Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials Processes and Systems, 7th Edition, Mikell P. Groover

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1.5 One of the dimensions of manufacturing capability is technological processing capability.
Define technological processing capability.
Answer. The technological processing capability of a plant (or company) is its available
set of manufacturing processes. Certain plants perform machining operations, others roll
steel billets into sheet stock, and others build automobiles. The underlying feature that
distinguishes these plants is the processes they can perform. Technological processing
capability includes not only the physical processes, but also the expertise possessed by
plant personnel in these processing technologies.
Manufacturing Materials
1.6 (A) What are the four categories of engineering materials used in manufacturing?
Answer. The four categories of engineering materials are (1) metals, (2) ceramics, (3)
polymers, and (4) composite materials, which consist of non-homogeneous mixtures of the
other three types.
1.7 What is the definition of steel?
Answer. Steel can be defined as an iron–carbon alloy containing 0.02% to 2.11% carbon.
Its composition often includes other alloying elements as well, such as manganese,
chromium, nickel, and molybdenum, to enhance the properties of the metal.
1.8 What are some of the typical applications of steel?
Answer. Applications of steel include construction (e.g., bridges, I-beams, and nails),
transportation (trucks, rails, and rolling stock for railroads), and consumer products
(automobiles and appliances).
1.9 (A) What is the difference between a thermoplastic polymer and a thermosetting polymer?
Answer. Thermoplastic polymers can be subjected to multiple heating and cooling cycles
without substantially altering the molecular structure of the polymer. Thermosetting
polymers chemically transform (cure) into a rigid structure on cooling from a heated
plastic condition.
1.10 What is the defining characteristic or property of an elastomer?
Answer. Elastomers are polymers that exhibit significant elastic behavior.
Manufacturing Processes
1.11 Manufacturing processes are usually accomplished as unit operations. Define unit
operation.
Answer. A unit operation is a single step in the sequence of steps required to transform the
starting material into a final product. A unit operation is generally performed on a single
piece of equipment that runs independently of other operations in the plant.
1.12 In manufacturing processes, what is the difference between a processing operation and an
assembly operation?
Answer. A processing operation transforms a work material from one state of completion
to a more advanced state that is closer to the final desired product. It changes the geometry,
properties, or appearance of the starting material. In general, processing operations are

performed on discrete work parts, but certain processing operations are also applicable to
assembled items (e.g., painting a spot-welded car body). An assembly operation joins two
or more components to create a new entity, called an assembly, subassembly, or some
other term that refers to the joining process (e.g., a welded assembly is called a weldment).
1.13 What is the difference between casting and molding?
Answer. Casting and molding are both solidification processes. The difference is that
casting usually refers to the processing of metals, while molding usually refers to the
processing of plastics.
1.14 Particulate processing is generally associated with the processing of which two of the three
types of engineering materials?
Answer. Metals and ceramics (but not glass ceramics).
1.15 What is the most common reason for heating a metallic workpiece before it is subjected to
a deformation process?
Answer. To increase its ductility during deformation.
1.16 What is a machining operation?
Answer. Machining is a material removal process usually performed on metallic parts, in
which excess material is removed from the work part so that what remains is the desired
geometry.
1.17 (A) Name the three most important machining operations.
Answer. Turning, drilling, and milling.
1.18 What is the most important property-enhancing operation?
Answer. Heat treatment.
1.19 Identify the four types of permanent joining processes used in assembly.
Answer. The four types are welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding.
1.20 (A) What is a machine tool?
Answer. The term developed during the Industrial Revolution, when it referred to power-
driven machines used to operate cutting tools previously operated by hand. Modern
machine tools are described by the same basic definition, except that the power is electrical
rather than water or steam, and the level of precision and automation is much greater
today.
Production Systems
1.21 (A) Define batch production and describe why it is often used for medium-quantity
production.
Answer. Batch production is where groups, lots, or batches of materials or parts are
processed together through the manufacturing operations. All units in the batch are
processed at a given station before the group proceeds to the next station. In a medium or
low quantity production situation, the same machines are used to produce many types of
products. Whenever a machine switches from one product to another, a changeover occurs.

The changeover requires the machine setup to be torn down and set up for the new product.
Batch production allows the changeover time to be distributed across a larger number of
parts and hence reduce the average operation time per part.
1.22 With which production quantity range is cellular manufacturing most closely associated?
Answer. Medium production quantity range.
1.23 Name two departments that are typically classified as manufacturing support departments.
Answer. A common organizational structure includes the following three manufacturing
support departments: (1) manufacturing engineering, (2) production planning and control,
and (3) quality control.
Manufacturing Economics
1.24 What is the difference between sequential batch processing and simultaneous batch
processing?
Answer. In sequential batch processing, the parts in the batch are processed one after the
other. In simultaneous batch processing, all of the parts in the batch are processed together
at the same time.
1.25 What are overhead costs in a manufacturing company?
Answer. Overhead costs consist of all of the expenses of operating the company other than
material, direct labor, and equipment.
1.26 Name and define the two categories of overhead costs in a manufacturing company.
Answer. The two categories are (1) factory overhead and (2) corporate overhead. Factory
overhead consists of the costs of running the factory excluding materials, direct labor, and
equipment. This overhead category includes plant supervision, maintenance, insurance,
heat and light, and so forth. Corporate overhead consists of company expenses not related
to the factory, such as sales, marketing, accounting, legal, engineering, research and
development, office space, utilities, and health benefits.
1.27 (A) What is meant by the term availability?
Answer. Availability is a reliability term which is simply the proportion uptime of the
equipment.
Additional Review Questions for Instructor Use
1.1 What are the differences between primary, secondary, and tertiary industries? Give an
example of each category.
Answer. A primary industry is one that cultivates and exploits natural resources, such as
agriculture or mining. A secondary industry takes the outputs of primary industries and
converts them to consumer and capital goods. Examples of secondary industries are
textiles and electronics. A tertiary industry is in the service sector of the economy.
Examples of tertiary industries are banking and education.
1.2 Annual production quantities made by a factory can be classified into three ranges. Name
the three ranges and the approximate quantities of parts associated with each range.

