Solid Waste Management on slide share.ppt
- 1. Solid Waste management initiatives in Indian context Dr. Amrita Daripa and Dr. Sudipta Chattaraj ICAR- National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning, RC- Kolkata, India
- 3. Globally, in 2020 a footprint of 0.79 kg per person per day with annual expected increase in waste generation is by 73% from 2020 levels due to population increase. In low-income countries, over 90% of waste is often disposed in unregulated dumps or openly burned. These practices create serious health, safety and environmental consequences. Poorly managed waste serves as a breeding ground for disease vectors and contributes to global climate change through methane generation. World Bank, 2022
- 4. Urban India produces 42.0 million tons of MSW annually i.e. 1.15 lakh metric tons per day(TPD). 423 Class-I cities works out to 72.5% of the total waste generated each day Indian Scenario Indian MSW comprises - • 30% - 55% of biodegradable (organic) matter, • 40% to 55% inert matter • and 5% to 15% recyclables. Composition of waste varies with size of city, season and income group.
- 5. Indian Scenario Per capita waste generation varies between 0.2 Kg to 0.6 Kg per day in cities with population ranging from 1.0 lakh to 50 lakh. Yearly increase in the quantity of solid waste in the cities is about 5% due to increase in population. Waste collection efficiency ranges from 50% to 90%. Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) spend between Rs.500/- to Rs.1500/- per ton on solid waste management. Of which- 60% - 70% is spent on collection, 20% - 30% on transportation and <5% on treatment and disposal Crude dumping is normally resorted to by ULBs without adopting scientific and hygienic approach of sanitary landfilling. https://mohua.gov.in/
- 6. Importance of waste management Food Waste- If dumped into landfills produces methane gas due to breakdown without oxygen. Economy- Waste management will not only save natural resources it will also impact the economy in a positive way as there will be more jobs created for running an efficient waste management system. Businesses can save money by recycling the materials they produce. This would help decrease their waste disposal costs. In addition to this, it helps environmental sustainability by minimizing emissions of greenhouse gases and preserving natural resources which in turn promotes the good image of the business. https://mohua.gov.in/
- 7. Classification of waste Wet waste (Biodegradable) includes the following: • Dry waste (Non-biodegradable) • Kitchen waste including food waste • Flower and fruit waste • Garden sweeping or yard waste • Sanitary wastes • Green waste from vegetable & fruit vendors/shops • Paper and plastic • Cardboard and cartons • Containers of all kinds excluding those containing hazardous material • Packaging of all kinds • Glass of all kinds • Metals of all kinds • Rags, rubber • House sweeping (dust etc.) • Ashes • Foils, wrappings, pouches, sachets and tetra packs (rinsed) • Discarded electronic items from offices, colonies viz. cassettes, computer diskettes, printer cartridges and electronic parts. • Discarded clothing, furniture and equipment
- 8. Basic principles of Solid Waste Management 1) 4Rs: Refuse, Reduce, Reuse & Recycle 2) Segregation at source 3) Different treatments for different types of solid wastes 4) Treatment at nearest possible point.
- 9. Basic principles of Solid Waste Management (Agrawal et al., 2015)
- 10. Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000. 12th Schedule of the Constitution of India, urban local bodies (ULBs) are responsible for keeping cities and towns clean. Policy frameworks in India
- 11. 1. Swachha Bharat Mission – Urban (SBM-U): With the enactment of new rules, it started door-to-door collection, segregation at source, etc. 2. Swaccha Survekshan: An annual survey of cleanliness, hygiene and sanitation in cities and towns across India. It launched as a part of the SBM-U under the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA). It gives star ratings to garbage-free cities and towns on several factors. 3. Swachhata Hi Sewa Campaign: for ensuring cleanliness through the various stakeholders’ engagement in the “Jan Andolan” (National Movement). 4. Compost Banao, Compost Apnao Campaign: The aim is to encourage people to convert their kitchen waste into compost to be used as fertilizer and to reduce the amount of waste getting to landfill sites. Recent Government Initiatives
- 12. 5. Collection and disposal of Sanitary Waste under new rules 6. Promotion of Waste to Energy: Ministry of new and Renewable Energy (MNRE) launched Program on Energy from Urban, Industrial, Agricultural waste/residues and Municipal Solid Waste to promote setting up of Waste-to-Energy projects and to provide central financial assistance. 7. SWM is also a part of the National Mission on Sustainable Habitat (2010), which is one of the eight missions under the National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC) and addresses sustainability concerns associated with habitats, primarily urban areas. 8. Extended Producer Responsibility: under E-waste and Plastic Waste Management Rules, 2016
- 13. 1. Pune Municipal Corporation and SWaCH, a cooperative of self-employed waste-pickers, to enhance the door-to-door collection. 2. Parisar Vikas Program Stree Mukti Sanghatan and Greater Mumbai Municipal Corporation involving waste-pickers in community level recycling and processing. 3. Waste-to-Energy bio-methanation plant at Koyambedu wholesale vegetable market, Chennai. 4. Wake-up Clean-up Campaign and zero waste program involving the community in SWM by Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike (BBMP). Best Practices in SWM in India
- 14. 5. Exnora Green Pammal: Door-to-door collection, transportation and waste processing services to establish sustainable waste management systems in small towns. 6. Trashcon: a technology startup providing complete end-to-end technology like ‘TrashBot’ that sorts the waste and recycles it, thus convert every bit of waste to value. 7. Engage-14: An initiative by Gangtok Municipal Corporation to engage school students and generate awareness about sustainable waste management. Best Practices in SWM in India (Meshram, 2021)
- 15. 1. Smart waste management: digitization in waste collection and disposal operations, real-time monitoring of collection and transportation and efficient assessment mechanism. 2. Circular Economy: It is based on a restorative or regenerative design of industries, businesses, processes, etc. which minimizes/eliminates the waste and promotes sustainability throughout the life cycle. Treating waste as a potential resource and recovering materials from waste streams through recycling might generate revenue and make the value chain self-sustaining. 3. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP): ULB’s and city planners should work with private trash and recycling companies to design impactful programs. Innovation and Opportunities within the SWM sector
- 16. 4. New ideas: innovations on the lines similar to the city of Songdo in South Korea where, all household waste is sucked directly from individual kitchens through a vast underground network of tunnels, to waste processing centers, where it’s automatically sorted, deodorized and treated. 5. Smart Waste Corporation or SWC: a set of three ‘smart’ garbage cans provided for free to every home. Green can for organic waste. Blue can take in recyclables, like paper, plastics and metals. Orange can is reserved for any non-recyclables like leather, thermocol or synthetic rubber products. These are SIM embedded cans that give SWC credits or cash for each kilo of garbage deposit. (From ‘Invertonomics’ by Goonmeet Singh Chauhan). Innovation and Opportunities within the SWM sector
- 17. Waste management can be the single highest budget item for several local administrations. In low-income countries like India, it comprises 20% of municipal budgets, on average. A focus on data, planning, financing and integrated waste management is desired. Use of the 4 Rs principle – Refuse, Reduce, Reuse & Recycle shall be promoted. In an era of rapid urbanization and population growth, solid waste management is critical for sustainable, healthy, egalitarian, and inclusive cities and communities. Government initiatives and society’s best practices need to be supported and speed up by technology and innovation. One must learn from these practices and innovate further to visualize the goal of sustainable SWM. Conclusion
- 18. Thank you