Soil database of China and carbon dynamics at regional scale by Xue-Zheng Shi
1 like874 views
This document discusses the role and importance of China's soil database, highlighting various digital soil maps and soil attribute data critical for understanding soil carbon dynamics and environmental impacts at regional scales. It emphasizes the necessity of detailed soil data for research purposes, including the complexities of soil mapping and implications for agriculture and climate change. Additionally, the document outlines various research projects utilizing this soil data and suggests potential areas for further study.
Soil database of China and carbon dynamics at regional scale by Xue-Zheng Shi
- 1. Soil database of China and carbon dynamics at regional scale Xue-Zheng Shi Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China xzshi@issas.ac.cn
- 2. OutlineOutline Role of soil database Multiple digital soil maps of China Soil attribute database of China Soil reference system of China SOC storage of China Scale effect of SOC estimates at regional scale Role of soil database Multiple digital soil maps of China Soil attribute database of China Soil reference system of China SOC storage of China Scale effect of SOC estimates at regional scale
- 3. Soil resourcesSoil resources EnvironmentFood production Food security Climatechange Global warming Role of Soil DatabaseRole of Soil Database Urgent needs of digital soil database of China at multiple scale Soil carbon Soil nitrogen
- 4. Regional soil attribute data Soil attribute: Clay content, soil pH and soil organic matter, etc. Soil depth: 0-20, 20-30, 30-70 and >70 cm Multiple scales: e.g., 1:1,000,000 and 1:50,000 vector data 10*10 km, 2*2 km and 100*100 m raster data What kinds of soil data we need?What kinds of soil data we need?
- 5. Soil Map Whole regions National scale: 1:14,000,000 National scale: 1:4,000,000 National scale: 1:1,000,000 Provincial scale: 1:500,000 Part region City scale: 1:200,000 County scale: 1:50,000 Digital Soil Maps of ChinaDigital Soil Maps of China
- 6. Digital soil map of 1:4,000,000/1:1,000,000Digital soil map of 1:4,000,000/1:1,000,000 1:4,000,000 digital soil map of China 1:1,000,000 digital soil map of China at Orders, suborders, great groups, sub-groups and families
- 7. 1:50,000 digital soil map of county1:50,000 digital soil map of county Map unit is soil series 1:50,000 soil map of Yixing County, Jiangsu Province
- 8. 1: 500,000 1: 1,000,000 1: 2,500,000 1: 4,000,000 1:10,000,000 HebeiHebei ProvinceProvince Digital soil maps at multiple scaleDigital soil maps at multiple scale
- 9. 1:50,000(52034) 1:200,000(6167) 1:500,000(3621) 1:1,000,000(492)1:4,000,000(31) 1:14,000,000(8) Digital soil maps at multiple scaleDigital soil maps at multiple scale Part of thePart of the TaihuTaihu Lake regionLake region
- 10. Distribution of SOM of China (0-10 cm) Soil wilting point of forest (0-10 cm) Distribution of SOM of China’s cropland (0-10 cm) Soil raster data of China 10km*10km or 2km *2km Soil raster data of China 10km*10km or 2km *2km
- 11. . A total of about 20,000 soil profiles, 2,000,000 soil analytical data Orders （sub- orders） Great group s Subgr oups Famili es Soil series Hor izon s Thickn ess （cm） Clay （%） pH O.M. （%） Aa 15 24.5 6.3 2.08 Ap 10 17.5 6.5 1.67 P 25 32.2 7.4 0.58 W1 24 37.9 7.5 0.58 Anthrop ic soil Padd y soil Hydr omor phic paddy soil 马肝 泥田 马肝 土 W2 26 44.1 7.3 0.66 Part attribute data of one soil profile Soil attribute database of ChinaSoil attribute database of China
- 12. The Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, which provided the recent 1:1,000,000 scale Soil Map of China (http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC /External-World-soil- database/HTML/index.html) The soil data provided by X.Z. Shi and others of the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://www.geodata.cn) National Data for Earth Science of China