Answer. The three ranges are (1) low production, with quantities in the range 1 to 100
parts; (2) medium production, with quantities in the range 100 to 10,000 parts; and (3) high
production, with quantities in the range 10,000 to over a million parts.
1.3 Define plant capacity.
Answer. Plant capacity, a.k.a. production capacity, is the maximum rate of production
output that a plant can achieve under assumed operating conditions. Operating conditions
refer to the number of shifts per week, hours per shift, direct labor manning levels in the
plant, and so on.
1.4 One of the three general types of processing operations is shaping operations, which are
used to create or alter the geometry of the work part. What are the four categories of
shaping operations?
Answer. The four categories of shaping operations are (1) solidification processes, in
which the starting material is a heated liquid or semifluid that cools and solidifies to form
the part geometry; (2) particulate processing, in which the starting material is a powder,
and the powders are formed and heated into the desired geometry; (3) deformation
processes, in which the starting material is a ductile solid (commonly metal) that is
deformed to shape the part; and (4) material removal processes, in which the starting
material is a solid (ductile or brittle), from which material is removed so that the resulting
part has the desired geometry.
1.5 What is the difference between net shape processes and near net shape processes?
Answer. Net shape processes are manufacturing processes that transform nearly all of the
starting material into product and require no subsequent machining to achieve final part
geometry. Near net shape processes are ones that require minimum machining to produce
the final shape.
1.6 What are the three types of surface processing operations?
Answer. (1) Cleaning, (2) surface treatments, e.g., sand blasting, and (3) coating and thin
film deposition, e.g., electroplating, painting, physical vapor deposition.
1.7 What is the difference between special purpose and general purpose production
equipment?
Answer. General-purpose equipment is more flexible and adaptable to a variety of jobs. It
is commercially available for any manufacturing company to invest in. Special-purpose
equipment is usually designed to produce a specific part or product in very large quantities.
Another reason may be because the process is unique and commercial equipment is not
available. Some companies with unique processing requirements develop their own special
purpose equipment.
1.8 What is the difference between a process layout and a product layout in a production
facility?
Answer. A process layout is one where the machinery in a plant is arranged based on the
type of process it performs. To produce a product it must visit the departments in the order
of the operations that must be performed. This often includes large travel distances within
the plant. A process layout is often used when the product variety is large and the operation

sequences of products are dissimilar. A product layout is one where the machinery is
arranged based on the general flow of the products that will be produced. Travel distance is
reduced because products will generally flow to the next machine in the sequence. A
product layout works well when all products tend to follow the same sequence of
production operations.
1.9 What is the difference between fixed costs and variable costs?
Answer. A fixed cost remains constant for any level of production output, whereas
variable costs are paid for as they are used. The cost of the factory and equipment are fixed
costs. Direct labor and materials that are used to produce the product are variable costs.
Problems
Solutions to problems labeled (S) are immediately available to students.
Manufacturing Economics
1.1 (S) A company invests $800,000 in a piece of production equipment. The cost to install the
equipment in the plant = $35,000. Anticipated life of the machine = 12 years. The machine
will be used eight hours per shift, five days per week, 50 weeks per year. Applicable
overhead rate = 20%. Assume availability = 100%. Determine the equipment cost rate if
the plant operates (a) one shift per day and (b) three shifts per day.
Solution: (a) For a one-shift operation, hours of operation per year H = 50(1)(5)(8) = 2000
hr/yr. Ceq = (800,000 + 35,000)(1.20)/(60  12  2000) = $0.696/min = $41.75/hr
(b) For a three-shift operation, hours of operation per year H = 50(3)(5)(8) = 6000 hr/yr.
Ceq = (800,000 + 35,000)(1.20)/(60  12  6000) = $0.232/min = $13.92/hr
Note the significant advantage the company has if it runs 24 hr/day rather than one shift.
1.2 A production machine was purchased six years ago for an installed price of $530,000. At
that time it was anticipated that the machine would last 10 years and be used 4000 hours
per year. However, it is now in need of major repairs that will cost $125,000. If these
repairs are made, the machine will last four more years, operating 4000 hours per year.
Applicable overhead rate = 30%. Assume availability = 100%. Determine the equipment
cost rate for this machine.
Solution: The cost rate under the original conditions was the following:
Ceq = 530,000(1.30)/(60  10  4000) = $0.287/min = $17.23/hr
The repairs will add to that cost rate as follows:
Ceq = 125,000(1.30)/(60  4  4000) = $0.169/min = $10.16/hr
The repaired machine has a cost rate Ceq = 0.287 + 0.169 = $0.456/min = $27.36/hr
1.3 Instead of repairing the machine in Problem 1.2, a proposal has been made to purchase a
new machine and scrap the current machine at a zero salvage value. The new machine will
have a production rate that is 20% faster than the current equipment, whose production rate
= 12 parts per hour. Each part has a starting material cost = $1.33 and a selling price =
$6.40. All parts produced during the next four years on either machine can be sold at this
price. At the end of the four years, the current machine will be scrapped, but the new
machine would still be productive for another six years. The new machine costs $700,000
installed, has an anticipated life of 10 years, and an applicable overhead rate of 30%. It will

