Smart Monitoring and Control of Microgrid’s Energy Delivery System
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes21 views
The document discusses the smart monitoring and control of microgrid energy delivery systems at McNeese State University, detailing components, benefits, control strategies, and issues in microgrid management. It highlights the integration of distributed energy resources and emphasizes the importance of advanced control technologies for reliable energy supply and management. Additionally, it outlines the role of condition monitoring systems and digital switchgear in optimizing energy generation and reducing operational costs.
Smart Monitoring and Control of Microgrid’s Energy Delivery System
- 1. Smart Monitoring and Control of Microgrid’s Energy Delivery System Kaisar R. Khan, PhD, PE Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering McNeese State University Lake Charles, LA
- 2. Acknowledgement Dr. Nikos Kiritsis – Dean, College of Engineering and Computer Science, McNeese State University Dinesh Sachdeva, Director, Business Development Service ABB Inc. USA
- 3. Outline Month DD, YYYY ❑Introduction of Microgrid (MG) ❑Campus MG at McNeese State University ❑Control of McNeese Campus MG ❑Energy Delivery System : Condition Monitoring and Protection of Critical Assets ❑Conclusion
- 4. Introduction of Microgrid Month DD, YYYY As per the Microgrid Exchange Group of the Department of Energy (DOE), a microgrid (MG) is a group of interconnected loads and distributed energy resources within clearly defined electrical boundaries that act as a single controllable entity with respect to a grid. MGs thus comprise low- voltage (LV) distribution systems with distributed energy resources (DERs) (micro-turbines, fuel cells, photovoltaic generation, etc.) with storage devices (fly wheels, energy capacitors, and batteries) and flexible loads. Such a sys- tem can be operated in a non-autonomous way, if interconnected to a grid, or in an autonomous way, if disconnected from a main grid.
- 5. December 8, 2017 Slide 5 Smart Grid with Power Monitoring and Control
- 6. Microgrid Components Month DD, YYYY A MG is composed largely of off-the-shelf physical components ❑ Sensors: Sensors are the eyes and ears of the MG. It provide the input to the controller. ❑ Switches: MG requires Intelligent switches that are a vital part of the MG because they allow quick reconfiguration of the components in the MG. ❑ Power Electronics: Power electronics allow DC/AC or AC/DC conversions and voltage changes for DG components. ❑ Energy Storage: Energy storage helps smooth rapid changes due to external events or characteristics of DG. ❑ Generators: Verities of small and generators are used as a backup for renewable or cogeneration unit. ❑ Protection Equipment: Relay and Circuit Breaker ❑ Control Systems: To integrate DG, dispatching load and energy management require smart control. Distributed control system is a viable option of MG control which add level of security. ❑ Metering: Advanced metering must be in place at all places such as substation as well as residential neighborhood.
- 7. Microgrid Benefits Month DD, YYYY Enables grid modernization: ❑ Enables integration of multiple smart grid technologies ❑ Enhance the integration of distributed and renewable energy sources ❑ Facilitates integration of combined heat and power (CHP) ❑ Promotes energy efficiency and reduces losses by locating generation near demand ❑ Helps reduce large capital investments by meeting increased consumption with locally generated power Meets end user needs : ❑ Ensures energy supply for critical loads ❑ Controls power quality and reliability at the local level ❑ Promotes demand-side management and load leveling ❑ Promotes community energy independence and allows for com- munity involvement in electricity supply Meets local needs and increases customer (end-user) participation
- 8. Outline Month DD, YYYY ❑Introduction of Microgrid (MG) ❑Campus MG at McNeese State University ❑Control of McNeese Campus MG ❑Energy Delivery System : Condition Monitoring and Protection of Critical Assets ❑Conclusion
- 9. Proposed Model LNG Plant
- 11. MG Location
- 12. Drawing of Grounding Connection
- 13. Future MG for Power System Training: Wish List
- 14. December 8, 2017 Slide 14 Single Line Diagram of McNeese MG
- 15. Combine Heat and Power (CHP) Micro-turbine
- 16. The Capstone Micro-turbine Technology The various features of the Capstone micro-turbine are listed below: ❑ A state-of-the-art digital power controller with built-in protective relay functions provides two output choices: ❑ Built-in synchronous AC ❑ Stand Alone AC output (optional) ❑ Patented air bearings eliminate the need for oil or other liquid lubricants. ❑ Air-cooled design of the entire system (turbine and controller) eliminates the need for liquid coolants. ❑ The engine has only one moving part. No gears, belts, or turbine-driven accessories. ❑ Advanced combustion control eliminates the need for ceramics or for other costly materials or for catalytic combustion, and provides ultra-low emissions. ❑ The integral annular recuperator (heat exchanger) doubles thermal efficiency. ❑ Digital control technology facilitates advanced control or Ethernet monitoring, and diagnostic capabilities, both on-board and remotely.