- 13. The soil data provided by X.Z. Shi and others of the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://www.resdc.cn) Data Center for Resource and Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences Data Center for Environmental and Ecological Sciences of Western China The soil data provided by X.Z. Shi and others of the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn)
- 14. During the years of 2005 ～ 2009 Total 137 research projects used our soil database of China for research of agriculture etc. Show you six cases above App. Date User Unit Scope of Soil Data App. Purpose 27-Dec-05 Research Center for Eco- Environmental Sciences, CAS Regional 中国东部与西部典型区土地利用 变化与比较 07-Mar-06 Beijing Normal University Regional 漳卫南运河子流域源污染SWAT模 型估算研究 18-Sep-06 Peking University Regional 甘肃省西汉水流域水土流失研究 07-Feb-07 Department of Thermal Engineering, Tsinghua University National 中国生物质与煤共气化研究 13-May-08 Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS & MWR National 中国主要水蚀区土壤侵蚀过程与 调控研究 26-Feb-09 Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, CAS National 中国区域历史土地利用覆盖数据 对中国区域气候的影响 Institutions or universities for using soil data of China (reported by data center for resource and environmental science, CAS )
- 15. Happy! It is happy for all soil data user! It is happy for us so many national and international research projects to use our soil database of China Worried! for what??? Existence for our research team in institute In our evaluation system for research team -there is no any score for our team to establish large soil database -focus on more care papers published in international journals, research funding, national awards etc. In order to survive for our research team We should and must do the basic or applied researches based on our soil database of China Happy! It is happy for all soil data user! It is happy for us so many national and international research projects to use our soil database of China Worried! for what??? Existence for our research team in institute In our evaluation system for research team -there is no any score for our team to establish large soil database -focus on more care papers published in international journals, research funding, national awards etc. In order to survive for our research team We should and must do the basic or applied researches based on our soil database of China Happy or Worried?Happy or Worried?
- 16. What kind of research we can do based on our soil database of China? Maybe get good results carry out the following 3 aspects ① Soil reference between soil classification systems ② Regional and national scale effect in soil science ③ Regional soil carbon dynamics and global climate change What kind of research we can do based on our soil database of China? Maybe get good results carry out the following 3 aspects ① Soil reference between soil classification systems ② Regional and national scale effect in soil science ③ Regional soil carbon dynamics and global climate change What kind of research we can do?What kind of research we can do?
- 17. ST (Soil Taxonomy) and WRB (World Reference Base for Soil Resources) is often used in international communication Two soil classification systems in China is in use GSCC (Genetic Soil Classification of China) CST (Chinese Soil Taxonomy The GSCC is different from ST or WRB We need soil reference system from GSCC to ST, WRB and CST Problems using Chinese soil mapsProblems using Chinese soil maps Dilemma? Soil reference SystemSoil reference System
- 18. On basis of soil information from soil survey reports such as “Soil Series of China ” etc. Sort out name of each soil series in GSCC and ST or WRB Link the profile reference to the 1:1,000,000 soil map of China An example for the reference of 3 out of 7,292 soil profiles GSCCSoil profile location County/Province Great group Species Subgroup in ST Qiongshan/ Hainan Latosols Light Latosols Rhodic Paleudults Ji’an/ Jiangxi Red soils Red yellow earth with clayed bottom Plinthudults Wujiang/ Jiangsu Paddy soils Yellow paddy earths Typic Endoaquepts Methods for Study on Soil ReferenceMethods for Study on Soil Reference