be used 4000 hours per year, same as the current machine. The labor rate for either
alternative = $24.00/hr which includes applicable overhead costs. Assume availability =
100% and scrap rate = 0. Which alternative is more economical using total profit over four
years as the criterion, (a) repairing the current machine or (b) purchasing the new machine?
Solution: (a) The first alternative is to repair the current machine. The cost rate was
determined in the solution to Problem 1.2. Repeating here, the original cost rate is
calculated as follows:
Ceq = 530,000(1.30)/(60  10  4000) = $0.287/min = $17.23/hr
The repairs will add to that cost rate as follows:
Ceq = 125,000(1.30)/(60  4  4000) = $0.169/min = $10.16/hr
The repaired machine has a cost rate Ceq = 0.287 + 0.169 = $0.456/min = $27.36/hr
Labor cost = $24.00/hr (given)
Given that annual hours of operation = 4000, total cost of production on this machine is
calculated as follows: TC = 4000(24.00 + 27.36) = $205,440/yr
At a production rate of 12 pc/hr and operating 4000 hr/yr, annual output = 4000(12) =
48,000 pc/yr
Total revenue = 48,000(6.40 – 1.33) = $243,360/yr.
Total profit over four years = 4(243,360 – 205,440) = $151,680
(b) The second machine has an equipment cost rate determined as follows:
Ceq = 700,000(1.30)/(60  10  4000) = $0.379/min = $22.75/hr
Labor cost = $24.00/hr (given)
Given that annual hours of operation = 4000, total annual cost of production on this
machine is
TC = 4000(24.00 + 22.75) = $187,000/yr
Production rate on the new machine is 20% faster, so production rate = 12(1.20) = 14.4
pc/hr
At 14.4 pc/hr and operating 4000 hr/yr, annual output = 4000(14.4) = 57,600 pc/yr
Total revenue = 57,600(6.40 – 1.33) = $292,032/yr.
Total profit over four years = 4(292,032 – 187,000) = $420,128
Conclusion: The new machine should be purchased and the old machine scrapped.
1.4 (S) A machine tool is used to machine parts in batches (sequential batch processing). In
one batch of interest, the starting piece is a casting that costs = $8.00 each. Batch quantity
= 75. The actual machining time in the operation = 5.66 min. Time to load and unload each
workpiece = 2.0 min. Cost of the cutting tool = $4.00, and each tool must be changed every
25 pieces. Tool change time = 1.5 min. Setup time for the batch = 1.75 hr. Hourly wage
rate of the operator = $16.00/hr, and the applicable labor overhead rate = 45%. Hourly
equipment cost rate = $32.00/hr, which includes overhead. Assume availability = 100%
and scrap rate = 0. Determine (a) the cycle time for the piece, (b) average hourly
production rate when setup time is figured in, and (c) cost per piece.
Solution: (a) Processing time To = 5.66 min, part handling time Th = 2.0 min, and tool
handling time Tt = 1.50 min/25 = 0.06 min. Tc = 5.66 + 2.00 + 0.06 = 7.72 min
(b) Average production time per piece including setup time Tp = 1.75(60)/75 + 7.72 = 9.12
min
Average hourly production rate Rp = 60/9.12 = 6.58 pc/hr

(c) Equipment cost rate Ceq = $32.00/60 = $0.533/min.
Labor cost rate CL = 16.00(1.45) = $23.20/hr = $0.387/min
Cost of tooling Ct = 4.00/25 = $0.16/pc
Finally, cost per piece Cpc = 8.00 + (0.533 + 0.387)(9.12) + 0.16 = $16.55/pc
1.5 A stamping press produces sheet-metal stampings in batches. The press is operated by a
worker whose labor rate = $15.00/hr and applicable labor overhead rate = 42%. Cost rate
of the press = $22.50/hr and applicable equipment overhead rate = 20%. In one job of
interest, batch size = 400 stampings, and the time to set up the die in the press takes 75
min. The die cost $40,000 and is expected to last for 200,000 stampings. Each cycle in the
operation, the starting blanks of sheet metal are manually loaded into the press, which
takes 42 sec. The actual press stroke takes only 8 sec. Unloading the stamping from the
press takes 13 sec. Cost of the starting blanks = $0.23/pc. The press operates 250 days per
year, 7.5 hours per day, but the operator is paid for 8 hours per day. Assume availability =
100% and scrap rate = 0. Determine (a) cycle time, (b) average production rate with and
without setup time included, and (c) cost per stamping produced.
Solution: (a) Cycle time Tc = 42 + 8 + 13 = 63 sec = 1.05 min
(b) Including setup time, Tp = 75/400 + 1.05 = 1.2375 min
Rp = 60/1.2375 = 48.485 pc/hr
Excluding setup time, Rc = 60/1.05 = 57.143 pc/hr
(c) Equipment cost rate Ceq = 22.50(1.20)/60 = $0.45/min
Die cost per piece Ct = 40,000/200,000 = $0.20/pc
Labor cost rate CL = 15.00(1.42)/60 = $0.355/min
This labor cost should be adjusted for the fact that although the press operates 7.5 hr/day,
the operator is paid for 8 hr. CL = 0.355(8/7.5) = $0.379
Finally, cost per stamping Cpc = 0.23 + (0.379 + 0.45)(1.2375) + 0.20 = $1.456/pc
1.6 (S) In a long-running high-production operation, the starting work material cost =
$0.65/pc, and cycle time = 1.28 min. Equipment cost rate = $44.00/hr, and labor cost rate =
$28.00/hr. Both rates include overhead costs. Tooling cost = $0.05/pc. Availability of the
production machine = 95%, and the scrap rate = 4%. Determine (a) production rate and (b)
finished part cost.
Solution: (a) Production rate, including effect of availability (60/1.28)(0.95) = 44.53 pc/hr
However, because of the 3% scrap rate, the production rate of acceptable parts is
Rp = 44.53(1  0.04) = 42.75 pc/hr
(b) Factoring in availability and scrap rate, part cost is
Cpc = 0.65/0.96 + ((44 + 28)/60)(1.28/(0.95  0.96)) + 0.05 = $2.41/pc
1.7 Using the data from the previous problem, solve for the production rate and part cost if the
machine availability = 100% and scrap rate = 0%.
Solution: (a) Production rate with 100% availability Rp = (60/1.28) = 45.0 pc/hr
With 0% scrap rate, Rp = 45.0(1  0.03) = 45.0 pc/hr
(b) Cpc = 0.65 + ((44 + 28)/60)(1.28) + 0.05 = $2.24/pc

