Solid rocket propellant
- 1. Topic : Propellants Subtopic : rocket propellant submitted by :Patel shivam (130280105041) Submitted to : Dr. Shashi mam
- 2. Rocket propellant 1) What is rocket propellant ? Rocket propellant is either a high oxygen containing fuel or a mixture of fuel and oxidant , whose combuction taken place , in definite and controlled manner with the evolution of large volume of gas.
- 3. 2) How does it work ? a propellant reacts quickely , producing a large volume of gases(usually at a tempreture of 3000 c and a pressure of 300 kg/cm2)which exit through a small opening (called jet or nozzla) at super sonoc velocity. This act of pushing the backwards produses a equal and opposite reaction (newtons third of motion) which moves the rocket forward. With the increase in velocity , the rocket performance increase.
- 4. Classification of propellant 1) solid propellant 2) liquid propellant 1) solid propellants may be homogenious or composite. A) Homogenious solid propellant : solid propellant or mixute of propellant is thoroughly mixed in a colloidal state When a single propellant is employed , it is called single based propellant For example : nitro cellulose Rocket propellant which contains two material , it is called double bases propellant For example : ballisite ( mixture of nitrocelluse and nitroglycerine) Cordite(mixture of 65% nitrocelluse 30% nitroglycerine 5% petroleum jelly ) General composition of doublr base propellant is 50 to 55% nitrocelluse and40 to 45% nitroglycerine
- 5. Diphenylpthalate , upto 5 % is also added which acts as a solvent cum plasticizer , thereby giving a homogenious plastic mass ,which can be work smoothly. In addition to it , upto 1% diphenyl amine is added , which acts as a stabilizer. Such propellant gives flame tempreture of about 2700c and volume of gases is aboubt 1500 times the original volume. B) Composite solid propellant When an oxidising agent is dispersed in a fuel mass , the solid propellant is called hetrogenious or composite. Ex. Gun powder It gives a flame tempreture of 800- 1500c and volume of gases is aboubt 400 times the original volume of charge.
- 6. Other solid composite propellant are 75% potassium perchlorate + 25% asphalt oil 80% ammonium perchlorate and 20%resin binder 46% ammonium picrate and 48% sodium nitrate In selecting the oxidizer , it should be seen that it is non hydroscopic , stable in contact with fuel and does not form any corrosive product.
- 7. Advantages One advantage, is the ease of storage of solid propellant rockets. simplicity and low cost make solid propellant rockets ideal for military applications. Their simplicity also makes solid rockets a good choice whenever large amounts of thrust are needed and cost is an issue. The Space Shuttle and many other orbital launch vehicles use solid-fueled rockets in their boost stages (solid rocket boosters) for this reason.
- 8. Disadvantages Solid fueled rockets are relatively simple rockets. This is their chief advantage, but it also has its drawbacks . Once a solid rocket is ignited it will consume the entirety of its fuel, without any option for shutoff or thrust adjustment. Relative to liquid fuel rockets, solid fuel rockets have lower specific impulse(impulse delivered per unit of propellant).