Sociometry techniques
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This document discusses sociometry, which is defined as the study and measurement of social choice and relationships within groups. It outlines several key techniques of sociometry including sociometric matrices, sociograms, and sociometric indices. Sociometric matrices tabulate individuals' choices within a group. Sociograms use diagrams to represent the internal structure of choices. Indices provide quantitative measures of concepts like an individual's popularity or a group's cohesiveness. The document also covers objectives, situations, needs, types of choices, methods of analysis, and applications of sociometric techniques in research.
Sociometry techniques
- 2. SOCIOMETRY Latin word – socius means companion and metrum means measure Idea given by J.L MORENO- as research and therapeutic technique The inquiry into the evolution and organization of groups and the position of individuals within them. It is a technique for describing the social relationship among individuals in a group.(kothari) Means of presenting simply and graphically the entire structure of relations existing at a given time among members of a given group.(Jennings)
- 3. DEFINITIONS Number of methods of gathering and analysing data on the choice, communication and interaction pattern of individuals in groups Study and measurement of social choice Studying the attractions and repulsions of members of groups A person is asked to choose one or more persons according to one or more criteria supplied by researcher.
- 4. OBJECTIVES OF SOCIOMETRY Focusing on achieving business targets Focusing on key contributors who create value -- the informal leaders Enhancing the informal relationship networks Focusing on culture -- providing connection, contribution and credibility. Sociometric tools are invaluable in identifying informal leaders.
- 5. SITUATIONS OF SOCIOMETRY To explore intra-group relationship which are hindering people producing business results To move your organization from isolated business units to collaborative groups To strengthen teams working in demanding situations To surface and sort out issues of group conflict, trust and identity To understand and address the "soft" and unspoken aspects of everyday group life
- 6. NEED OF SOCIOMETRY To develop appropriate behaviours for your ideal work culture To integrate thinking, feeling and action in business relationships
- 7. TYPES OF SOCIOMETRIC CHOICE Choice of people, choice of lines of communication, choice of lines of influence, choice of minority groups Depends upon the instructions and questions given to individuals. With whom would you like to work? Who do you like the most?
- 8. METHODS OF SOCIOMETRIC ANALYSIS Sociometric matrices Sociograms Sociometric indices
- 9. SOCIOMETRIC MATRICES It contains most important possibilities and implications for behavioural researcher. Convenient method of tabulation Matrix is a rectangular array of numbers or other symbols
- 11. ADVANTAGES It is inclusive Joint relationship among pairs are recorded Matrices may be combined and compared
- 12. DISADVANTAGES Limited information about members of the group Not suitable for large group Poor graphic device Poor tool for detecting mutual choices and other internal structure of group
- 13. SOCIOGRAM/DIRECTED GRAPHS Diagrammatic representation of internal structure of choices of members of a group
- 14. SOCIOGRAM
- 15. ADVANTAGES Simple and valid method Finding natural or local leader Second leaders May be applied for finding professional leaders Small and medium size groups and for descriptive purposes
- 16. LIMITATIONS Not suitable for larger groups ( > 20 people) and analytic purposes Different individuals can draw different graph with same data Identified individual may not shoulder responsibility He may not be a neutral person Vary over time Don’t provide any reason for acceptance or rejection
- 17. SOCIOMETRIC INDICES One common index is choice status of a person CS= 𝑐 𝑛−1 The value of choice status is the direct index of the individual’s popularity in the group.( sociometric status index ) Choice status of B & C IMG_20181113_234153.jpg B= 4/11-1 = 40 percent
- 18. GROUP COHESIVENESS CO= 𝑖↔𝑗 𝑛 𝑛−1 2 IMG_20181113_234153.jpg CO= 6 11 11−1 2 = 6/55 = 11 percent CO for clique= 3 3 3−1 2 = 100 percent
- 19. SOCIAL COMPATABILITY INDEX Number of mutual choices divided by one less than group size = 6 11−1 =60 percent
- 20. EMOTIONAL EXPANSIVENESS INDEX Sum total of choices divided by no of choices available Emotional expansiveness = (17/22)*100 = 77 percent
- 21. GUESS-WHO TECHNIQUES Hartshorne and May A student is asked to read each descriptive statement and then they will write down the name of the student who best fits that description
- 22. RESEARCH APPLICATIONS OF SOCIOMETRY Prejudice in schools Praise and sociometric choice Animal sociometry Race, belief and sociometric choice.
- 23. APP IN SOCIAL SCIENTIFIC AND EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Simple, economical and naturalistic method of observation and data collection Human actions such as choosing, influencing, dominating, communicating esp in group situations are needed. Considerable flexibility Adapted to wide variety of research in lab and field Discover cliques in groups, communication and influence channels, patterns of cohesiveness, connectedness, hierarchization
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