Hy-Tech Cleaning technology for Solid Waste Management by Using Micro-Controller Device.

Prasad D Nalamwar. Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 4, (Part - 6) April 2016, pp.18-22
www.ijera.com 18|P a g e
Hy-Tech Cleaning technology for Solid Waste Management by
Using Micro-Controller Device.
Prasad D Nalamwar*, Ms.B.M.Mamilwar**
*(Sixth Sem Student Department Of Civil Engineering, G.H.Raisoni Polytechnic , Nagpur)
** (Prof. Department Ofcivil Engineering, G.H.Raisoni Polytechnic , Nagpur )
ABSTRACT
Solid waste management nowadays is an important environmental issue in country like India. Statistics show that
there has been substantial increase in the solid waste generation especially in the urban areas. The impact
assessment environment management tool makes a relationship between two factors- the amount of land required
to dispose per capita generated waste. To give a brief description of the project , the sensors are placed in the
common garbage bins placed at the public places. When the garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then that
indication will be given to ARM 7 Controller. The controller will give indication to the driver of garbage
collection truck as to which garbage bin is completely filled and needs urgent attention. ARM 7 will give
indication by sending SMS sing GSM technology.
Keywords -Microcontroller, GSM/GPRS, IR sensor
I. INTRODUCTION
In India the amount of waste generated per
capita is estimated to increase at a rate of 1%- 33%
annually. It is estimated that the total waste quantity
generated in by the year 2047 would be approximately
about 260 million tonnes per year. The enormous
increase in waste generation will have impacts in
terms of the land required for waste disposal. It is
estimated that if the waste is not disposed of in a more
systematic manner, more than 1400 sq. km of land
would be required in the country by the year 2047 for
its disposal. At present the standard of solid waste
management is far from being satisfactory. The and
health hazards caused by the unsanitary conditions in
the cities we are optimized by the episode of Plague in
Surratt in 1994. That triggered public interest
litigation in the Supreme Court of India. Based on the
recommendations of the committee set up by the apex
court in that Public Interest Litigation (PIL), the
Government of India, has framed Municipal Solid
Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2000, under
the Environmental Protection Act, 1986.
One of the major requisite of these rules is to
establish door-to-door garbage collection system in
the cities. Nagpur which is located in centre of India
has taken initiative in implementing MSW Rules 2000
by introducing 100% door-to-door garbage collection.
In our daily life, we see the pictures of garbage bins
being overfull and all the garbage spills out resulting
in pollution. This also increases number of diseases as
large number of insects and mosquitoes breed on it. A
big Challenge in the urban cities is Solid waste
management, Not only in India but for most of the
countries in the world. The project gives us one of the
most efficient ways to keep our environment clean
and green
Depending on the physical state of waste,
waste are categorized into solid, liquid and gases.
Solid wastes are categorized into municipal wastes,
hazardous wastes, medical wastes and radioactive
wastes. Managing solid waste generally involves
planning, financing, construction and operation of
facilities for the collection, transportation, recycling
and final disposition of the waste. This study focuses
only on the disposal of municipal solid waste (MSW),
as an element of overall municipal solid waste or just
solid waste management (SWM).
In our city many times we see that the garbage
bins or dustbins placed at public places are
overflowing. It creates unhygienic conditions for
people. Also it creates ugliness to that place. At the
same time bad smell is also spread.
To avoid all such situations we are going to
implement a project called Garbage collection bin
overflow indicator using Bluetooth technology. In this
project we are going to place a weight sensor under the
dustbin. When the weight reaches to the threshold
value, a alert will be sent to the respective Municipal /
Government authority person’s Android mobile. Then
that person can send the collection vehicle to collect
the full garbage bins or dustbins.
We have observed that the municipal officer
or the government authorized person will monitor the
status of dustbin. Or generally we see that they have a
regular schedule of picking up these garbage bins or
dustbins. This schedule varies as per the population of
that place. It can be once in a day or twice in a day or
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

