Designing to Enhance Construction
Planning & Monitoring
Firas Hijazi - CCC
Presentation Flow
PAT Target
Barriers and gaps
Emerging technologies and practices
Leading practice use-case
Approach & Benefits Realized
PAT# 6 Automated Design
Through Design Process Improvements — Boost
construction productivity by 10% and support improvement
in handover and facility operations. 59 Success Enablers
The Challenge: barriers and gaps
• Different systems used by E, P and C
• Integration among different silos (Engineering, Procurement, Construction)
• Sub-optimization by E & P
• No proper flow of information from engineering to construction and back
• Different interpretations of contractual requirements
• No clear definition of project deliverables & responsibilities
• Changes in regulations and requirements
• We are the “C” in “EPC”. We have no control on Engineering or Procurement
• Contractor cannot ask suppliers/vendors for more than what agreed with EP
company
Project Control Strategy
• Reliant Pull-Driven Technique optimize supply chain rather than sub optimization
• Proper Project Work Breakdown Structure
• Integrated EPC schedule with Emphasis on Handover
• 3D/BIM models built progressively based on Handover requirements
• Early-on Cooperation with the Partners
• Electronic Data Interfaces (EDI): Standards and specifications for integrating
with partners and subcontractors
• Standardized Object naming convention to be used by all participants.
• Path of construction
• 3 Months Look-Ahead Schedule and Material forward plan
• Reliable 3 weeks Look-Ahead Schedule
All rights reserved to CCC
5
Emerging Technologies and Practices
• Build a central secured & integrated data warehouse to be utilized by all
stakeholders
• Visual BIM-based/3D Model (Model-based scheduling)
• Simulation (4D planning) (Integrate schedule data with model data)
• Laser scanning (As-built) and feedback to engineering
• AWP
• Common alignment process among contractors, EP, Owner, suppliers, etc.
starting from the kick-off meeting after project award (full life-cycle of project
execution)
• Building Workflows around efficient collaboration environment (EDMS, RFI,
3D/I-Room Collaboration)
• It is highly recommended that owners come on board
EngineeringCenter
Perth
ConstructionSites
CentralProcurement
Department
AUH
ClientCentralOffice
MMS
Material
Management
InControl
Doc./Engr.
Prog Control
INSTRUMENT
INDEX
CABLE/DRUM
SCHEDULE
Pipe
Comp
Data
Pipe
Material
Drawings
ISO,GA
3DDesignSystem
Instr.List/
Instr.Datasheet
LoopDiagrams
Instr.Details
ConnectionDiag
Cable/Raceway
Sch.
MRs
PipingSpecs,
MTO,BOM
Reports
E&I
MR, BOM
Instr.
Tags
Instr.
Termination
Cable,
RacewayData
TALISMAN
IDFFiles
(Model/Material)
C3DQ
WalkThrou
Drawings
MaterialCatalog
MRs,EngrMTOs
LineList
Cables,Raceway
MR, BOM
TALISO
Spooling
Visual Byblos
Doc. Mgmt.
SpoolData
SpoolMTO
SpoolDrawings
Cable/Drum
Data
MaterialStatus
Shipping,PO,
MaterialShortage
Reports
ErectionDrawings
MTO
MemberList
Boltlist
Fabrication
Drawings
StruCAD
Transmittal
Logs
Transmittal
Logs
ForwardPlanning
MTO
MaterialCat.
LineList
StructuralSteelFabricator
InstrumentData
Doc.
Register/Status
3DModelExtracts
PYRAMID
EPC Progress/
3-week L-aheads
Engr.Prog.
Proc.Prog.
Marian
MaterialCatalog
MRs,EngrMTOs
LineList
Primavera
Planning/Sch.PlannedDates Planned&ActualDates
Syncronize
R.O.S.
Dates
POs&Expediting
DataUpdates
ATL AS
Certification
ArcInfo/
Arcview
GIS
SurveyingData
Data
Warehouse
ArcInfo/
Arcview
GIS
ShapeFiles,
Geodata
ProgressData
QA/QCData
LineLists,TagLists,etc.
