronics,2014).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/n0605077780-160811044757/85/Smart-Home-Automation-Based-On-555-Timer-4-320.jpg)
Smart Home Automation Based On 555 Timer
- 1. Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, ( Part -7) may2016, pp.77-80 www.ijera.com 77 | P a g e Smart Home Automation Based On 555 Timer Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota*, Vamsi Bharadwaj Reddy Chinta** *(Department of electronics and communication engineering, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam ,INDIA ** (Department of electronics and communication engineering , GITAM University,visakhapatnam, INDIA ABSTRACT Technology is growing rapidly and gone are the days when we had to wake up in the middle of the night to adjust our fan speed or times when we had to turn on the light each time we walk into a room and turn them off whenever we walk out. These works are no longer done by humans instead performed by machines through automation, which is one of the popular trends in the world of technology. Automation used for home appliances is referred as HOME AUTOMATION. This paper describes a system for efficient home automation without programming by using a 555 timer. It turns on electrical lights and fan whenever a person enters a room using PIR sensor and adjusts the speed of the fan according to room temperature. Keywords: Home automation,555timer,PIR sensor ,thermistor, relay. I INTRODUCTION Electrical Lights and fans are some of the widely used devices in any household with electricity. But often these devices are operated manually. They have to be switched on whenever a person enters a room and speed of the fan is often adjusted manually in accordance with temperature requirement. Which usually becomes a tiresome task in places with rapidly changing climatic conditions. This raises the need for automation. Such a system can be implemented using a microcontroller[1] or by using a temperature sensor[2].This paper provides an alternate approach which uses a 555 timer as heart of the system and doesn't require any programming. Advantages of having a 555 timer is its high operating voltage range of +5 to +18 volts, it's cost effectiveness and the fact that it doesn't require any programming. This system uses a PIR sensor to detect a person while entering the room and to start the operation. Negative temperature coefficient thermistor is used to detect the temperature changes.555 timer is used in astable mode of operation. II HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION 2.1. 555 TIMER: IC 555 timer is a one of the most popular IC in electronics and is used in various electronic circuits for its stable properties.It is available in 8 DIP(Dual In-Line package).NE555 timer is used. 2.1.1. Ground: This pin is connected to the common,sometimes to negative terminal of the power supply. 2.1.2.Trigger: This pin is connected to inverting terminal of COMPARATOR. The trigger input is compared with the 1/3 of Vcc. In general TRIGGER pin will be at Vcc in normal operating conditions. 2.1.3.Output:The output of SR flip flop will drive the inverter and the output of the inverter is taken as Output of 555 timer. 2.1.4.Reset:The RESET pin drives the PNP Transistor. Usually RESET pin will be at Vcc(Logic 1).If RESET(Logic 0) is given to pin 4 the output of 555 timer will go to zero independent of the trigger input. 2.1.5.Control voltage:This pin is connected to the inverting terminal of Comparator 1.Generally the pin voltage is at 2/3 of Vcc and the pin is connected to ground through coupling capacitors(0.01uF) to suppress noise. 2.1.6.Threshold:This is the input to the non inverting terminal of the first Comparator.The voltage that can be applied at this pin is between Vcc and ground. RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
- 2. Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, ( Part -7) may2016, pp.77-80 www.ijera.com 78 | P a g e 2.1.7.Discharge:This pin is connected to the capacitor of charging unit.A 100mVvoltage and a 5mA current is needed. 2.1.8.Vcc: The power supply can be from 5V to 18V.The power supply is connected to this pin. 2.1.9.Circuit diagram of 555 timer: It employs 2 comparators and a SR flipflop[3]. 2.2.POWER SUPPLY: Power supply employed in India is 230v,50hz this is converted in 9v dc by using a step down transformer and full wave rectifier. 2.3 PIR SENSOR: PIR sensors are used to sense the motion. It is used to detect whether a human has moved around the sensors range. PIR sensors are used to detect the IR wavelength when a human being is in its vicinity. Sensitivity Range : Up to 20 feet(6 meters). Power Supply : 3.3V to 5V. 2.4thermistor:A Thermistor Is a type Of Resistor Whose Resistance Is Dependent On Temperature, More So Than In Standard Resistors. For A Thermistor Which Is Negative temperature coefficient type the resistance is inversely proportional to temperature. 2.5 RELAY: Generally RELAY are used to provide an electrical connection. The most widely used type of Electrical relay is the Electro-mechanical Relay .Relays are used to switch smaller currents in a control unit. Relay control one circuit by opening and closing contacts in another circuit III OPERATING PRINCIPLE Initially 230v,50hz supply is given as input to the power supply circuit mentioned above. The 9v output is given as input to PIR sensor, if a person enters the room PIR sensor senses it and turns on the light. The 555 timer (NE555)functioning as astable multivibrator will start .It generates pulses with ON time=0.69(RA*c) and OFF time =0.69(RB*C) . As the temperature of the room falls the resistance of thermistor raises and therefore RB increases thus the average voltage decreases and fan speed is reduced. If room temperature increases RB decreases thus increasing the average voltage and therefore fan speed is increased. A relay is used to control the 230v ac using dc output of 555 timer.
- 3. Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, ( Part -7) may2016, pp.77-80 www.ijera.com 79 | P a g e IV SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 4.1. Power Supply Circuit: fig: 230v ac converted to 9v dc 4.2.Electric Fan Speed Control: fig: output of 555 timer for 25 c fig: output of 555 timer for 30c V REAL TIME IMPLEMENTATION 5.1 FAN SPEED CONTROL: VI FUTURE ADVANCEMENTS: 6.1.AIR CONDITIONING: If the numbers of persons are increasing in the room then “HOME AUTOMATION” makes the ceiling fan to run with greater celerity there by reducing the temperature. 6.2.LIGHT CONTROL: Adjustment of lighting in the room in accordance with lighting of the ambient lighting. VII CONCLUSION Automation system may be a creative management or it's going to be comprehensively automated wherever the appliances will be remotely controlled. The demonstrated project used infrared sensor to detect the person and based on that 555 timer controls light & speed of fan. This light & fan control system provides high potency, low noise and low power consumption. The system requires solely 9V dc voltage. The work includes knowledge relating to design of 555 timer. Hardware and software implementation provide the work additional acceptability as the price is a smaller amount . The work can be harmonious with
- 4. Krishna Sarath Chandra Kotcherlakota et al. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Application www.ijera.com ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 5, ( Part -7) may2016, pp.77-80 www.ijera.com 80 | P a g e some other instrumentality to use just in case of bigger place such office and business. REFERENCES [1]. Mohammad Arif Hossain, Md. Nazmul Hasan , Modern Home Automation System Based On AVR Microcontroller, International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 1, January-2014 1864 ISSN 2229-5518. [2]. Mustafa Saad, Hossam Abdoalgader, and Muammer Mohamed, Automatic Fan Speed Control System Using Microcontroller, 6th Int'l Conference on Electrical, Electronics & Civil Engineering (ICEECE'2014) Nov. 27-28, 2014 Cape Town (South Africa). [3]. Himani Goyal,Understanding of IC555 Timer and IC 555 Timer Tester, International Journal of Inventive Engineering and Sciences (IJIES) ISSN: 2319–9598, Volume-3 Issue-2, January 2015. [4]. NE 555 timer datasheet, xx555 Precision Timers, texas instruments, SLFS022I – SEPTEMBER 1973–REVISED SEPTEMBER 2014. [5]. Robert F. Coughlin, Fredrick F.Driscoll,operational amplifiers and linear integrated circuits(Prentice-Hall electronics,2014).