- 17. Capston Micro-turbine in Other Projects
- 18. December 8, 2017 Slide 18
- 19. Load : Resistor and Rotating Machine Mosebach Series X200 Resistive Load Bank
- 20. Heat Recovery Unit of CHP Generator
- 21. Gas Pack to Increase Gas Pressure
- 22. Circuit Breaker and Disconnect Switches
- 23. Communication Module of Micro-turbine The Modbus translator is an electrical device powered from a nominal 12VDC providing data exchange from the RS- 232 of a Capstone Microturbine System to a RS-485 Modbus network.
- 24. Typical Modbus Translator Installation
- 25. Outline Month DD, YYYY ❑Introduction of Microgrid (MG) ❑Campus MG at McNeese State University ❑Control of McNeese Campus MG ❑Energy Delivery System : Condition Monitoring and Protection of Critical Assets ❑Conclusion
- 26. Issues of Microgrid Control Month DD, YYYY ❑ Power is instantly balanced by the inertia of the rotating system and the frequency changes to control the active power. However, since the islanded microgrid does not have enough spinning reserve, this kind of primary control is not inherently available. ❑ Also since microgrids are set up in the distribution system, the active power transfer mainly depends on the voltage magnitude, whereas in transmission systems, the active power transfer is mainly controlled by the phase-angle difference across the line. ❑ Another major concern in a microgrid control is the intermittency of the renewable sources that are integral parts of the microgrid, and this factor has to be accounted for when designing the microgrid controller.
- 27. Level of Microgrid Control Month DD, YYYY ❑ The primary control: ensures proper power sharing between the different DGs and local voltage control for stable operation of the microgrid. It acts in milliseconds, due to the lack of inertia in the MG. ❑ The secondary controller: is a global controller with slower loops and low bandwidth communication to sense key parameters at certain points of the microgrid, generally a microgrid central controller (MGCC) and sends control commands to each DG unit. ❑ Tertiary control: is used for economic optimization, based on energy prices and electricity markets.
- 28. Centralize vs Decentralize MG Control Month DD, YYYY ❑ Centralized control for microgrids can take care of the voltage control, power quality, and reactive power sharing in addition to the active power sharing. The centralized control can be decentralized by using new technologies such as multi-agent systems (MASs) for voltage and frequency control. The MAS allows intelligence to be distributed, where local controllers have their own autonomy and can make decisions. The centralized controllers consider the microgrid as a whole and optimize the operations, like an energy management system (EMS) in trans- mission SCADA. ❑ A distributed control system (DCS) can be a viable solution for controlling critical physical component for stable operation of MG as well as protecting the critical assets.
- 29. Issues of Integrating PV Month DD, YYYY Typical T&D system–related problems while integrating DG are following: PV and wind capacity factors in the range of 15%–30%. No dispatch capability of PV and wind farms without storage. Ultrafast ramping requirements (400–1000 MW/min). Most existing PV inverters do not provide reactive power and voltage support capability. Existing PV inverters do not have LVRT capability. Most PV plants are noncompliant with FERC Reactive power management and coordination within feeders are not designed with high DG in mind. Power quality, especially voltage fluctuations, temporary over voltage (TOV), flicker, and harmonics may be out of existing standards. Lack of coordination control of existing reactive power support. Intermittency of generation. Frequency Control is difficult
- 30. DCS Controller: ABB 800XA
- 31. Single Line Diagram: Controller Run Mode
- 32. Generator Control: HMI View Start/Stop Acquired Data using Modbus
- 33. Motor Control: HMI View
- 34. Status of I/O and CHP Units
- 35. Outline Month DD, YYYY ❑Introduction of Microgrid (MG) ❑Campus MG at McNeese State University ❑Control of McNeese Campus MG ❑Energy Delivery System : Condition Monitoring and Protection of Critical Assets ❑Conclusion
- 36. Internet of Things Intelligent devices with sensors are providing large amounts of data • Essential requirements remain (safety, reliability), cyber security and data privacy become more important Internet of People People will remain in control of the production process. People will be the decision makers Internet of Services • Services becomes more advanced through data analytics. • Opportunities for new service models that build on collaboration. Prepared for the Internet of Things? Month DD, YYYY