Dynamic
Linking
Procurement
System
ClientPO's/
Expediting
Data
Docummentum
Doc. Management
Documents
Data
Typical EDI Workflow Plan
Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group Issam El-Absi, General Manager BIM CCC Centers
Midfield Terminal Building
Abu Dhabi, UAE
General Figures
Built Up Area : 700 000 m2
Project Value : $ 3 Billion
Piers Aircraft Capacity : 65
Number of Gates : 106
Passenger Capacity : 8500 / Hr
Check in Counters : 165
BHS Capacity : 19000 / Hr
BHS Length : 22 Kilometers
MTL
MTB
MTA
REQUIREMENTS
Engineering
- Clash Mitigation and Design Coordination
- Develop and Implement an RFI system
- Extract and Support the development of Shop drawings
- Realistic digital mock-ups
Project Controls / Planning
- Cost Estimation
- 4D studies, link to Primavera, Optimize Construction Schedule
- Show Project resources ( labor, material and equipment )
- Progress monitoring and control
- What if scenarios
Contractual & Quantity Surveying
- Quantity take-off and measurements
- Variation orders management and visualization
Manufacturing
- Digital fabrication
Handing over :
- As – Built
- FM / AM Integration
- O&M Integration
E D I
Electronic Data Interchange
Aim
Arrangement and transformation of the BIM
CAD files and information created by the JV &
Subcontractors to project (TCAJV) BIM platform
CAD Non Compliance Reports
Clash Detection Reports (List)
PDF Files for each Clash
Automated RFI’s from Navigator
i-Model Bentley
Navigator v8i
Contains Geometry
& Data
JV Engineering
Review Board
CAD Management
& Quality Control
i-Room
Design Review Sessions & Clash
Detection
Checking CAD Compliance
Standards
Project Document
Control
(VBC)
Collaboration
Bentley
3D Based
Viewer
RFI
Workflow
Transmittals
Clashes Resolved
JV BIM
Team
BIM Platform
Authoring & Integration
(BENTLEY)
BIM Deliverables
3D Geometry, Data, Design
(if applicable)and Drawings
(Detailed for Construction
& Fabrication)
QA/QC&EDI
Procedure
Non-Compliance
Reports
IFC Drawings and IFC BIM
(if applicable/Available)
BIM & Drawings
by Subcontractors &
Fabricators
BIM Deliverables
3D Geometry, Data, Design
(if applicable)and Drawings
(Detailed for Construction
& Fabrication)
Non-Compliance
Reports
Project Document
Control (VBC)
SQL Database
(Contains Data)
i-Model
(Contains Geometry
& Data)
C3D Interactive
Enviroment
(CCC)
SQL
Database
Pyramid
ATLAS
(QA/QC)
Estimation/
Buget
TalismanPrimavera P6
SQL
Database
SQL
Database
REPORTING
Planning Reports
Sum of BOQs
Sum of Resources
QS Reports
Cost Control Reports
Visual Progress Reports
ProjectControlWorkflows–C3D
Collaboration & Design Review
– Constructability Studies/Clash
Detection
PROJECTWIS
E
Upload BIM Models / 2d Drawings
Benefits
• Common language for graphical and
textual data exchange
• Interoperability
• Integration of all BIM information from all
disciplines
• Data integrity and lifecycle management
3 D MO D E L L I N G
Bentley Tools allowed for :
• Intelligent models generation
• Addressed the complex design
• Visualized engineering situation
through all construction phases
3D Modeling
Bentley Tools allowed for :
• Intelligent models generation
• Addressed the complex design
• Visualized engineering situation through
all construction phases
BIM Based Material Take-Off
ROI : BIM Methods Reduced The Number of Quantity Surveying Team
from 60 to 6 - 90% Saving in Direct Cost
Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group
Object Naming: Asset Tagging
Structural Object Tagging
Objects are tagged based on
agreed WBS ensuring
uniqueness of each element.
Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group
Fabrication
SINGLE HEIGHT PAVILIONS FOR PIERS P1, P2 AND P3
POSTS AND FIXATIONS
Fabrication CENRE SPACE STRUCTURE
MAIN ARCHES AND BACKSTAYS
Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group
TRANSITION FROM LOD 300 TO LOD 400
Document Lifecycle Management
and Traceability
ROI : Integrating BIM with Document Management Systems Enabled
Visual Document Lifecycle Management and Traceability
Facilitating Contractual Case Building and Claims Support
Collaboration
Project Wise
Enforced Workflow
Workflow in PW Explorer
ROI :
Automatic Versions/Revisions
Automatic Notifications
Better Performance By Working Locally
File Tracking
File Information from within Explorer
Custom File Attributes
Number File Check-Out Window
File Check-In Window
Powerful and Fast Search Capability
Review
- Model created by
WIP Team
- Review by QC Team
- Others can see but
not change
- Accessible to Third Party
(S/Cs, Client, Engineering)
- Model Ready For Coordination
(LOD400)
- Model locked as
Final Version
(LOD400/500)
FinalPublishWIP
Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group
ROI
Innovative Methods For BIM Based
Collaboration
Collaboration
i - Room
Reduced The Cycle Of Critical RFI’S
From 28 Days Down to (7 to 2) days
Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group
Clash Detection With Bentley Navigator
Markups
Clashes Tags
Clash Detection
 Reduction Of Costly On-Site Errors
 Time Saving
 Quality Improvement Of The Design
 Making Reliable Decisions
 Reducing Risks
Clash Detection
Report Markup/Resolve Clashes (RFI)
4D Simulation
Main Façade Mullions
BIM
SD
MEP
MS
AECOM
FABRICATION
DELIVERY
CONSTRUCTION
L0.0-B
E&M Ceiling (SEI)
BIM
SD
MEP
MS
AECOM
FABRICATION
DELIVERY
CONSTRUCTION 10-Aug-13
L0.1-P
MTC-2 Plate Girder
ErectionBIM
SD
MEP
MS
AECOM
FABRICATION
DELIVERY
CONSTRUCTION 28-May-13
L0.0-B1:2
L0.0 Facade Mullions Supports
BIM
SD
MEP
MS
AECOM
FABRICATION
DELIVERY
CONSTRUCTION 16-Jun-13
L0.0-B2:6
E&M Ceiling (SEI)
BIM
SD
MEP
MS
AECOM
FABRICATION
DELIVERY
CONSTRUCTION 10-Aug-13
L0.0-B2:6
Blast Columns Erection
BIM
SD
MEP
MS
AECOM
FABRICATION
DELIVERY
CONSTRUCTION 12-Jun-13
LB2-L0.0
4D Simulation
Site Condition on October 10th
4D Simulation Proved less than 20%
of Effective Utilization
Cancelled Costly Non Feasible Investment
Temporary Buttress Support Area
CSCEC’s Access Route onto L0.0 Slab
B
7
L1.
0
L0.
2
L0
Levels
BIM Methods Eliminated the Acquisition
of 5 New Tower Cranes
ROI:
Construction Sequence
Internal Logistics
Progressive Interface
Infrastructure Master Plan
Site Profile
Civil Works
Cranes
Permanent & Temporary
Utilities
Temporary Welfare
Facilities & Laydowns
Scope of Work
& Scope Phasing Plan
ROI : BIM Workflows facilitated and managed
the complex Interface Coordination Process
eliminating Costly Delays, rework and Claims
between Stakeholders
BIM LASER SCANNING – AS BUILD
BIM LASER SCANNING – AS BUILT
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Designing to Enhance Construction Planning & Monitoring

  • 1. Designing to Enhance Construction Planning & Monitoring Firas Hijazi - CCC
  • 2. Presentation Flow PAT Target Barriers and gaps Emerging technologies and practices Leading practice use-case Approach & Benefits Realized
  • 3. PAT# 6 Automated Design Through Design Process Improvements — Boost construction productivity by 10% and support improvement in handover and facility operations. 59 Success Enablers
  • 4. The Challenge: barriers and gaps • Different systems used by E, P and C • Integration among different silos (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) • Sub-optimization by E & P • No proper flow of information from engineering to construction and back • Different interpretations of contractual requirements • No clear definition of project deliverables & responsibilities • Changes in regulations and requirements • We are the “C” in “EPC”. We have no control on Engineering or Procurement • Contractor cannot ask suppliers/vendors for more than what agreed with EP company
