Socialization topic and its types with examples
- 2. DEFINITION: Macionis: Refer to the lifelong social experience by which people develop their human potential and learn culture. W.F.Ogburn: “Socialization is the process by which the individual learns to conform to the norms of the group.” Peter Worsley explains socialization as the process of transmission of culture, the process whereby men learn the rules and practices of social groups. Finally we can say that the process of adjustment in social environment is called socialization.
- 3. Personality: A person’s fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking and feeling. We build a personality by internalizing-taking in-our surroundings. Every individual has its own unique personality. Nature And Nurture: In developing personality, nurture plays more important role than nature. Nature refers to the things that are inborn, inherited from parents e.g. eye color, hair color, Nurture are the things that are learned through the process of socialization. Nurturing varies from society to society.
- 4. IMPORTANCE OF SOCIALIZATION: Socialization is the process of making someone social and full human through interaction. For newly born, socialization is a process of transforming biological being into social being. Sociology is vital to culture. Socialization creates social control. Socialization is vital to personality formation.
- 5. Cont.. Helps to become discipline. Helps to enact different roles. Helps to develop right aspirations in life. Socialization is vital for sex role differentiation.
- 6. What does socialization teach us? Language Culture (Norms, Values, beliefs, etc) Understanding of otherS. Understanding of ourselves as a social being or “social self”.(statuses & roles) Emergence of a “Social Self”
- 7. Formal & Informal Socialization: Formal Socialization: Socialization conducted by formally organized social groups and institutions, like schools, religious centers, mass media, universities, work place, military training centers, etc. Informal Socialization: Socialization which is carried through informal social interactions and relationships at micro-level, at inter-personal and small social group levels.
- 8. TYPES OF SOCIALIZATION: 1. Primary or childhood socialization. 2. Secondary or adulthood socialization. 3. Developmental socialization. 4. Anticipatory Socialization. 5. ReSocialization.
- 9. 1.Primary Socialization: Also called basic or early socialization. Occurs during very early stages of childhood. Sets the groundwork for all future socialization. Takes place by family, neighborhood, friends. It concentrates on the learning of language, attitudes, values and actions appropriate to individual as a member of specific culture. It is very crucial stage for development of personality.
- 10. 2.econdary Socialization: Secondary socialization refers to the process of learning what is appropriate behavior as a member of a smaller group within the larger society. Secondary or adult socialization is necessitated when individual take up new roles, reorienting themselves according to their changes social statuses and roles It is usually associated with teenagers and adults, and involves smaller changes than those occurring in primary socialization.
- 11. Secondary socialization takes place outside the home. It is where children and adults learn how to act in a way that is appropriate for the situations they are in. Its done by agency's of socialization such as the Media, government and the education system etc.
- 12. 3. Developmental Socialization: Developmental socialization is the process of learning behavior in a social institution or developing your social skills. New learning is added to and blended with old in a relatively smooth and continuous process of development.
- 13. 4. Anticipatory Socialization: The processes of socialization in which a person "rehearses" for future positions, occupations, and social relationships. Anticipatory socialization may not be adequate when the nature and scope of life transition is complex.
- 14. 5. Resocialization: The process of unlearning old norms, rules and values and learning new ones required in a new social environment. Resocialization is said to be happening throughout human life cycle and often occurs in total institutions. Total Institutions: A place where people are isolated from the rest of society for a set period of time and their lives are almost completely controlled by officials who run the institution.e.g. Mental hospitals, prisons, military units, religious denominations