The document compares BIM, CAD, and manual measurement techniques at different stages of construction projects. At the preparation/briefing stage, BIM enables better communication and site planning but has high costs and requires buy-in. CAD increases productivity but has high initial costs. Manual measurement has no training needs but is time-consuming. At the design stage, BIM enables accurate design visualization and consistent drawings but requires experts. CAD handles more workloads but amendments must be manual. Manual measurement satisfies clients but has human errors and is time-consuming. At the pre-construction stage, BIM improves building performance and estimates costs but has legal barriers. CAD ensures accuracy but small errors cause big problems. Manual measurement has lower risks of lost