1.8 The starting work part costs $2.00 in a sequential batch production operation. Batch
quantity = 100 parts. Each cycle, part handling time = 0.40 min, and operation time = 1.52
min. Setup time = 50 min. Equipment cost rate = $30.00/hr, and labor cost rate =
$18.00/hr, including overhead costs. There is no tool change or tool cost in the operation.
The machine tool is 100% reliable, and scrap rate = 2%. Determine (a) production rate, (b)
finished part cost, and (c) number of hours required to complete the batch.
Solution: (a) Tc = 1.52 + 0.40 = 1.92 min/pc
Given q = 2%, the starting quantity of parts Qo = 100/0.98 = 102.04 rounded to 102 pc
Determine batch time, including setup time.
Tb = 50 + 102(1.92) = 50 + 195.84 = 245.84 min/batch = 4.097 hr
Average production rate of parts Rp = 100/4.097 = 24.41 pc/hr
Average production rate of acceptable parts Rp = 24.41(1  0.02) = 23.92 pc/hr
(b) Now determine batch cost, including setup time.
Cb = 102(2.00) + ((18 + 30)(4.097) = 204.00 + 196.66 = $400.66/batch
Cpc = 400.66/100 = $4.007/pc
Alternative calculation of Cpc:
Cpc = 2.00/0.98 + ((18 + 30)/60)(50/100) + ((18 + 30)/60)(1.92/0.98)
Cpc = 2.041 + 0.40 + 1.567= $4.008/pc
(c) Time to complete the batch was computed in part (a) as Tb = 245.84 min = 4.097 hr
1.9 In a simultaneous batch processing operation, batches of parts are subjected to a heat
treatment process that takes 37.0 min. The batch size each cycle = 120 parts. Each starting
piece has a material cost of $1.68. It takes 15 min to load the parts into the furnace and 12
min to unload them onto a moving conveyor. A 2-min changeover time is allowed between
batches. The furnace is maintained at the desired temperature for successive batches. Its
cost rate = $54/hr. Determine the (a) cycle time, (b) average processing rate per part, and
(c) part cost at the completion of the heat treatment process.
Solution: (a) Tc = 2.0 +37.0+15.0 + 12.0= 66.0 min/batch
(b) Average processing rate Rp = 120/66 = 1.818 pc/min = 109.09 pc/hr
(c) Cpc = 1.68 + 54/109.09 = $2.175/pc
1.10 Using the data from the previous problem, determine the (a) cycle time, (b) average
processing rate per part, and (c) part cost at the completion of the heat treatment process, if
there is a 5% scrap rate during the heat treatment.
Solution: (a) Tc = 2.0 +37.0+15.0 + 12.0= 66.0 min/batch
(b) Average processing rate Rp = 120/66 = 1.818 pc/min = 109.09 pc/hr
Processing rate of acceptable parts Rp = 109.09(1 – 0.05) = 103.64 pc/hr
(c) Cpc = 1.68/(1 – 0.05) + (54/103.64) = $2.289/pc
1.11 During a particular 40-hour week of an automated production operation, 381 acceptable
(non-defective) parts and 17 defective parts were produced. The operation cycle consists of
a processing time of 5.23 min, and a part handling time of 0.58 min. Every 50 parts, a tool
change is performed, and this takes 4.2 min. The machine experienced several breakdowns