in some cases once in two days. However we see that
in case there is some festival or some function, lots of
garbage material is generated by people in that
particular area. In such cases the garbage dustbin gets
immediately full and then it overflows which creates
many problems. So in situations, with help of our
project the government authority person can get
notification immediately. So they will get notification
before their periodic interval visit of picking up the
dustbin. Then they can go and pick up the dustbins.
1.1 Present Status Of Solid Waste Management In
India
I. Domestic waste is thrown on streets.
II. Trade waste on roads/streets.
III. Construction waste is left unattended.
IV. Biomedical wastes are disposed into municipal
waste stream.
V. Industrial waste often disposed of in open areas.
In waste management, segregation of recyclable waste
is not done properly at source. Initial waste collection
is not done at the place of generation. Design &
location of municipal waste storage depots are
inappropriate resulting in littering of garbage. Street
sweeping is not done every day. Waste transportation is
done in open vehicles. The final disposal is done
through crude dumping. Waste pickers collect
recyclables from municipal bins & dumpsites & litter
the waste causing insanitary conditions.
1.2 Quantities of waste generation
Per capita waste generation increasing bt 1.3%
per annum. With urban population is increasing
between 3-3.5% per annum. Annual increase in waste
generation is around 5%. India produces 42.0 million
tons of municipal solid waste annually at present. Per
capita generation of waste varies from 200gm to 600
gm per capita per day. Average of waste generation
rate is 0.4 kg per capita per day in 0.1 million plus
towns. Collection efficiency is between 50% to 90 % of
solid waste generated. Urban local bodies spend
Rs.500/- to Rs.1500/- per ton on solid waste
management of which, 60-70% of the amount is on
collection alone 20%-30% on transportation. No fund
is spent on treatment & disposal of waste. Crude
dumping of this waste is practiced in most of the cities.
quantity of waste
generation
wholesale
of waste &
scrap
households
agriculture,
forestry &
fishing
mining &
quarrying
manufactur
ing
energy
Quantity of waste generation
1.3 Reasons Of Improper Management Of Waste
Improper planning for waste management
while planning the township.Impractical institutional
setup for waste management & planning & designing
in urban local bodies.Lack of technical & trained
manpower.Incomplete community involvement.Less
expertise & exposure to the city waste management
using modern techniques.Partial awareness creation
mechanism.Less fund with ULBs.Indifferent attitude of
ULBs in user charges & sustainability.Out dated
management information system.
II. AIMS OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT
Waste management is all those activities and
action required to manage waste from its inception to
its final disposal. This includes amongst other things,
collection, transport, treatment and disposal of waste
together with monitoring and regulation. The term
usually relates to all kinds of waste, whether generated
during the extraction of raw materials, the processing
of raw materials into intermediate and final products,
the consumption of final products, or other human
activities, including municipal (residential,
institutional, commercial), agricultural, and special
(health care, household hazardous wastes, sewage
sludge). Waste management practices are not uniform
among countries (developed and developing nations);
regions (urban and rural area), and sectors (residential
and industrial).

III. METHODOLOGY
EAGLE Software and KEIL software System
for Mobile Communication (GSM) are the latest trends
and are one of the best combinations to be used in the
project. Hence, a combination of both of these
technologies is used in the project. To give a brief
description of the project, the sensors are placed in the
common garbage bins placed at the public places. When
the garbage reaches the level of the sensor, then that
indication will be given to micro- Controller. The
controller will give indication to the head of Municipal
Corporation to collect garbage bin which is completely
filled and needs urgent action.
Waste Generation Rate
Block Diagram of Micro-Controller
IV. CASE STUDY : ANALYSIS AND
WORKING OF SOLID WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN LAXMI NAGAR,
NAGPUR
Laxmi nagar zone generates approximately 85
tonnes of solid waste per day. This zone is a residential
area with less number of shops or commercial market.
Therefore the waste produce in this area comprises of
mostly plastic, tins, papers, and other domestic waste
materials.
Solid waste generated by the daily activities of
the people needs to be properly managed in such a way
that it minimizes the risk to the environment and
human health. Inadequate collection and disposal of
solid waste is a major factor in the spread of disease
and environmental degradation. One of the most visible
problems in the provision of solid waste management
(SWM) is the collection route developed and save the
cost of fuel and time of service of the solid waste,
which is the subject of this paper. The routing
optimization problem in waste management has been
already explored with a number of algorithms.
Moreover, the successful implementation of vehicle
routing software has been aided by the exponential
growth in computing power since 1950, the emergence
of accurate and sophisticated Geographic Information
Systems (GIS) technology induced multiple
algorithmic solutions.
One of the simplest ways to bring innovations
in any system is to document and study the existing
system and bring the possible reforms by adopting
appropriate measures at various levels through the
introduction of innovative and cost effective solutions.
Very few urban local bodies in the country have
prepared long term plans for effective solid waste
management in their respective cities. For obtaining a
long term economic solution, planning of the system on
long term sustainable basis is very essential.
Uncontrolled growth of the urban population
in developing countries in recent years has made solid
waste management an important issue, so the system
for collection of solid waste thus constitutes an
important component of an effective solid waste
management system. In present study describes an
attempt is made to design and develop an appropriate
collection plan by Geographical Information System
(GIS) software for the Laxmi Nagar at Nagpur, a
Orange city in Maharashtra, India. A GIS optimal
routing model was designed for efficient collection
path for municipal solid waste to minimum time,
labour, distance efficient collection paths for the solid
wastes. A present study is also aimed to proposed
location of community BIN. The total cost of the
proposed collection systems is estimated to be around
3,52,225 rupees for the annual operating cost of
municipal solid waste collection. A substantial amount
4,03,200 rupees is currently being spent by Nagpur

