Social development
- 1. Prepared by EJ D. Refugio
- 2. WHAT IS SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT? Social Development means acquisition of the ability to behave in accordance with social expectations. Becoming socialized involves three processes which, although they are separate and distinct, are so closely interrelated that failure in any 0ne of them will lower the individual’s level of socialization.
- 3. PROCESSES IN SOCIALIZATION LEARNING TO BEHAVE IN SOCIALLY APPROVED BY WAYS. PLAYING APPROVED SOCIAL ROLES. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ATTITUDES
- 4. LEARNING TO BEHAVE IN SOCIALLY APPROVED BY WAYS Every social group has its standards of what is approved behavior for its members. To become socialized, children must not only know what this approved behavior is, but they must also model their own behavior along the approved lines.
- 5. PLAYING APPROVED SOCIAL ROLES Every social group has its own patterns of customary behavior that are carefully defined and are expected by members of the group There are approved roles, for example, for parents and children and for teachers and pupils.
- 6. DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL ATTITUDES To become socialized, children must like people and social activities. If they do, they will make good social adjustments and be accepted as members of the social group with which they are identified.
- 7. SOCIAL AND NONSOCIAL PEOPLE Social – people are those whose behavior reflects success in the three processes of socialization. As a result, they fit into the group with which they are identified and are accepted as group members. Gregarious – people are social people who crave the presence of others and are lonely when by themselves. They are satisfied merely to be with others, regardless of the nature of contact.
- 8. SOCIAL AND NONSOCIAL PEOPLE Nonsocial – people are those whose behavior does not reflect success in the three processes that characterize a social person. Unsocial – people are nonsocial people who are ignorant of what the social group expects and, as a result, behave in a manner that falls short of social expectations. Because of this, they are not accepted by the group and are forced to spent to much of their time in solitude.
- 9. SOCIAL AND NONSOCIAL PEOPLE Antisocial – people are nonsocial people who know what are the group expects but, because of antagonistic attitudes toward people, they violate the group mores. As a result, they are neglected or rejected by the group.
- 10. FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO VARIATIONS IN SOCIAL GROUP INFLUENCES ACCEPTABILITY TO THE GROUP SECURITY OF STATUS TYPE OF GROUP DIFFERENT MEMBERS OF THE GROUP PERSONALITY AFFILLIATION MOTIVE
- 11. IMPORTANCE OF EARLY SOCIAL EXPERIENCES Early social experiences largely determine what sort of adults children will become. Predominantly happy experiences encourage the child to see more such experiences and to become a social person. Early social experiences may be with family members or with people outside the home.
- 12. IMPORTANCE OF EARLY SOCIAL EXPERIENCES FAMILY INFLUENCES OUTSIDE INFLUENCES
- 13. EFFECTS OF EARLY SOCIAL EXPERIENCES PERSISTENCE OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR CONSISTENCY OF SOCIAL ATTITUDES EFFECT ON SOCIAL PARTICIPATION EFFECT ON SOCIAL ACCEPTANCE EFFECT ON CHARACTERISTIC PATTERNS OF BEHAVIOR EFFECT OF PERSONALITY
- 14. BEGINNING OF SOCIAL BEHAVIOR - During the first month or two of life, they merely respond to stimuli in their environment, regardless of whether these stimuli come from people or objects. - They do not, for example, distinguish clearly between people’s voices and other noises. - Socialization in the form of gregarious behavior begins around third month, when babies can distinguish between people and objects in their environment and when they respond differently to them.
- 15. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD - From 2 to 6 years, children learn how to make social contacts and how to get along with people outside the home, especially children of their own age. - They learn to adapt themselves to others and how to cooperate in play activities. - Early childhood is often called the “pregang age.”
- 16. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN EARLY CHILDHOOD - RELATIONS WITH ADULTS – young children spend less time with adults and derive less enjoyment from being with theme. At the same time, their interest in playmates of their own age increases and the enjoyment from being with them gets stronger. - RELATIONS WITH OTHER CHILDREN – before the age of 2 years, young children engage in solitary or parallel play. Their contacts consist primarily of imitating or watching one another or to attempting to take one another’s toys.
- 17. BEHAVIOR PATTERN IN SOCIAL SITUATION DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD - Cooperation - Rivalry - Generosity - Desire for social approval - Sympathy - Empathy - Dependency - Friendliness - Unselfishness - Imitation - Attachment behavior
- 18. BEHAVIOR PATTERN IN SOCIAL SITUATION DURING EARLY CHILDHOOD - Negativism - Aggression - Quarreling - Teasing and bullying - Ascendant behavior - Egocentrism - Prejudice - Sex antagonism
- 19. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN LATE CHILDHOOD Upon beginning schools, children enter the “gang age” –an age when social consciousness develops rapidly. Children become members of peer group which will gradually replace the family in its influences over their attitudes and behavior.
- 20. CHARACTERISTIC OF CHILDREN’S GANGS - Gangs identify themselves by name, many of which are taken from the street or neighborhood where the members live or from popular books, comics, or movies. - Gang members use secret signals, password, communication codes, or a private language to maintain their secrecy. - Childhood gangs often use insignia—caps, armbands, or other decorations—to identify their members.
- 21. CHARACTERISTIC OF CHILDREN’S GANGS - Gangs sometimes have initiation ceremonies to test a new member’s skill or physical endurance, to create loyalty within the group, and to make each member feel important because of being accepted - The preferred meeting place of the gang minimizes adult interference and maximizes opportunities for favored gang activities. Girls usually meet close to the home, while boys meet as far from home as possible. - Gang activities include all kinds of group play and entertainment, making things, annoying other people, exploring, and engaging in forbidden activities, such as gambling, smoking, drinking, and experimenting with drugs.
- 22. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AT PUBERTY - With the beginning of puberty comes a change in social attitudes, a decline in interest in group activities, and tendency to prefer solitude. - As puberty progresses and the rate of puberty changes speeds up, social attitudes and behavior become increasingly antisocial.
- 23. CHARACTERISTIC ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR AT PUBERTY - Pubescent children sometimes have an antagonistic attitude toward everyone. They go around with chips on their shoulder and sneers on their faces. - Pubescent are even more aggressive than preschoolers, instigating fight with peers and criticizing, arguing, and finding fault with almost everything adults do. - Pubescent quarrel over the most trivial matters and pick fights with members of their gangs, criticizing whatever they do and delighting in hurting their feelings. As a result, many longstanding friendships are broken. - According to pubescent children, social activities “bore” them, especially family gatherings and holiday celebration
- 24. CHARACTERISTIC ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR AT PUBERTY - Pubescent spend much of their time in isolation, engaging in daydreams in which they play the role of martyrs or thinking about sex, exploring the genital organs, and masturbating. - Pubescent children intentionally refuse to communicate with others except when necessary. When questioned, they shut out other people by answering, “I can’t remember” or “I don’t know.” - Pubescent are often shy in the presence of all people, not only strangers. Their shyness stems from anxiety over how others judge their changing bodies and their behavior.
- 25. HAZZARDS IN SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT - Social Deprivation - Too Much Social Participation - Overdependency - Overconformity - Nonconformity - Prejudice - Pubescent Antisocial Behavior
- 26. QUESTION? How this area of development does affects other aspects of development?