during the week. Determine (a) hourly production rate of acceptable parts, (b) scrap rate,
and (c) availability (proportion uptime) of the machine during this week.
Solution: (a) Production rate of acceptable parts Rp = 381/40 = 9.525 pc/hr
(b) Total parts processed during the week Qo = 381 + 17 = 398 pc
Scrap rate q = 17/398 = 0.0427 = 4.27%
(c) Cycle time of the unit operation Tc = 5.23 + 0.58 + 4.2/50 = 5.895 min
Total uptime during the week = 398(5.895) = 2345.8 min = 39.097 hr
Proportion uptime A = 39.097/40 = 0.977 = 97.7%
Additional Problems for Instructor Use
1.1 A plastic molding machine produces a product whose annual demand is in the millions.
The machine is automated and used full time just for the production of this product. The
molding cycle time = 45 sec. No tooling is required other than the mold, which cost
$100,000 and is expected to produce 1,000,000 moldings (products). The plastic molding
compound costs $1.20/lb. Each molding weighs 0.88 lb. The only labor required is for a
worker to periodically retrieve the moldings. Labor rate of the worker = $18.00/hr
including overhead. However, the worker also tends other machines and only spends 20%
of his time on this machine. Setup can be ignored because of the long production run. The
molding machine was purchased for $500,000 installed, its anticipated life = 10 years, and
it operates 6,000 hours per year. Equipment overhead rate = 30%. Availability = 100% and
scrap rate = 0. Determine (a) the hourly production rate of the machine, (b) annual quantity
of product molded, and (c) cost per piece.
Solution: (a) With a cycle time Tc = 45 sec = 0.75 min, Rp = 60/0.75 = 80 pc/hr
Factoring in the 98% proportion uptime, Rp = 0.98(80) = 78.4 pc/hr
Annual quantity of product = 6,000(78.4) = 470,400 pc/yr
(b) Equipment cost rate Ceq = 500,000(1.30)/(60  10  6000) = $0.1806/min
Mold cost per piece Ct = 100,000/1,000,000 = $0.10/pc
Labor cost rate CL = 18.00(0.20) = $3.60/hr = $0.06/min
Finally, cost per piece Cpc = 1.20(0.88) + (0.06 + 0.1806)(0.75) + 0.10 = $1.34/pc
1.2 A production machine operates in a semi-automatic cycle but a worker must tend the
machine 100% of the time to load parts. Unloading is accomplished automatically. The
worker’s cost rate = $27/hr including applicable labor overhead rate. The equipment cost
rate of the machine = $18.00/hr including applicable overhead costs. Cost of the starting
parts = $0.15/pc. The job runs several months so the effect of setup can be ignored. Each
cycle, the actual process time = 24 sec, and time to load the part = 6 sec. Automatic
unloading takes 3 sec. A proposal has been made to install an automatic parts-loading
device on the machine. The device would cost $36,000 and would reduce the part loading
time to 3 sec each cycle. Its expected life = 4 years. The device would also relieve the
worker from full-time attention to the machine. Instead, the worker could tend four
machines, effectively reducing the labor cost to 25% of its current rate for each machine.
The operation runs 250 days per year, eight hours per day. Assume availability = 100%
and scrap rate = 0. Determine the cost per part produced (a) without the parts loading
device and (b) with the parts loading device installed. (c) How many days of production

are required to pay for the automatic loading device? In other words find the breakeven
point.
Solution: (a) Equipment cost rate Ceq = 18/60 = $0.30/min
Labor cost rate CL = 27/60 = $0.45/min
Without the loading device, Cpc = 0.15 + (0.45 + 0.30)(24 + 6 + 3)/60 = $0.563/pc
(b) Cost rate of the device = 36,000/(6042000) = $0.075/min = $4.50/hr
With the loading device, Cpc = 0.15 + (0.45/4 + 0.30 + 0.075)(24 + 3 + 3)/60 = $0.394/pc
(c) Without the device, Tc = 24 + 6 + 3 = 33 sec = 0.55 min and Cpc = 0.563/pc
Rp = Rc = 60/0.55 = 109.1 pc/hr = 872 pc/day
With the device, Tc = 24 + 3 + 3 = 33 sec = 0.50 min and Cpc = 0.394/pc
At 100% reliability and no setup time, Rp = Rc = 60/0.50 = 120.0 pc/hr = 960 pc/day
Let D = number of days of production at which the two alternatives are equivalent.
872(0.563)D = 36,000 + 960(0.394)D
490.9D = 36,000 + 378.2D
(490.9 – 378.2)D = 112.7D = 36,000 D = 319.5 round to 320 days
1.3 In a sequential batch-processing operation, the starting work part costs $4.50 each. Batch
quantity = 65 parts. Part handling time each cycle = 2.5 min, and machining time per part =
3.44 min. It takes 75 min to set up the machine for production. Equipment cost rate =
$25.00/hr, and labor cost rate = $20.00/hr. Both rates include overhead costs. The cutting
tool in the operation costs = $5.75/pc and it must be changed every 18 parts. Tool change
time = 3.0 min. Availability of the machine tool = 98%, and the scrap rate = 0. Determine
(a) production rate and (b) finished part cost. (c) How many hours are required to complete
the batch?
Solution: (a) Tc = 3.44 + 2.5 + 3/18 = 6.11 min/pc
Given q = 0, the starting quantity of parts Qo = 65 pc
Now determine batch time, including setup time and availability, assuming that the
availability factor does not apply during setup because the machine is not running.
Tb = 75 + 65(6.11)/0.98 = 75 + 405.26 = 480.26 min/batch = 8.004 hr
Average production rate of parts Rp = 65/8.004 = 8.121 pc/hr
(b) Now determine batch cost, including setup time and availability, assuming that the
availability factor does not apply during setup because the machine is not running. The
number of cutting tools required = 68/18 = 3.78 rounded up to 4 tools at $5.75 each =
$23.00.
Cbatch = 65(4.50) + ((20 + 25)(8.004) + 4(5.75) = 292.50 + 360.18 + 23.00 = $675.68/batch
Cpc = 675.68/65 = $10.39/pc
Alternative calculation of Cpc:
Cpc = 4.50 + ((20 + 25)/60)(75/65) + ((20 + 25)/60)(6.11/0.98) + 23.00/65
Cpc = 4.50 +0.865 + 4.676 + 0.354 = $10.395/pc (Close enough!)
(c) Time to complete the batch was computed in part (a) as Tb = 480.26 min = 8.004 hr
1.4 A high-production operation was studied during an 80-hr period. During that time, a total
of seven equipment breakdowns occurred for a total lost production time of 3.8 hr, and the
operation produced 38 defective products. No setups were performed during the period.