- 19. Soil reference bases of China（7292 profiles) Digital soil map of China “PKB” Method (Zhao, Shi et al., SSSAJ, 2006) 1:1,000,000 digital soil map of China Based on ST (soil taxonomy) 1:1,000,000 digital soil map of China Based on ST (soil taxonomy) Digital soil order map of China Based on ST (Soil Taxonomy) suborder, great group, subgroup
- 20. GSCC Soil Order ST Soil order 103 km2 Maxim um RB* （%） GSCC Soil Order ST Soil Order 103 km2 Maxim um RB* （%） Ferralsols Ultisols 727 64.7 Amorphic soils Entisols 1133 69.8 Alfisols Alfisols 716 67.6 Semi-Aquatic soils Inceptisols 650 87.0 Semi-Alfisols Alfisols 232 54.3 Aquatic soils Inceptisols 88.8 60.6 Pedocal Mollisols 417 70.5 Alkali-saline soils Aridisols 82.4 44.9 Aridisols Aridisols 298 97.2 Anthrosols Inceptisols 385 78.7 Desert soils Aridisols 604 100 Alpine soils Inceptisols 996 50.4 *RB: Referencibility Cross-reference Between GSCC orders and ST orders Cross-reference Between GSCC orders and ST orders Shi X. Z. et al., 2006, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70（1）：78-83 Shi X. Z. et al., 2010, Geoderma,154(1): 344-350 Shi X. Z. et al., 2004, Chinese Science Bulletin, 49(14): 1507-1511 Shi X. Z., et al.,2006, Pedosphere 16(2):147-153 Shi X. Z., et al., 2010, Computers and Geosciences, 36: 768-775
- 21. The results of Chinese soil reference system published in SSSAJ, 2006 (1 issue) This is first time for Chinese soil scientist to publish the results in the journal cover Publication
- 22. Current China’s targets for reducing GHG emissions Both afforestation and soil C sequestration can offset the increment of atmospheric CO2 emissions Scale effect ☯ SOC storage estimates in China? ☯ SOC dynamics in crop land of China? Climate change Soil database of China Scale effect and regional soil CarbonScale effect and regional soil Carbon
- 23. What’s the SOC storage in China? How to distribute at regional scales? Problems: estimates of SOC storage at regional scales with great uncertainty Rubey Bohn Post Eswaran Batjes 1951 1976 1990 1993 1996 710 2949 1395 1576 ~1548 J.Y. Fang G.X. Pan S.Q. Wang K.R. Li X.L. Xie D.S. Yu Z.B. Xie Z.P. Li 1996 1999 1999 2003 2004 2005 2007 2007 185 50 100.2 82.65 84.4 89.14 89.61 83.8 Unit：Pg C Problems in estimating SOC storageProblems in estimating SOC storage For global For China Three are more or less 4 times differences
- 24. ResearcherResearcher Soil map scaleSoil map scale (source of area)(source of area) Number ofNumber of soil profilessoil profiles AreaArea (M ha)(M ha) SOC storage (Pg)SOC storage (Pg) J.Y. Fang (1996) 1:10,000,0001:10,000,000 (1978)(1978) 725725 944.9944.9 185185 (0(0--1 m)1 m) G.X. Pan (1999) Soil Series of ChinaSoil Series of China 25002500 915915 5050 (profile depth)(profile depth) S.Q. Wang (2000) 1:4,000,0001:4,000,000 (1988)(1988) 24732473 877.6877.6 92.492.4 (profile depth)(profile depth) F. Jin (2001) 1:4,000,0001:4,000,000 (1988) 36003600 865.2865.2 81.881.8 H.B. Wu (2003) 1:4,000,0001:4,000,000 (unknown) 923923 881.8881.8 77. 477. 4 X.L. Xie (2004) 1:4,000,0001:4,000,000 (2000) 24562456 924924 84.4 (084.4 (0--1 m)1 m) D.S. Yu (2005) 1:100万 (1995) 73007300 928.1928.1 89.14 (089.14 (0--1 m)1 m) Z.B. Xie (2007) Soil Series of China 24732473 870.94870.94 89.61(089.61(0--1 m)1 m) Z.P. Li (2007) 1:4,000,0001:4,000,000 (2000) 24562456 918918 83.8 (083.8 (0--1 m)1 m) More accurate estimates of SOC storage in China (X.Z. Shi and D.S. Yu, 2005) The most detail soil data: detail soil maps and more soil profile data Our results have been used as the initial basic values for regional SOC dynamic research in China. SOC Storage estimates in ChinaSOC Storage estimates in China
- 25. SOCD in China (0-1 m): 96.0 t C/ha SOC storage in China (0-1 m): 89.14 Pg (1015g) Yu D.S et al., 2007, J. Environmental Management, 85: 680-689 Liu Q.H., X.Z. Shi, et al., 2006, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 20 Yu D.S. et al., 2007, Pedosphere. 17(1): 11-18 Land use Farmland Forestland Shrubland Grassland SOCD 92.2 143.3 115.3 82.4 SOC storage 12.20 21.50 25.55 11.34 Soil type SOCD SOC storage Latosols 92.3 0.39 Paddy soils 111.4 5.01 Fluvo-aquic soils 65.4 2.25 Inceptisols (始成土） 102.8 34.39 Alfisols (淋溶土) 134.1 16.41 Distribution of SOCD Basic values of SOC storage in ChinaBasic values of SOC storage in China
