Sna lab prj (1)
- 1. JAVERIA ASLAM 02-235191-026 HUMEIRA SHABEER 02-235191-008 KONAIN SOHAIL 02-235191-007 HAMZA SAMAD 02-235191-043
- 2. VIRTUALIZATION BASICS Use a single physical machine’s hardware to run multiple virtual machines within it.
- 3. VIRTUALIZATION Virtualization uses software to create an abstraction layer over computer hardware that allows the hardware elements of a single computer—processors, memory, storage and more—to be divided into multiple virtual computers, commonly called virtual machines (VMs). Each VM runs its own operating system (OS) and behaves like an independent computer, even though it is running on just a portion of the actual underlying computer hardware. It follows that virtualization enables more efficient utilization of physical computer hardware and allows a greater return on an organization’s hardware investment. Today, virtualization is a standard practice in enterprise IT architecture. It is also the technology that drives cloud computing economics. Virtualization enables cloud providers to serve users with their existing physical computer hardware; it enables cloud users to purchase only the computing resources they need when they need it, and to scale those resources cost-effectively as their workloads grow.
- 4. HOW VIRTUALIZATION WORKS? Virtualization describes a technology in which an application, guest operating system or data storage is abstracted away from the true underlying hardware or software. A key use of virtualization technology is server virtualization, which uses a software layer -- called a hypervisor -- to emulate the underlying hardware. This often includes the CPU's memory, input/output and network traffic. Hypervisors take the physical resources and separate them so they can be utilized by the virtual environment. They are able to sit on top of an OS or they can be directly installed onto the hardware.
- 5. BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION Better use of hardware resources Power saving Recovery(VMs can be saved as files) Flexibility(VMs can be moved) Researching Operating Systems and other Software(sandbox)
- 6. BENEFITS OF VIRTUALIZATION Virtualization brings several benefits to data center operators and service providers: Resource efficiency: Before virtualization, each application server required its own dedicated physical CPU—IT staff would purchase and configure a separate server for each application they wanted to run. (IT preferred one application and one operating system (OS) per computer for reliability reasons.) Invariably, each physical server would be underused. In contrast, server virtualization lets you run several applications—each on its own VM with its own OS—on a single physical computer (typically an x86 server) without sacrificing reliability. This enables maximum utilization of the physical hardware’s computing capacity.
- 7. CONTINUED… Easier management: Replacing physical computers with software-defined VMs makes it easier to use and manage policies written in software. This allows you to create automated IT service management workflows. For example, automated deployment and configuration tools enable administrators to define collections of virtual machines and applications as services, in software templates. This means that they can install those services repeatedly and consistently without cumbersome, time- consuming. and error-prone manual setup. Admins can use virtualization security policies to mandate certain security configurations based on the role of the virtual machine. Policies can even increase resource efficiency by retiring unused virtual machines to save on space and computing power.
- 8. CONTINUED… • Minimal downtime: OS and application crashes can cause downtime and disrupt user productivity. Admins can run multiple redundant virtual machines alongside each other and failover between them when problems arise. Running multiple redundant physical servers is more expensive. • Faster provisioning: Buying, installing, and configuring hardware for each application is time-consuming. Provided that the hardware is already in place, provisioning virtual machines to run all your applications is significantly faster. You can even automate it using management software and build it into existing workflows • Lower costs. Virtualization reduces the amount of hardware servers necessary within a company and data center. This lowers the overall cost of buying and maintaining large amounts of hardware.
- 9. CONTINUED… Easier disaster recovery. Disaster recovery is very simple in a virtualized environment. Regular snapshots provide up-to-date data, allowing virtual machines to be feasibly backed up and recovered. Even in an emergency, a virtual machine can be migrated to a new location within minutes. Improved productivity. Fewer physical resources results in less time spent managing and maintaining the servers. Tasks that can take days or weeks in a physical environment can be done in minutes. This allows staff members to spend the majority of their time on more productive tasks, such as raising revenue and fostering business initiatives.
- 10. VIRTUAL MACHINES (VMs) Virtual machines (VMs) are virtual environments that simulate a physical computer in software form. They normally comprise several files containing the VM’s configuration, the storage for the virtual hard drive, and some snapshots of the VM that preserve its state at a particular point in time.
- 11. HYPERVISORS A hypervisor is the software layer that coordinates VMs. It serves as an interface between the VM and the underlying physical hardware, ensuring that each has access to the physical resources it needs to execute. It also ensures that the VMs don’t interfere with each other by impinging on each other’s memory space or compute cycles. There are two types of hypervisors: Type 1 or “bare-metal” hypervisors interact with the underlying physical resources, replacing the traditional operating system altogether. They most commonly appear in virtual server scenarios. Type 2 hypervisors run as an application on an existing OS. Most commonly used on endpoint devices to run alternative operating systems, they carry a performance overhead because they must use the host OS to access and coordinate the underlying hardware resources.
- 12. VIRTUALIZATION VS CONTAINERIZATION Server virtualization reproduces an entire computer in hardware, which then runs an entire OS. The OS runs one application. That’s more efficient than no virtualization at all, but it still duplicates unnecessary code and services for each application you want to run. Containers take an alternative approach. They share an underlying OS kernel, only running the application and the things it depends on, like software libraries and environment variables. This makes containers smaller and faster to deploy.
- 13. VIRTUAL DESKTOP INFRASTRUCTURE Virtualization of desktops/operating systems that run in a data center. Endpoints such as thin clients access their virtual machine via the network. Easier to manage More security Easier to backup Cost savings VDI is all about virtualizing the end user desktops.