The operation cycle consists of a processing time of 2.14 min, a part handling time of 0.65
min, and a tool change is required every 25 parts, which takes 1.50 min. Determine (a)
hourly production rate of acceptable parts and (b) scrap rate during the period.
Solution: (a) Cycle time of the unit operation Tc = 2.14 + 0.65 + 1.50/25 = 2.85 min
Hours of production during 80 hours = 80 – 3.8 = 76.2 hr
Total number of parts produced = 76.2(60)/2.85 = 1604 pc
Number of acceptable parts produced = 1604 – 38 = 1566 pc
Production rate of acceptable parts Rp = 1566/80 = 19.58 pc/hr
(b) Scrap rate q = 38/1566 = 0.0243 = 2.43%

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O Keuning! mocht jo God op ierde
In lang en sillich libben jaen,
It lân yn frede bloeije litte,
En noait mei swiere pleagen slaen!
Dat is de winsk fen de echte Friezen;
Den wirdt dit lân in lust for jo,
En ’t folk scil jo, oan ’t lette grêf ta,
Forearje en tsjinje froed en trou.
Dêrom, o Keuning en Princessen!
Tink nou mar: wy binne út-fen-hûs;
Formeitsje jimme hjir ris tige,
As bern yn de âlderlike klûs.
Wy hâlde net fen folle noadzjen;
Mar, hawwe jimme it hjir nei ’t sin,
Kom den ris op in oare tiid wer,
Mei ’t hele Keunings-húsgesin.
Master Jelle.
Douwe. Mar, Master! Master! scille jy dat dy greate ljue sa mar
foarlêze yn ús boeretael? Hja scille miene, det wy hjar foar ’t soaltsje
hawwe wolle; ik frees it scil jo forkeard ôfgean.
Master. En ik leau it heel net. As de Keuning my dat kwealik
ôfnaem, den wier er net felle wiis; hwent wy sprekke in tael, dy sa âld
is as it lân dêr wy yn wenje, en licht wol âlder. En dêrby, ús
foarâlders sprieken hjar, en dêr lykje wy wol oan, mar wy binne der
net mear by to forgelykjen. Hird en sterk, rûch en onbiheind wierne
hja; mar it wierne kearels, dy stoene fêst as in peal boppe wetter; en
fen sokke ljue hâldt ús Keuning ommers. En scoe syn Majesteit it my
nou kwealik ôfnimme, as ik him yn de tael oanspriek, dy troch sokke
ljue spritsen is? Ik leau it net, Douwe!

Beik. Mar, Master! is dat wier, hwet jy der niis yn it rymke seinen
fen de Keuninginne?
Master. Ja, wol wier, Beik! Hja hat sels mei folle kosten for de
earme soldaten, dy yn de lêste kriich in earm ef in skonk ôfsketten
wier, in hûs ynromd, hwer det dy minsken holpen waerden; en dêr
kaem hja sels meast alle dagen yn, en forboun sels wol ris in inkelde
mei. En as dy minsken dêr den genêzen útgongen, den waerd hjar
neijerhân in gnap stik jild ôfsein, sa lang as hjar libben dûrret, dêr sy
yet mei wiif en bern in aerdich ynstruijinkje fen hawwe. Ik wit sokke
wol, en dy scoene dat bêste minske wol op hânnen drage, ja, yn de
dea scoene se derfor gean.
Beik. Och Heare! Master, hwet binne dat bêste minsken.
Master. Ja, út it kâlde Ruslân komme ek wol ’ris waerme
christelike herten.
Beik. Nou, it is der allike folle om, mar sokke bêste minsken scoe ik
dochs wol ’ris in dei mennich út-fen-hûs hawwe wolle.
Douwe. Dêr waerdste sa skjin mei forlegen, detste dy sels gjin rie
wiste; dou rekkeste der sa skjin yn wei, detste net mear wiste hwetste
dieste. Mienstou det dy ljue iten ite as wy; hwet scoeste hjar
foarsette?
Beik. Wel, ik scoe iel en ierdappels opdisse, den in skinke mei
eartepûllen en blomkoal, en ta in neigeset in fikse boffert, ripe kersen
en ierdbeijen; en den scoe ’k dy jongfaem, dy Princesse, dy scoe ik
rizenbrij mei sûker en bûter en pypkaniel jaen.
Douwe. Nou, ik hear wol oan dy, dy ljue scoene wol genôch krije;
dou pijste en perseste it de ljue ek genôch ta, en den wierste hjar ek
gau kwyt. Mar ien ding wier yette it slimste. Sokke greate, rike,
machtige ljue dy wolle ek rejeal wêze, en dy noadden ús ek wis yn
den Haech werom út-fen-hûs. Dat wier for my lang sa bryk net as for
dy; ik koe mei de Keuning oer de bêste rydhynzers prate, hwent dêr
hâlde wy beide fen; en wy koene ris út to riden gean; mar dou hast
neat leard as tsjernjen en bûterheinen en meltsjen, hwet scoeste
bigjinne? Nou, siz ik gjin wierheit, wiif?