- 26. Zhao Y.C., X.S. Shi, et al., 2006, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 70(4). Zhao Y.C., X.Z. Shi, et al., 2005, Chemosphere 59. 21% 'Median' linking method 'Mean' linking method 'PKB' linking method The same linking method different soil map scale The maximum difference: 21% 16% The same soil map scale different linking method The maximum difference: 16% 33% Both soil map scale and linking method are different The maximum difference: 33% Scale effect of SOC storage estimates (Hebei Province) Scale effect of SOC storage estimates (Hebei Province) 1:500,000 1:1,000,000 1:2,500,000 1:4,000,000 1:10,000,000 Factors: soil map scale, soil profile numbers, and linking method between soil spatial and attribute data The more detail soil maps and more soil profiles with the PKB linking method The more accurate SOC storage
- 27. 1:50,000 1:200,000 1:500,000 1:1,000,000 1:4,000,000 1:14,000,000 Scale effect of distribution of SOC Density (Taihu Lake region) Scale effect of distribution of SOC Density (Taihu Lake region)
- 28. -150 -100 -50 0 50 100 150 200 250 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 年 dSOC(106 kg) -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 年 dSO(106 kg) -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 dSOC(106kg) 年 -400 -300 -200 -100 0 100 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 年 dSOC(106 kg) -300 -200 -100 0 100 200 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 年 dSOC(106 kg) -1000 -800 -600 -400 -200 0 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 年 dSOC(106 kg) Scale effect of annual dynamics of SOC storage (Taihu Lake region) Scale effect of annual dynamics of SOC storage (Taihu Lake region) Scale of soil data: 1 : 50,000 1 : 200,000 1 : 500,000 1 : 1,000,000 1 : 4,000,000 1 : 14,000,000 The year from 1982 to 2000 Using DNDC to modeling SOC storage of paddy soils
- 29. Xu S.X., X. Z. Shi, et al., 2011,Geoderma, 166: 206-213. Xu S.X., X.Z. Shi, et al., 2011, Pedosphere, 21(6): 696–705. Yu, D. S., X. Z. Shi, et al., 2011, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 25, GBC2004 Yu D. S., X. Z. Shi et al., 2011, Pedosphere, 21(2):207-213 Wang S. H., X. Z. Shi, 2011, Pedosphere, 21, (3): 277-287 Zhang Z. Q., D. S. Yu, X. Z. Shi et al., 2011, Environmental Earth Sciences, 64(2): 319-328 Shi X. Z., et al., 2010, Climatic Change, 102: 579-591 Wang D. D., X. Z. Shi et al., 2010, Geoderma,154(1): 302-310 Wang D. D., X. Z. Shi, et al., 2010, Pedosphere, 20(4): 525-535. Wang D. D., X. Z. Shi et al., 2010, J. of Soils and Sediments, 10（6）：1007-1017 Zhang Z. Q., D. S. Yu, X. Z. Shi et al., 2010, Soil and Tillage Research, 110:2-7 Zhang Z.Q., D. S. Yu, X. Z. Shi et al., 2010, Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 56 (2): 307-318 Shi X. Z. et al., 2009, Soil and Tillage Research, 105(2):322-327 Zhang L. M, D. S. Yu, X. Z. Shi, et al., 2009, Biogeosciences, 6: 739-749 Zhang L. M, D. S. Yu, X. Z. Shi et al., 2009, Atmospheric Environment, 43: 2737-2646 Zhang Y., Y. C. Zhao, X. Z. Shi et al., 2008, Geoderma, 146: 449-456 Zhao Y. C., et al., X. Z. Shi, 2008, Environ Monit Assess. 138: 343-355 Yu D. S., X. Z. Shi et al., 2007, Pedosphere. 17(1): 11-18. Yu D. S., X. Z. Shi et al., 2007, J. Environmental Management, 85: 680-689 Published papers 18 papers published in international journals for the recent 5 years of 2007 – 2011, related with SOC at regional scale The more papers, the more score in evaluation The more funding!! Institute director happy, we are all happy!!
- 30. Soil database is useful for researching some regional issues in soil science It is useful for basic researches on soil reference system, scale effect in soil science, mitigating global climate change related with SOC at regional scale etc. Establishing soil database is an important, hard and worried works Establishing soil database is only a base for soil science It is really our works for soil scientists to do more research works based on our soil database ConclusionsConclusions
- 31. ThanksThanks！！