Solution focussed approaches to helping (2014)
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Solution focused approaches aim to move clients away from problem talk and focus on solutions. Key techniques include problem-free talk, the miracle question, and scaling questions. Problem-free talk uses the acronym GEMS to steer conversations towards goals, exceptions, miracles, and scaling instead of problems. The miracle question asks clients to imagine their lives without problems overnight. Scaling questions rate problems or progress on a scale and help clients visualize small steps towards higher levels. Solution focused brief therapy was co-founded by Insoo Kim Berg and Steve DeShazer in the 1980s and focuses on clients' strengths and previous successes rather than problems.
Solution focussed approaches to helping (2014)
- 1. Solution Focussed Approaches to Helping Nathan Loynes (2014)
- 2. Which thinking hat shall I wear today?
- 3. The temptation to ‘shake’.
- 4. Key Ideas Problem free talk Scaling Miracle question Client is expert
- 5. Problem Free Talk Note: The client must be ‘ready’ to engage in problem free talk. Attempts to rush into this can be perceived as insensitive Many helping relationships centre around exploration of ‘the problem(s)’ as experienced by the client. Although this can be necessary and have its benefits in certain contexts, there are occasions of continually revisiting the problem might be counter-productive.
- 6. The acronym ‘GEMS’ can serve to steer the mentor away from problem based talk: G - oals – what does the mentee want for themselves in the future E - xceptions – listen out for when the mentee is discussion an aspect of their life when the problem was not apparent. M - iracle question can be used creatively (yellow hat thinking) to divert the topic. S – caling can enable the mentee to refocus on the solutions. (Destination/vision etc). Employing Egan’s ‘active listening’ techniques can promote your sensory acuity towards opportunities to introduce GEMS.
- 7. Links with Transactional Analysis Why don't you/Yes, but in which one player (Julie) would pose a problem as if seeking help, and the other player(s) (Claire) would offer solutions (the "Why don't you?" suggestion). This game was noticed as many patients played it in therapy and psychiatry sessions, and inspired Berne to identify other interpersonal "games". Julie would point out a flaw in every Claire’s solution (the "Yes, but" response), until they all gave up in frustration. For example, if someone's life script was "to be hurt many times, and suffer, and make others feel bad when I die“.
- 8. Remember this example? Julie: I wish I could lose some weight. Claire: Why don't you join a gym? Julie: Yes but, I can't afford the payments for a gym. Claire: Why don't you speed walk around your block after you get home from work? Julie: Yes but, I don't dare walk alone in my area after dark. Claire: Why don't you take the stairs at work instead of the elevator? Julie: Yes but, after my knee surgery, it hurts too much to walk that many flights of stairs. Claire: Why don't you change your diet? Julie: Yes but, my stomach is sensitive and I can tolerate only certain foods.
- 9. Founders (1934 – 2007) Co-Founder of SFBT Brief Family Therapy Center (BFTC) in Milwaukee Insoo Kim Berg - Family Therapy And, Steve DeShazer.
- 10. Techniques Scaling Questions Steve De Shazer (1940 -2005) Co-founder of the solution focussed approach with Insoo Kim Berg. After asking a client “what is better since last time?” The client said “I’m nearly a 10 now”. Hence, numbers used to understand development
- 11. Benefits Easy to use Focus on change Focus on clients phenomenological existence (Like Person Centred) Broad application (See Jackson & McKergow (2007) in today’s pack.
- 12. Scaling… ‘Steps’ 1. Explain the scale
- 14. Where are we now? 2. The current position
- 15. Like a jigsaw… 3. Establish a platform: Find out what has already worked.
- 16. Vision Visualise a higher position; describe how things will look.
- 17. Success and Strengths 5. Identify earlier success – what happened?
- 18. Small steps 6. Step forward – Ask the client what small steps they could take
- 19. Types of Scale Success scale Motivational scale Confidence scale Independence scale
- 20. Mysor (2005): Hand out 4 in today’s pack Let’s read these together: What else? Erm… I don’t know… Remember GEMS Some possible pitfalls
- 21. Conclusion Being a cognitively flexible practitioner might mean that at times you have cause to employ solution focussed techniques. This might be when: Discussions of the problem are creating stagnation and or frustration. The client is in a contemplative stage of considering the benefits of change. You are being motivational (interviewing). You are empowering the client to employ divergent thinking and offer their own solutions that are more likely to succeed than practitioner led solutions.