Beik. O ja, dêr waerd ik mei forlegen; ik kin ek sa lang net fen it
hoarnleger. Mar ik woe hjar dochs wol in deugd dwaen.
Douwe. Nou, den wit ik rie; wy moatte hjar yn ’t forfolch elts in
presint dwaen; liket jy dat ek net goed ta, Master?
Master. Ja, mar ik kin net folle jaen; fen dat boekstaverjen mei de
jonges sjit net folle oer; mar ik wit rie: ik kin goed aei-siikje, ik stjûr
hûndert ljipaeyen nei den Haech.
Douwe. Fiks bitocht, Master. En dou makkeste in bêst kynsen
bûter, Beik! woste dat dwaen?
Beik. Jo wol in fjirder, as ik mar net nei den Haech hoef to
reisgjen. Mar hwet scilstou den jaen?
Douwe. Wel, ik haw forline jier in ongetider hawn, dy hie skutter
yn de kamp west, en dy hat my forhelle, det ús Keuning in earste
hynstepresser wier; hy siet op it hynzer, sei er, eft er der op floerre
wier; en hy fleach oer de heide op sa’n meageren igewige fen in guds,
det it sân yn de loft opstau; der wier net ien dy sa hird koe. Nou wol
ik him myn brúntsje jaen; in edel dier ûnder de man: dat moat er ha,
dêr kin er yet ris mei pronkje.
Master. Mar ho sit it, kin ik ek mei jo nei Ljouwert ride, as ús
Keuning dêr komt? hwent dat ding moat ik foarlêze.
Douwe. Heel wol; mar jy bigripe, den moat dy moaije lange
brêgemansrôk en de tripen broek oan; de greate kûtgaspen en de
gouden gasp op ’e hoed moatte net forgetten wirde; en it scil bêst
wêze, det Domenij ek mei rydt: mei ús beiden binne wy dochs mar
just bitroud, hwent myn wiif woe mei de lytste bern ride.
Master. Kom, it wirdt wer gekheit, joun jimme!
Douwe en Beik. Ek joun, Master!

DE JONKERBOER,
EF KRYSTTIID EN SINT STEFFEN YN ALD FRYSLAN,
fen Dr. EELTSJE HALBERTSMA.
FOARWIRD.
Ik hab my by it opstellen fen dit stik altyd sels de plicht oplein om
sa to skriuwen, det men der net fen sizze kin, men kin taeste en fiele
det it leugens binne. Jinwirch skriuwt men sa net, en men steurt yen
net oan onwierskynlikheden, en dat kin ik net lije. “Yn de fabel sels
moat de wierheit hearskje,” seit in Franskman. De twa forteltsjes
fen master Tsjerk binne by de wierheit troch, mar dat is mar om de
bern to formeitsjen: dy binne fen in âld Dútske beam plôke, dy by de
Hearen Grimm yn it hôf stiet. Al it oare wirk is út myn eigen holle
foartkomd, en ik biëagje neat mei myn skriuwen, as om myn Fryske
lânsljue in noflike pear ûren to bisoargjen.
Nim it for ljeaf: it is fen in griis man, dy de wrâld yn it koart
forlitte moat.
Grou, 28 Maeije 1856.
E. H.
DE JONKERBOER.
Das leben ist im grunde so fatal ernsthaft, dass es ohne diese
verbindung des pathetischen mit dem comischen nicht zu
ertragen wäre.
Heine.

Yn it bigjin fen sechstjinhûndert wier to Frentsjer in jong hear oan
de studie; it wier de Jonker H. Net in heel wyld studint wier it, mar
in feardich, fluch, krigel hear. De âlde Grytman H. fen ien fen de
Dongeradielen, dat syn heit wier, woe him yn de rjuchten opliede,
mar dat getiis yn dy âlde wetten stoe him net oan, en hy joech him
oan de âlde Romeinske en Grykske skriuwers en dichters oer, sadet
syn heit wol ris sei: “Jonge! ik leau det Plutarchus dyn bibel en
Horatius dyn testamint is; en dat moasten eigentlik de instituten en
de pandecten wêze. Jonge! dou moaste dy op de rjuchten lizze; mar
de rjuchten laeine op de Jonker, en hy die der net oan. Dêrom roun it
iene jier yn it oare, sadet er al fjouwerentweintich jier âld waerd, foar
det ’er om in promotie tocht waerd; en howol det de Jonker in
skrander brein yn de holle hie, wier de twang fen it stêdlibben
jimmer in skrik for him west, en hie it de âlde hear folle wirk koste
om him oan de studie to krijen. De Jonker hie in neef oan de studie,
dy to Langwaer wenne; dy Jonker wier fen in oar aerd; dy siet it
adelik bloed jimmerwei yn ’t boarst; lykwol wierne it greate spitsen.
Do de krystfakantie bigoun, teach de Jonker H. mei nei Langwaer ta,
en den scoe de feint him foar krysttiid mei in hynzer werom helje nei
Dongeradiel op it Slot, omdet de âlde Grytman ljeafst yn de
krystdagen syn bern en goede frjeonen by him hie op it Slot.
Mar kwalik wierne de studinten to Langwaer, do bigoun it to
friezen, det it knipte. Dêr wier it in fleurich libben: wyn en lekker iten
gjin gebrek; der wier ek in freule Juliane..... út-fen-hûs, dy ’er goed
útseach en tige ryk wier, dy moai song en moai dounse. Dêr setten
hja de Jonker altyd neist, en hy wier hoflik en tsjinstich genôch jin de
jiffer; mar hja bihanle de tsjinstboaden to hounsk nei syn sin, en as
er in boer yn de keamer kaem, den wipke se hjar noaske sa heech, en
as de man mei de hoed oan de flier ta bûgde en niigde, den seach hja
hwet skean oer ’t skouder en sei gjin wird. Mar do in dei foar
krysttiid de feint fen de Jonker H. op redens út Dongeradiel kaem,
om him ôf to heljen, bidoar se it alheel en al mei him: hwent do de
feint, Christiaan, yn de keamer kaem en him sljucht wei Jonker
Hobbe neamde, do sei se: “dat vind ik impertinent om zijn heer en
meester bij de naam te noemen.” “En dêr is by my gjin kwea yn; dy

