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SOFT SOIL
STABILIZATION USING
NANO MATERIALS
PRESENTED BY : KANAV CHANDAN
MTECH GEOTECH. ENGG. (REGULAR)
UNIVERSITY ROLL NO. 1505673
CLASS ROLL NO. 2602/15
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF :
DR. SANJEEV NAVAL
(HEAD & ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)
CONTENTS
 SOIL STABILIZATION
 CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF SOIL STABILIZATION
 MODERN TECHNIQUES OF SOIL STABILIZATION
 DEFINITIONS
 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOIL STABILIZATION USING NANO
MATERIALS
 DIFFERENT NANO MATERIALS USED
SOIL STABILIZATION
 Stabilization in a broad sense incorporates the various methods employed for
modifying the properties of a soil to improve its engineering performance.
 Stabilization is being used for a variety of engineering works, the most common
application being in the construction of road and airfield pavements, where the
main objective is to increase the strength or stability of soil and to reduce the
construction cost by making best use of locally available materials.
CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF SOIL
STABILIZATION
 Mechanical Stabilization
 Lime Stabilization
 Cement Stabilization
 Chemical Stabilization
 Bituminous Stabilization
 Thermal Stabilization
 Electrical Stabilization
MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL
STABILIZATION
In modern time, some new techniques are used for stabilizing the soils. Some of
these are:
 Stabilization using Geo-synthetics, Geo-polymers etc.
 Stabilization using Nano Materials.
DEFINITIONS
 Nanotechnology
 Science that revolves around the creation of a varied collection of nano materials &
nano particle along with nano objects.
 Nano material additives are used in soil improvement.
 They improve the Maximum Dry Density, Atterberg’s Limits, Compaction
Characteristics and Unconfined Compressive Strength of the soft soil.
 Nanometer
 A nanometer is a unit of spatial measurement that is 10-9 meter, or one billionth of a
meter.
DIFFERENT NANO MATERIALS USED
1.1 Nano Titanium Oxide (TiO2) and Nano Fly ash
1.2 Nano Clay
1.3 Nano Magnesium Oxide (MgO)
1.4 Nano Copper Oxide (CuO)
1.5 Nano Silica (SiO2)
1.1 STABILIZATION BY NANO FLY
ASH & BY NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
Following are the properties
 Atterberg’s Limits
 Compaction Characteristics
1.1.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS
 Liquid Limit • PLASTIC LIMIT
 Shrinkage limit
1.1.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS (CONT.)
 OMC
1.1.2 COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS
• MDD
 On adding Nanomaterials the Liquid Limit decreased from 150% to 49% in case
of Nano Fly Ash and about 150% to 70% in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide.
 On adding Nanomaterials the Plastic Limit decreased from 80% to 30% in case of
Nano Fly Ash and 80% to 39% in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide.
 On adding Nanomaterials the Shrinkage Limit decreased from 60% to 20% in case
of Nano Fly Ash and about 60% to 18% in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide.
 OMC decreased from 30% to 22% for Nano Fly Ash and 30% to 21% in case of
Nano Titanium Dioxide.
 On adding Nanomaterials the MDD increased from 1.360 g/cc to 1.430 g/cc in
case of Nano Fly Ash and 1.360 g/cc to 1.400 g/cc in case of Nano Titanium
Dioxide.
RESULTS FROM NANO FLY ASH &
NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
1.2 STABILIZATION BY NANO
MAGNESIUM OXIDE
Following are the properties
 Atterberg’s Limits
 Compaction characteristics
 UCS
1.2.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS
1.2.2 COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS
• OMC • MDD
1.2.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH (UCS)
 On adding Nano MgO the Liquid Limit increased from 46% to 49%.
 On adding Nano MgO the Plastic Limit increased from 27% to 32%.
 On adding Nano MgO the Plasticity Index decreased from 19% to 17%.