Municipal Corporation (NMC )on waste collection
alone without any proper storage/collection system.
V. RESULT
Municipal solid waste management is one of the
major environmental problems of Indian cities. Various
studies reveal that about 90% of MSW is disposed of
unscientifically in open dumps and landfills, which are
effectively creating problems to public health and the
environment. In the study recently , a sincere attempt has
been made to provide a comprehensive and sincere
review of the generation , characteristics, collection and
transportation.
In our study project solid waste monitoring and
management system has been successfully implemented
with the integration of communication technologies such
as KEIL, GSM and for truck monitoring system. This
technique would provide solid waste collection in time
and also overcome all the disadvantages which are as use
of minimum route, low fuel use, clean and green
environment and available vehicle The technologies
which are used in the proposed system are good enough
to ensure the practical and perfect for solid waste
collection process monitoring and management for green
environment.
5.1 Benefits to NMC :
1. Successfully implemented the Supreme Court
guidelines.
2. Savings worth Rs. 5 crores in terms of lower
costs for providing Door to Door garbage
collection service to the citizens.
5.2 Benefits to Citizens
1. Regular Door to Door collection of garbage and
active participation in the zero garbage drive.
2. Better and prompt service at minimum costs.
VI. CONCLUSION
Nagpur Municipal Corporation (NMC):
Keeping the city clean has taken on a whole new
meaning in the orange city i.e. Nagpur, the second
capital of Maharashtra. Being innovative, clean and
green has had a significant bearing on the city’s
future competitiveness and attractiveness as a
business and traveling hub. Firm determination and
hard administrative measures have contributed
towards the success of the efforts of NMC. The
innovative steps taken by NMC in MSW handling
and disposal have led to visible changes in the city.
Nagpur is recognized as one of the cleanest cities in
the country.
The existing system of MSWM in the city
is not proper in terms of collection, transportation,
processing and disposal. Since the population of the
city is increasing tremendously, the community bin
system of collection is not adequate. So, it is
suggested that the house to house collection can be
followed for the entire city with the private sector
participation. There is need to modify the collection
and transportation vehicles by introducing trucks
with compactors as well as to adopt proper
segregation of waste at source only.
Also recycling potential of the MSW
could be explored. The processing of waste is not
adequate though vermi-composting is being
practiced. This should be done on large scale for the
MSW of the entire city so that the load on disposal
site can be reduced. The MSW collected from the
entire city is dumped at a site near Bhandewadi.
Nagpur which is located in centre of India has
taken initiative in implementing MSW Rules 2000 by
introducing 100% door-to-door garbage collection.
It has enabled:
1) Livelihood creation for 1600 people from most
deprived segment of the society.
2) Clean environment as 75% of the total waste
generated is being collected from doorstep.
3) Successful Public Private Peoples Partnership
4) Use of appropriate technology for waste
management, also creating entrepreneurship
opportunities.
5) Effective recycling of waste for useful purposes.
6) Partnership of Waste Producers
REFERENCE
[1]. 1. M. Al-Maaded, N. K. Madi, Ramazan
Kahraman, A. Hodzic, N. G. Ozerkan
Overview of Solid Waste Management and
Plastic Recycling in Qatar, Springer Journal of
Polymers and the Environment, March 2012,
Volume 20, Issue 1, pp 186-194
[2]. 2.Islam, M.S. Arebey, M. ; Hannan, M.A. ;
Basri, H,”Overview for solid waste bin
monitoring and collection system” Innovation
Management and Technology Research
(ICIMTR), 2012 International Conference ,
Malacca, 258 – 262
[3]. 3.Raghumani Singh, C. Dey, M. Solid waste
management of Thoubal Municipality,
Manipur- a case study Green Technology and
Environmental Conservation (GTEC 2011),
2011 International Conference Chennai 21 –
24.
Location Quantity
Laxmi Nagar 85 tonnes per day
Dharampeth 65 tonnes per day
Hanuman Nagar 78 tonnes per day
Dhantoli 95 tonnes per day
Nehru Nagar 90 tonnes per day
Gandhibagh 125 tonnes per day
Shatranjipura 75 tonnes per day
Lakadganj 85 tonnes per day
Ashi Nagar 75 tonnes per day
Mangalwari 95 tonnes per day

[4]. 4. R. Siva Kumar ,E-Tracking Sysetem For
Municipal Solid Waste Management Using
RfID
[5]. Technology , International Journal of
Advanced research in Electronics,
Communication & Instrumentation
Engineering and Development Volume: 1
Issue: 2 08-Feb-2014,ISSN_NO: 2347 – 7210.
[6]. Latifah, A., Mohd, A. A., & NurIlyana, M.
(2009) . Municipal solid waste management in
Malaysia: Practices and challenges. Waste
Management, 29,2902-2906.
[7]. 6.Hand Book Os Solid Waste Management –
By Mithal Publications.

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