  • 5. Project Control Strategy • Reliant Pull-Driven Technique optimize supply chain rather than sub optimization • Proper Project Work Breakdown Structure • Integrated EPC schedule with Emphasis on Handover • 3D/BIM models built progressively based on Handover requirements • Early-on Cooperation with the Partners • Electronic Data Interfaces (EDI): Standards and specifications for integrating with partners and subcontractors • Standardized Object naming convention to be used by all participants. • Path of construction • 3 Months Look-Ahead Schedule and Material forward plan • Reliable 3 weeks Look-Ahead Schedule All rights reserved to CCC 5
  • 6. Emerging Technologies and Practices • Build a central secured & integrated data warehouse to be utilized by all stakeholders • Visual BIM-based/3D Model (Model-based scheduling) • Simulation (4D planning) (Integrate schedule data with model data) • Laser scanning (As-built) and feedback to engineering • AWP • Common alignment process among contractors, EP, Owner, suppliers, etc. starting from the kick-off meeting after project award (full life-cycle of project execution) • Building Workflows around efficient collaboration environment (EDMS, RFI, 3D/I-Room Collaboration) • It is highly recommended that owners come on board
  • 7. EngineeringCenter Perth ConstructionSites CentralProcurement Department AUH ClientCentralOffice MMS Material Management InControl Doc./Engr. Prog Control INSTRUMENT INDEX CABLE/DRUM SCHEDULE Pipe Comp Data Pipe Material Drawings ISO,GA 3DDesignSystem Instr.List/ Instr.Datasheet LoopDiagrams Instr.Details ConnectionDiag Cable/Raceway Sch. MRs PipingSpecs, MTO,BOM Reports E&I MR, BOM Instr. Tags Instr. Termination Cable, RacewayData TALISMAN IDFFiles (Model/Material) C3DQ WalkThrou Drawings MaterialCatalog MRs,EngrMTOs LineList Cables,Raceway MR, BOM TALISO Spooling Visual Byblos Doc. Mgmt. SpoolData SpoolMTO SpoolDrawings Cable/Drum Data MaterialStatus Shipping,PO, MaterialShortage Reports ErectionDrawings MTO MemberList Boltlist Fabrication Drawings StruCAD Transmittal Logs Transmittal Logs ForwardPlanning MTO MaterialCat. LineList StructuralSteelFabricator InstrumentData Doc. Register/Status 3DModelExtracts PYRAMID EPC Progress/ 3-week L-aheads Engr.Prog. Proc.Prog. Marian MaterialCatalog MRs,EngrMTOs LineList Primavera Planning/Sch.PlannedDates Planned&ActualDates Syncronize R.O.S. Dates POs&Expediting DataUpdates ATL AS Certification ArcInfo/ Arcview GIS SurveyingData Data Warehouse ArcInfo/ Arcview GIS ShapeFiles, Geodata ProgressData QA/QCData LineLists,TagLists,etc. Dynamic Linking Procurement System ClientPO's/ Expediting Data Docummentum Doc. Management Documents Data Typical EDI Workflow Plan
  • 8. Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group Issam El-Absi, General Manager BIM CCC Centers Midfield Terminal Building Abu Dhabi, UAE
  • 9. General Figures Built Up Area : 700 000 m2 Project Value : $ 3 Billion Piers Aircraft Capacity : 65 Number of Gates : 106 Passenger Capacity : 8500 / Hr Check in Counters : 165 BHS Capacity : 19000 / Hr BHS Length : 22 Kilometers MTL MTB MTA
  • 10. REQUIREMENTS Engineering - Clash Mitigation and Design Coordination - Develop and Implement an RFI system - Extract and Support the development of Shop drawings - Realistic digital mock-ups Project Controls / Planning - Cost Estimation - 4D studies, link to Primavera, Optimize Construction Schedule - Show Project resources ( labor, material and equipment ) - Progress monitoring and control - What if scenarios Contractual & Quantity Surveying - Quantity take-off and measurements - Variation orders management and visualization Manufacturing - Digital fabrication Handing over : - As – Built - FM / AM Integration - O&M Integration
  • 11. E D I Electronic Data Interchange Aim Arrangement and transformation of the BIM CAD files and information created by the JV & Subcontractors to project (TCAJV) BIM platform CAD Non Compliance Reports Clash Detection Reports (List) PDF Files for each Clash Automated RFI’s from Navigator i-Model Bentley Navigator v8i Contains Geometry & Data JV Engineering Review Board CAD Management & Quality Control i-Room Design Review Sessions & Clash Detection Checking CAD Compliance Standards Project Document Control (VBC) Collaboration Bentley 3D Based Viewer RFI Workflow Transmittals Clashes Resolved JV BIM Team BIM Platform Authoring & Integration (BENTLEY) BIM Deliverables 3D Geometry, Data, Design (if applicable)and Drawings (Detailed for