- 37. ABB MACHsense R at McNeese State University How does it work? Data Analysis Unit (DAU) collects measurement data from motor or generator ABB software in DAU analyzes data and generates Key Condition Parameters (KCPs) for each component such as bearing,, rotor, misalignment etc 3G/GPRS/ Ethernet The KCPs are transmitted wireless to secured ABB Server Ethernet connectivity can be used wherever mobile signal not available ABB Server MACHsense Portal Trend of each KCP and spectrum graph seen in portal through internet Notification sent by SMS/E-mail if any KCP exceeds predefined value ABB provides periodic condition assessment report Nikos Kiritsis, Kaisar Khan and Dinesh Sachdeva, “Preparing the Millennial Engineering Graduate to Join the Workforce,” presented at ABB automation and power world (APW) digital conference at Housotn, TX, March 2017
- 38. ABB MACHsense R at McNeese
- 39. December 8, 2017 Slide 39
- 40. Digital Switchgear New concept in protection, control & automation for MV switchgear 6185 0
- 41. Purpose ▪Students and industry in Lake Charles Area could learn Advanced DCS System using modern communication protocols. ▪Dean of College Dr. Nikos: Intelligent Control System that can integrate Gas Turbines and Solar Energy. Description ▪ McNeese State University has Two Capstone Gas Turbines. ABB has supplied Low Voltage Intelligent Motor Control Center and Switchgear to Monitor, Control and Optimize Electricity Generation using natural gas. ABB has ▪ We will also evaluate safety, compliance and preventative maintenance of key systems. Current status: ▪ July2016 – December 2017 – Period of execution Benefits – Customer ▪ Determining the efficiency of their operations ▪ Operating cost reductions - $14K/year to $250K/year Benefits – ABB ▪ Community Support and Branding ▪ Demonstration of our industry expertise in products and services Condition Based Monitoring and Safety System CONTENT ACTIVE SHARING Target audience (who needs to know) ▪Local Industry, Sasol, Lake Charles LNG, Entergy, GAM/SAM’s, US Service sales, US Service Leadership team and their respective teams. Key message (reason for sharing within ABB). ▪800xA System communicating w/ REF and REM relays using 61850 ▪Condition based maintenance for Motor evaluate the plant as a full system, instead of individual components. IBUs and links to product pages of main global service products in scope: PGTR, RMDR EPMV EPES Contact: Dinesh Sachdeva (ABB) Business Development Manager, CSO Country: USA Customer: McNeese State University Baghouse repair at Tyson Foods in Russellville, AR
- 42. Digital Switchgear Benefit Reduced losses during operation • Lower sensor losses • Saving potential of up to 250 MWh over 30 years (sample switchgear with 14 frames & 42 CTs) Improved equipment reliability • Fewer live parts, fewer failure opportunities reducing outage potential and troubleshooting costs Solution that requires less space • Complete transformer compartments eliminated • Reduced space means lower installation costs Reduced total cost of ownership
- 43. Digital Switchgear Benefit (cont.) Technology for better switchgear Efficiency –Lower operating cost (sensors consume less power) –Later configuration during manufacture (fewer wires to design and install) Sustainability –Universal standards (IEC61850) enable future system expansion –Lower environmental impact during operation Reliability –Fewer parts to fail
- 44. 1. Save frames (reduces frame count) 2. Greater flexibility in configurations. 1. Solution does not require extra frames for instrumentation. 2. Greatly reduced wiring Digital Switchgear Communication … Communication Network (Ethernet) … Horizontal GOOSE communication Number of interconnections is equal to number of devices Conventional approach Wiring between devices must be done individually per signal
- 45. December 8, 2017 Slide 45 800xA System 3 CTs – Line Current 1 CT – Line to Ground Current 2 VTs – Line to Line Voltage REM Relay REF Relay Digital Switchgear at McNeese State University
- 46. Purpose ▪Students and industry in Lake Charles Area could learn Advanced DCS System using modern communication protocols. ▪Dean of College Dr. Nikos: Intelligent Control System that can integrate Gas Turbines and Solar Energy. Description ▪ McNeese State University has Two Capstone Gas Turbines. ABB has supplied Low Voltage Intelligent Motor Control Center and Switchgear to Monitor, Control and Optimize Electricity Generation using natural gas. ABB has ▪ We will also evaluate safety, compliance and preventative maintenance of key systems. Current status: ▪ July2016 – December 2017 – Period of execution Benefits – Customer ▪ Determining the efficiency of their operations ▪ Operating cost reductions - $14K/year to $250K/year Benefits – ABB ▪ Community Support and Branding ▪ Demonstration of our industry expertise in products and services Integrated System – Intelligent Smart Control Wireless System CONTENT ACTIVE SHARING Target audience (who needs to know) ▪Local Industry, Sasol, Lake Charles LNG, Entergy, GAM/SAM’s, US Service sales, US Service Leadership team and their respective teams. Key message (reason for sharing within ABB). ▪800xA System communicating w/ REF and REM relays using 61850 ▪Condition based maintenance for Motor evaluate the plant as a full system, instead of individual components. IBUs and links to product pages of main global service products in scope: PGTR, RMDR EPMV EPES Contact: Dinesh Sachdeva (ABB) Business Development Manager, CSO Country: USA Customer: McNeese State University Baghouse repair at Tyson Foods in Russellville, AR