 For 1st soil the OMC increased from 21.5% to 25.5% & for 2nd soil OMC
decreased from 24.75% to 22.5% on adding Nano MgO.
 For 1st soil the MDD increased from 14.40 kN/m3 to 14.50 kN/m3 & for 2nd soil
MDD decreased from 15.72 kN/m3 to 16.30 kN/m3 on adding Nano MgO.
 For 1st soil the UCS increased from 90 kPa to 88 kPa & for 2nd soil UCS increased
from 40 kPa to 120 kPa on adding Nano MgO.
RESULTS FROM NANO MgO
1.3 STABILIZATION BY NANO CLAY
Following are the properties
 Atterberg’s Limits
 Compaction characteristics
 UCS
1.3.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS
1.3.2 COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS
• OMC • MDD
1.3.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH (UCS)
RESULTS FROM NANO CLAY
 On adding Nano Clay the Liquid Limit increased from 46% to 49%.
 On adding Nano Clay the Plastic Limit increased from 27% to 32%.
 On adding Nano Clay the Plasticity Index decreased from 19% to 17%.
 For 1st soil the OMC increased from 21.5% to 25.5% & for 2nd soil OMC
decreased from 24.75% to 21.8% on adding Nano Clay.
 For 1st soil the MDD increased from 14.40 kN/m3 to 14.50kN/m3 & for 2nd soil
MDD decreased from 15.72 kN/m3 to 16.20 kN/m3 on adding Nano Clay.
 For 1st soil the UCS increased from 90 kPa to 80 kPa & for 2nd soil UCS increased
from 40 kPa to 130 kPa on adding Nano Clay.
1.4 STABILIZATION BY NANO COPPER
Following are the properties
 Atterberg’s Limits
 Compaction characteristics
 UCS
1.4.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS
1.4.2 COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS
• OMC • MDD
1.4.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH (UCS)
RESULTS FROM NANO Cu
 On adding Nano Cu the Liquid Limit increased from 46% to 48%.
 On adding Nano Cu the Plastic Limit increased from 27% to 29%.
 On adding Nano Cu the Plasticity Index remains same.
 For 1st soil the OMC increased from 21.5% to 26.2% & for 2nd soil OMC
decreased from 24.75% to 22.5% on adding Nano Cu.
 For 1st soil the MDD increased from 14.40 kN/m3 to 14.75 kN/m3 & for 2nd soil
MDD remains same on adding Nano Cu.
 For 1st soil the UCS increased from 90 kPa to 70 kPa & for 2nd soil UCS increased
from 40 kPa to 270 kPa on adding Nano Cu.
1.5 STABILIZATION BY NANO SILICA
Following are the properties
 Atterberg’s Limits
 Compaction characteristics
 UCS
 LIQUID LIMIT
1.5.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS
 SHRINKAGE LIMIT
1.5.2 COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS
• OMC • MDD
1.5.3 UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE
STRENGTH (UCS)
RESULTS FROM NANO SILICA
 For 1st soil Liquid Limit changes from 51% to 56% & for 2nd soil Liquid Limit
changes from 39% to 42% on adding Nano Silica.
 For 1st soil Shrinkage Limit changes from 9% to 15.9% & for 2nd soil Shrinkage
Limit changes from 8.6% to 13% on adding Nano Silica.
 For 1st soil the OMC increased from 17% to 22% & for 2nd soil OMC decreased
from 15% to 19% on adding Nano Silica.
 For 1st soil the MDD increased from 1.64 g/cc to 1.59 g/cc & for 2nd soil MDD
decreased from 1.80 g/cc to 1.7 g/cc on adding Nano Silica.
 For 1st soil the UCS increased from 0.141 N/mm to .221 N/mm & for 2nd soil UCS
increased from 0.126 N/mm to 0.187 N/mm on adding Nano Silica.
CONCLUSIONS
 It may be concluded that
 Nano materials improve the properties of soft
soils by decreasing their Atterberg;s Limits,
increasing MDD and UCS.