- 14. DATA CENTER AND CLOUD Data centers benefit from virtualization because of the ability to run more services and software in a smaller footprint. Public cloud computing is all about accessing services and resources from a remote data center and only paying for what you use. Virtualization and high speed networking truly enable the era of cloud computing.
- 15. TYPES OF VIRTUALIZATION Desktop virtualization Network virtualization Storage virtualization Data virtualization Application virtualization Data center virtualization CPU virtualization GPU virtualization Linux virtualization Cloud virtualization
- 16. DESKTOP VIRTUALIZATION Desktop virtualization lets you run multiple desktop operating systems, each in its own VM on the same computer. There are two types of desktop virtualization: Virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI) runs multiple desktops in VMs on a central server and streams them to users who log in on thin client devices. In this way, VDI lets an organization provide its users access to variety of OS's from any device, without installing OS's on any device. Local desktop virtualization runs a hypervisor on a local computer, enabling the user to run one or more additional OSs on that computer and switch from one OS to another as needed without changing anything about the primary OS.
- 17. NETWORK VIRTUALIZATION Network virtualization uses software to create a “view” of the network that an administrator can use to manage the network from a single console. It abstracts hardware elements and functions (e.g., connections, switches, routers, etc.) and abstracts them into software running on a hypervisor. The network administrator can modify and control these elements without touching the underlying physical components, which dramatically simplifies network management. Types of network virtualization include software-defined networking (SDN), which virtualizes hardware that controls network traffic routing (called the “control plane”), and network function virtualization (NFV), which virtualizes one or more hardware appliances that provide a specific network function (e.g., a firewall, load balancer, or traffic analyzer), making those appliances easier to configure, provision, and manage.
- 18. STORAGE VIRTUALIZATION Storage virtualization enables all the storage devices on the network— whether they’re installed on individual servers or standalone storage units—to be accessed and managed as a single storage device. Specifically, storage virtualization masses all blocks of storage into a single shared pool from which they can be assigned to any VM on the network as needed. Storage virtualization makes it easier to provision storage for VMs and makes maximum use of all available storage on the network.
- 19. DATA VIRTUALIZATION Modern enterprises store data from multiple applications, using multiple file formats, in multiple locations, ranging from the cloud to on-premise hardware and software systems. Data virtualization lets any application access all of that data—irrespective of source, format, or location. Data virtualization tools create a software layer between the applications accessing the data and the systems storing it. The layer translates an application’s data request or query as needed and returns results that can span multiple systems. Data virtualization can help break down data silos when other types of integration aren’t feasible, desirable, or affordable.
- 20. APPLICATION VIRTUALIZATION Application virtualization runs application software without installing it directly on the user’s OS. This differs from complete desktop virtualization (mentioned above) because only the application runs in a virtual environment—the OS on the end user’s device runs as usual. There are three types of application virtualization: Local application virtualization: The entire application runs on the endpoint device but runs in a runtime environment instead of on the native hardware. Application streaming: The application lives on a server which sends small components of the software to run on the end user's device when needed. Server-based application virtualization The application runs entirely on a server that sends only its user interface to the client device.
- 21. DATA CENTER VIRTUALIZATION Data center virtualization abstracts most of a data center’s hardware into software, effectively enabling an administrator to divide a single physical data center into multiple virtual data centers for different clients. Each client can access its own infrastructure as a service (IaaS), which would run on the same underlying physical hardware. Virtual data centers offer an easy on- ramp into cloud-based computing, letting a company quickly set up a complete data center environment without purchasing infrastructure hardware.
- 22. CPU VIRTUALIZATION CPU (central processing unit) virtualization is the fundamental technology that makes hypervisors, virtual machines, and operating systems possible. It allows a single CPU to be divided into multiple virtual CPUs for use by multiple VMs. At first, CPU virtualization was entirely software-defined, but many of today’s processors include extended instruction sets that support CPU virtualization, which improves VM performance.
- 23. GPU VIRTUALIZATION A GPU (graphical processing unit) is a special multi-core processor that improves overall computing performance by taking over heavy-duty graphic or mathematical processing. GPU virtualization lets multiple VMs use all or some of a single GPU’s processing power for faster video, artificial intelligence (AI), and other graphic- or math-intensive applications. Pass-through GPUs make the entire GPU available to a single guest OS. Shared vGPUs divide physical GPU cores among several virtual GPUs (vGPUs) for use by server-based VMs.
- 24. LINUX VIRTUALIZATION Linux includes its own hypervisor, called the kernel-based virtual machine (KVM), which supports Intel and AMD’s virtualization processor extensions so you can create x86- based VMs from within a Linux host OS. As an open source OS, Linux is highly customizable. You can create VMs running versions of Linux tailored for specific workloads or security-hardened versions for more sensitive applications.
- 25. CLOUD VIRTUALIZATION The cloud computing model depends on virtualization. By virtualizing servers, storage, and other physical data center resources, cloud computing providers can offer a range of services to customers, including the following: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS): Virtualized server, storage, and network resources you can configure based on their requirements. Platform as a Service (PaaS): Virtualized development tools, databases, and other cloud-based services you can use to build you own cloud-based applications and solutions. Software as a service (SaaS): Software applications you use on the cloud. SaaS
- 26. CONCLUSION Virtualization is a software emulation of a hardware platform’s architecture, which is implemented using either a hosted or hypervisor architecture. Virtualization by itself allows an organization to utilize and effectively use its IT resources. However, cloud computing takes the use of those resources to another level by delivering access to those components on-demand as a service, thus reducing complexity for the end user, cost and burden.