- 47. ❑ High efficiency combined heat and power (CHP) generator that capture unused exhaust heat for space heating. ❑ A state-of-the-art digital power controller with built-in protective relay functions provides two output choices: ❑ Patented air bearings eliminate the need for oil or other liquid lubricants. The engine has only one moving part. No gears, belts, or turbine-driven accessories. ❑ Advanced combustion control eliminates the need for ceramics or for other costly materials or for catalytic combustion, and provides ultra-low emissions. ❑ The integral annular recuperator (heat exchanger) doubles thermal efficiency. ❑ Digital control technology facilitates advanced control or Ethernet monitoring, and diagnostic capabilities, both on- board and remotely. Micro-Grid with Energy Efficient Distributed Generator CHP Micro-turbine Controllable Load Contact: Dinesh Sachdeva (ABB) Business Development Manager, CSO Country: USA Customer: McNeese State University Photograph of Microgrid Equipment (a) two Capstone micro turbine (b) Machine Control Center (MCC) from ABB Inc. and (c) water inlet-outlet piping to recapture unused heat (a) (b) (c) ❑ 200 KW portable resistive load bank with protection switch gear ❑ 5 KW induction motor driven by variable speed drive ❑ Option to add any other type of motor with universal motor control (UMC)
- 48. ❑ Centralized control for microgrids can take care of the voltage control, power quality, and reactive power sharing in addition to the active power sharing. The centralized control can be decentralized by using new technologies such as multi-agent systems (MASs) for voltage and frequency control. The MAS allows intelligence to be distributed, where local controllers have their own autonomy and can make decisions. The centralized controllers consider the microgrid as a whole and optimize the operations, like an energy management system (EMS) in trans- mission SCADA. ❑ A distributed control system (DCS) can be a viable solution for controlling critical physical component for stable operation of MG as well as protecting the critical assets. Distributed Control System for Micro-Grid Centralized or Distributed Control ABB 800XA Controller Contact: Dinesh Sachdeva (ABB) Business Development Manager, CSO Country: USA Customer: McNeese State University ❑ State of the art controller with wireless communication interface. ❑ Multi protocol support for Inteligent Electronic Devices (IED) ❑ Protecting as well as controlling of MG components. Distributed control system for MG control (a) 800XA system from ABB Inc. (b) accompanied HMI
- 49. ▪ Data Analysis Unit (DAU) collects measurement data from motor or generator ▪ ABB software in DAU analyzes data and generates Key Condition Parameters (KCPs) for each component such as bearing,, rotor, misalignment etc ▪ The KCPs are transmitted wireless to secured ABB Server ▪ Ethernet connectivity can be used wherever mobile signal not available ▪ Trend of each KCP and spectrum graph seen in portal through internet ▪ Notification sent by SMS/E-mail if any KCP exceeds predefined value ▪ ABB provides periodic condition assessment report ABB MACHsense-R at McNeese State University Features of Machsense Contact: Dinesh Sachdeva (ABB) Business Development Manager, CSO Country: USA Customer: McNeese State University Distributed control system for MG control (a) 800XA system from ABB Inc. (b) accompanied HMI (a) (b)
- 50. Digital Switchgear at McNeese State University IED Contact: Dinesh Sachdeva (ABB) Business Development Manager, CSO Country: USA Customer: McNeese State University IED (REF/REM 615) connected to 800XA
- 51. Outline Month DD, YYYY ❑Introduction of Microgrid (MG) ❑Campus MG at McNeese State University ❑Control of McNeese Campus MG ❑Energy Delivery System : Condition Monitoring and Protection of Critical Assets ❑Conclusion
- 52. Conclusion Month DD, YYYY ❑ A Working campus MG has been established ❑Energy efficient CHP Generators along with the PV are the energy sources ❑ Cutting edge DCS employed to control MG operation ❑Critical MG assets have been monitored by using wireless technology ❑Smart relays with automated circuit breaker protect the grid components ❑Necessary Human Machine Interface (HMI) have been developed ❑Great engineering project management experience for academics!
Editor's Notes
- #43: Optimized design of sensors – refers to the new design itself and the placement of the sensor in the panel (in UG ZS1 between the shutter and spout) Additional benefits of sensors – low PD (partial discharge) value, extremely low energy consumption (few nano Watts), just few variants covering ratings up to 4000A / 50kA, available on stock