 Addition of even small quantity of these
materials can stabilize a large quantity of soil
because of their more surface area
Soft Soil Stabilization using Nanomaterials

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Soft Soil Stabilization using Nanomaterials

  • 1. SOFT SOIL STABILIZATION USING NANO MATERIALS PRESENTED BY : KANAV CHANDAN MTECH GEOTECH. ENGG. (REGULAR) UNIVERSITY ROLL NO. 1505673 CLASS ROLL NO. 2602/15 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF : DR. SANJEEV NAVAL (HEAD & ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DEPT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING)
  • 2. CONTENTS  SOIL STABILIZATION  CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF SOIL STABILIZATION  MODERN TECHNIQUES OF SOIL STABILIZATION  DEFINITIONS  BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SOIL STABILIZATION USING NANO MATERIALS  DIFFERENT NANO MATERIALS USED
  • 3. SOIL STABILIZATION  Stabilization in a broad sense incorporates the various methods employed for modifying the properties of a soil to improve its engineering performance.  Stabilization is being used for a variety of engineering works, the most common application being in the construction of road and airfield pavements, where the main objective is to increase the strength or stability of soil and to reduce the construction cost by making best use of locally available materials.
  • 4. CONVENTIONAL METHODS OF SOIL STABILIZATION  Mechanical Stabilization  Lime Stabilization  Cement Stabilization  Chemical Stabilization  Bituminous Stabilization  Thermal Stabilization  Electrical Stabilization
  • 5. MODERN TECHNIQUES FOR SOIL STABILIZATION In modern time, some new techniques are used for stabilizing the soils. Some of these are:  Stabilization using Geo-synthetics, Geo-polymers etc.  Stabilization using Nano Materials.
  • 6. DEFINITIONS  Nanotechnology  Science that revolves around the creation of a varied collection of nano materials & nano particle along with nano objects.  Nano material additives are used in soil improvement.  They improve the Maximum Dry Density, Atterberg’s Limits, Compaction Characteristics and Unconfined Compressive Strength of the soft soil.  Nanometer  A nanometer is a unit of spatial measurement that is 10-9 meter, or one billionth of a meter.
  • 7. DIFFERENT NANO MATERIALS USED 1.1 Nano Titanium Oxide (TiO2) and Nano Fly ash 1.2 Nano Clay 1.3 Nano Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 1.4 Nano Copper Oxide (CuO) 1.5 Nano Silica (SiO2)
  • 8. 1.1 STABILIZATION BY NANO FLY ASH & BY NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE Following are the properties  Atterberg’s Limits  Compaction Characteristics
  • 9. 1.1.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS  Liquid Limit • PLASTIC LIMIT
  • 10.  Shrinkage limit 1.1.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS (CONT.)
  • 11.  OMC 1.1.2 COMPACTION CHARACTERISTICS • MDD
  • 12.  On adding Nanomaterials the Liquid Limit decreased from 150% to 49% in case of Nano Fly Ash and about 150% to 70% in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide.  On adding Nanomaterials the Plastic Limit decreased from 80% to 30% in case of Nano Fly Ash and 80% to 39% in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide.  On adding Nanomaterials the Shrinkage Limit decreased from 60% to 20% in case of Nano Fly Ash and about 60% to 18% in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide.  OMC decreased from 30% to 22% for Nano Fly Ash and 30% to 21% in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide.  On adding Nanomaterials the MDD increased from 1.360 g/cc to 1.430 g/cc in case of Nano Fly Ash and 1.360 g/cc to 1.400 g/cc in case of Nano Titanium Dioxide. RESULTS FROM NANO FLY ASH & NANO TITANIUM DIOXIDE