Construction & Fabrication) QA/QC&EDI Procedure Non-Compliance Reports IFC Drawings and IFC BIM (if applicable/Available) BIM & Drawings by Subcontractors & Fabricators BIM Deliverables 3D Geometry, Data, Design (if applicable)and Drawings (Detailed for Construction & Fabrication) Non-Compliance Reports Project Document Control (VBC) SQL Database (Contains Data) i-Model (Contains Geometry & Data) C3D Interactive Enviroment (CCC) SQL Database Pyramid ATLAS (QA/QC) Estimation/ Buget TalismanPrimavera P6 SQL Database SQL Database REPORTING Planning Reports Sum of BOQs Sum of Resources QS Reports Cost Control Reports Visual Progress Reports ProjectControlWorkflows–C3D Collaboration & Design Review – Constructability Studies/Clash Detection PROJECTWIS E Upload BIM Models / 2d Drawings Benefits • Common language for graphical and textual data exchange • Interoperability • Integration of all BIM information from all disciplines • Data integrity and lifecycle management
  • 12. 3 D MO D E L L I N G Bentley Tools allowed for : • Intelligent models generation • Addressed the complex design • Visualized engineering situation through all construction phases 3D Modeling Bentley Tools allowed for : • Intelligent models generation • Addressed the complex design • Visualized engineering situation through all construction phases
  • 13. BIM Based Material Take-Off ROI : BIM Methods Reduced The Number of Quantity Surveying Team from 60 to 6 - 90% Saving in Direct Cost
  • 14. Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group Object Naming: Asset Tagging Structural Object Tagging Objects are tagged based on agreed WBS ensuring uniqueness of each element.
  • 15. Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group Fabrication SINGLE HEIGHT PAVILIONS FOR PIERS P1, P2 AND P3 POSTS AND FIXATIONS
  • 16. Fabrication CENRE SPACE STRUCTURE MAIN ARCHES AND BACKSTAYS Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group TRANSITION FROM LOD 300 TO LOD 400
  • 17. Document Lifecycle Management and Traceability ROI : Integrating BIM with Document Management Systems Enabled Visual Document Lifecycle Management and Traceability Facilitating Contractual Case Building and Claims Support
  • 18. Collaboration Project Wise Enforced Workflow Workflow in PW Explorer ROI : Automatic Versions/Revisions Automatic Notifications Better Performance By Working Locally File Tracking File Information from within Explorer Custom File Attributes Number File Check-Out Window File Check-In Window Powerful and Fast Search Capability Review - Model created by WIP Team - Review by QC Team - Others can see but not change - Accessible to Third Party (S/Cs, Client, Engineering) - Model Ready For Coordination (LOD400) - Model locked as Final Version (LOD400/500) FinalPublishWIP Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group
  • 19. ROI Innovative Methods For BIM Based Collaboration Collaboration i - Room Reduced The Cycle Of Critical RFI’S From 28 Days Down to (7 to 2) days Building Information Modeling (BIM) CCC Group
  • 20. Clash Detection With Bentley Navigator Markups Clashes Tags Clash Detection  Reduction Of Costly On-Site Errors  Time Saving  Quality Improvement Of The Design  Making Reliable Decisions  Reducing Risks
  • 23. Main Façade Mullions BIM SD MEP MS AECOM FABRICATION DELIVERY CONSTRUCTION L0.0-B E&M Ceiling (SEI) BIM SD MEP MS AECOM FABRICATION DELIVERY CONSTRUCTION 10-Aug-13 L0.1-P MTC-2 Plate Girder ErectionBIM SD MEP MS AECOM FABRICATION DELIVERY CONSTRUCTION 28-May-13 L0.0-B1:2 L0.0 Facade Mullions Supports BIM SD MEP MS AECOM FABRICATION DELIVERY CONSTRUCTION 16-Jun-13 L0.0-B2:6 E&M Ceiling (SEI) BIM SD MEP MS AECOM FABRICATION DELIVERY CONSTRUCTION 10-Aug-13 L0.0-B2:6 Blast Columns Erection BIM SD MEP MS AECOM FABRICATION DELIVERY CONSTRUCTION 12-Jun-13 LB2-L0.0 4D Simulation
  • 24. Site Condition on October 10th 4D Simulation Proved less than 20% of Effective Utilization Cancelled Costly Non Feasible Investment Temporary Buttress Support Area CSCEC’s Access Route onto L0.0 Slab B 7 L1. 0 L0. 2 L0 Levels BIM Methods Eliminated the Acquisition of 5 New Tower Cranes ROI: Construction Sequence Internal Logistics