  • 13. 1.2 STABILIZATION BY NANO MAGNESIUM OXIDE Following are the properties  Atterberg’s Limits  Compaction characteristics  UCS
  • 17.  On adding Nano MgO the Liquid Limit increased from 46% to 49%.  On adding Nano MgO the Plastic Limit increased from 27% to 32%.  On adding Nano MgO the Plasticity Index decreased from 19% to 17%.  For 1st soil the OMC increased from 21.5% to 25.5% & for 2nd soil OMC decreased from 24.75% to 22.5% on adding Nano MgO.  For 1st soil the MDD increased from 14.40 kN/m3 to 14.50 kN/m3 & for 2nd soil MDD decreased from 15.72 kN/m3 to 16.30 kN/m3 on adding Nano MgO.  For 1st soil the UCS increased from 90 kPa to 88 kPa & for 2nd soil UCS increased from 40 kPa to 120 kPa on adding Nano MgO. RESULTS FROM NANO MgO
  • 18. 1.3 STABILIZATION BY NANO CLAY Following are the properties  Atterberg’s Limits  Compaction characteristics  UCS
  • 22. RESULTS FROM NANO CLAY  On adding Nano Clay the Liquid Limit increased from 46% to 49%.  On adding Nano Clay the Plastic Limit increased from 27% to 32%.  On adding Nano Clay the Plasticity Index decreased from 19% to 17%.  For 1st soil the OMC increased from 21.5% to 25.5% & for 2nd soil OMC decreased from 24.75% to 21.8% on adding Nano Clay.  For 1st soil the MDD increased from 14.40 kN/m3 to 14.50kN/m3 & for 2nd soil MDD decreased from 15.72 kN/m3 to 16.20 kN/m3 on adding Nano Clay.  For 1st soil the UCS increased from 90 kPa to 80 kPa & for 2nd soil UCS increased from 40 kPa to 130 kPa on adding Nano Clay.
  • 23. 1.4 STABILIZATION BY NANO COPPER Following are the properties  Atterberg’s Limits  Compaction characteristics  UCS
  • 27. RESULTS FROM NANO Cu  On adding Nano Cu the Liquid Limit increased from 46% to 48%.  On adding Nano Cu the Plastic Limit increased from 27% to 29%.  On adding Nano Cu the Plasticity Index remains same.  For 1st soil the OMC increased from 21.5% to 26.2% & for 2nd soil OMC decreased from 24.75% to 22.5% on adding Nano Cu.  For 1st soil the MDD increased from 14.40 kN/m3 to 14.75 kN/m3 & for 2nd soil MDD remains same on adding Nano Cu.  For 1st soil the UCS increased from 90 kPa to 70 kPa & for 2nd soil UCS increased from 40 kPa to 270 kPa on adding Nano Cu.
  • 28. 1.5 STABILIZATION BY NANO SILICA Following are the properties  Atterberg’s Limits  Compaction characteristics  UCS
  • 29.  LIQUID LIMIT 1.5.1 ATTERBERG’S LIMITS  SHRINKAGE LIMIT
  • 32. RESULTS FROM NANO SILICA  For 1st soil Liquid Limit changes from 51% to 56% & for 2nd soil Liquid Limit changes from 39% to 42% on adding Nano Silica.  For 1st soil Shrinkage Limit changes from 9% to 15.9% & for 2nd soil Shrinkage Limit changes from 8.6% to 13% on adding Nano Silica.  For 1st soil the OMC increased from 17% to 22% & for 2nd soil OMC decreased from 15% to 19% on adding Nano Silica.  For 1st soil the MDD increased from 1.64 g/cc to 1.59 g/cc & for 2nd soil MDD decreased from 1.80 g/cc to 1.7 g/cc on adding Nano Silica.  For 1st soil the UCS increased from 0.141 N/mm to .221 N/mm & for 2nd soil UCS increased from 0.126 N/mm to 0.187 N/mm on adding Nano Silica.
  • 33. CONCLUSIONS  It may be concluded that  Nano materials improve the properties of soft soils by decreasing their Atterberg;s Limits, increasing MDD and UCS.  Addition of even small quantity of these materials can stabilize a large quantity of soil because of their more surface area