  • 25. Progressive Interface Infrastructure Master Plan Site Profile Civil Works Cranes Permanent & Temporary Utilities Temporary Welfare Facilities & Laydowns Scope of Work & Scope Phasing Plan ROI : BIM Workflows facilitated and managed the complex Interface Coordination Process eliminating Costly Delays, rework and Claims between Stakeholders
  • 26. BIM LASER SCANNING – AS BUILD
  • 27. BIM LASER SCANNING – AS BUILT

Editor's Notes

  • #5: Triforma and Revit 3D for clash checking Non-modeled items (Cables) Partnering with EP, not imposing C to be involved in supplier/vendor meetings in order to agree on requirements (Steel structure delivery by bay rather than weight) Asking supplier for 3D Model in case of packages like boiler for example. Another example is the delivery of structural steel where the manufacturer delivers by weight rather than by completed bay. (not anymore)
  • #6: Assure availability of required resources before start of activity. Emphasize productivity through the full work chain vs. individual activities Prevent sub-optimization WBS: Project/Area/ sub area/ fragnet /activity/object/operation (Engineering usually stops at level 3) Data transfer, contents, media of transfer, format, frequency, etc.
  • #7: 3D Model built with proper WBS Front End Loading in AWP Workflow and notifications on delays, revision, On-Hold, etc. Defining the information to be handed over at each stage to the next subsequent stage Using mobiles for raising RFIs Cost and Schedule impact for any change EWPs to be defined in coordination between EP & C in order to be in line with construction WBS: Most engineering deliverables are at level 3 of the WBS Need to be on level 4 Extend CWP to be multidiscipline (work-fronts) to prevent sub-optimization. Engineering delays to be shared with contractor It is highly recommended that owners come on board because: Project Cost is not only EPC. O and M is a big part of the cost (Handover)
  • #8: Mapping documents related to each object Level of details (LOD) Naming convension Update frequency & Change Management Model format from S/C
  • #12: But we understood the challenge, we have been doing that for the last 15 years But this is a huge scale, a complex design, many obstacles and very demanding stakeholders …so many participants in the process
  • #13: It is important to highlight the fact that the extreme complexity of the project could be handled effectively within our Authoring solutions…This was an important factor in our decision to keep on using Bentley as our main BIM platform for this project
  • #20: In addition to a collaboration solution we thought of a way to attract the client and other stake holders like subcontractors to come and be excited about solving the different issues together on the same table… This was an innovative idea, where we have worked with Sharp Technologies to customize for us this Video wall It consists of 9 big screens with a total dimension of 4 m width x 2.4 m high Each screen is connected with a very robust machine that has a 10 fingers touch screen It can host up to 9 subcontractors at the same time… This I-Room hosts daily meetings that address different problems in construction and many of them could be solved in very fast and efficient way We managed using such technology to cut down the lenghy RFI process from 28 days down to 7 and in some cases 2 days
  • #24: 4D simulation studies is another field that all of us are making benefits out its utilization to make sure that our construction schedules are construable. It is worth mentioning that In our studies we always include temporary elements (such as scaffolding, formwork, propping….) equipment's, tower cranes , accessibility
  • #27: 4D simulation studies is another field that all of us are making benefits out its utilization to make sure that our construction schedules are construable. It is worth mentioning that In our studies we always include temporary elements (such as scaffolding, formwork, propping….) equipment's, tower cranes , accessibility
  • #28: 4D simulation studies is another field that all of us are making benefits out its utilization to make sure that our construction schedules are construable. It is worth mentioning that In our studies we always include temporary elements (such as scaffolding, formwork, propping….) equipment's, tower cranes , accessibility