namme is in âlde Fryske namme, sa bin ik doopt, en dêr bin ik
greatsk op, omdet myn foarâlders him ek dragen hawwe,” sei de
Jonker do sa hwet op in snauske wize; de jiffer sloech de eagen del en
wier forslein.
De Jonker wier bliid det de feint komd wier, omdet it mei syn
Omke en him dochs ek net beare woe. Dy sinnen rounen al to fier út
eltsoarren, binammen do dy hear him de portretten fen syn
foarâlders mei folle earnst bisjen liet, en him forhelle, det er dy for
gjin fjouwer boerepleatsen misse woe. Do bigoun de Jonker to
laeitsjen en sei: “en ik joech gjin hûndert goune for dy hele boel:
hwent de kinst ’er fen is neat wirdich; dêr kin ik fen prate; ik
skilderje ek, mar as efter op dy skilderijen in koarte
libbensbiskriuwing fen al dy ljue stoe, en it wierne allegearre greate
helden west, dy it lân út de need holpen, ef deugdsomme reginten ef
oare brave ljue, den scoe ik ’er de hoed for lichte; mar boerestrûpers
en hazzejaggers dwaen ik it net for, al is hjar adel sa âld as
Rome.”—“Dou sprekste in nuvere tael, sei de Omke do; “dou biste de
namme fen Jonker net wirdich, astou der nin mear priis op
stelste.”—Dêr stel ik greater priis op, Oom, as jy miene, leau ik,” wier
it antwird; “mar dêr sit in hege forplichting oan, dy folle Jonkers net
rekkenje, en dat is dizze: det wy ús as in edelman gedrage moatte,
wolle wy ontsach hawwe; wy moatte troch wysheit, biskaving, en as it
to pas komt mei de wapens útwize, det wy boppe in oar steane, en
oars binne wy ek al net mear as in oar minske.”—“Wel, dat kin in
boer ek,” sei de Omke.—“Den is hy ek in edelman, sei de Jonker[67];
en der scil yet in tiid komme, det it jild en it forstân de wrâld regearje
scille en de adel weisinkt.”—“Nou siz ik neat mear,” sei de Omke, en
hy hie wirk om syn lilkens to forbiten, en mompele ienige flokwirden,
dy ôfbritsen waerden troch syn soan, de oare studint, dy de treppen
op roun en lûd bigoun to sjongen de âlde studintesang:
Mihi est propositum in taberna, mori, etc.
Hy sloech him op it skouder en sei: “nou is dyn feint klear, Neef; ik
woe graech detste bleauste, mar dyn âlde wachtet dy joun thús en it
is in greate reed. Mar foar detste foart tsjochste, moat ik dy efkes to

wirden; kom! gean hjir yn dit keammerke. Ho tinkste oer ús nicht
Juliane? dy wirdt dy talein, Neef; ik leau det dyn âlde hear dy oars
net yn de winter reisgje litten hie, hwent hy sit ek hwet allinne dêr op
dat Slot; ik wit ek det ’er forskate brieven oer en wer skreaun binne,
en dat kin nearne oars oer wêze as dêr oer; ho tinkste’ der oer, Neef?
siz dyn sin rjucht út.”
“Ja, Neef, wier it antwird, “ik haw dat spil allegearre goed
trochnoaze; de âlde hat my net rjuchtwei alles sein, mar hy hat it
minske prize op in danigen wize; hy hat hjar jild net neamd, mar hjar
deugden en hjar seden en ho edel det se opfied wier, en mear yette
wist ik troch Christiaan; hwent dy ontgiet nin mûs op it Slot, al komt
er ek troch it goatsgat. Mar as men in rôt op in side spek bynt, den
wol it beest der net yn bite; sa giet it ek mei my, Neef. Sjuch, ik bin
lyk as dou in edelman; wy studearje beide yn de rjuchten, dou wiste
it is myn sin net; lykwol dêr ik for útgien bin, scil ik for thús komme,
en ik scil dalik as ik wer to Frentsjer kom promoveare. As ik den myn
âlders sin dwaen, den kin ik earst jier en dei yn de stêd omstappe yn
moaije klean, om einlinge yn in ampt to kommen, en den krij ik jild,
mar den sit ik ek yn in twangstoel, en dat past my net, Neef. Hoarris,
myn âlde oarreheit, hat my in pleats tamakke, dêr bin ik skepper en
skriuwer oer; dêr kin ik mei dwaen hwet ik wol. As ik gelegenheit
haw, wol ik dêr noch ris hinne: hwent ik haw der sont myn
bernejierren net wêst, en stiet it my dêr den oan, den wird ik dêr boer
op. En as ik den in wiif siikje, den wol ik ien siikje, dêr ik in boerinne
fen meitsje kin: sa tink ik ’er oer, Neef!”—“Ja, hwer fynste sa’n wiif,
en hwet scil Oom sizze? dy springt út syn fel; en dou biste sa’n man
fen âlde letteren en geskiedenis; dat liket nuver, Neef!”—“Hwer ik
sa’n wiif fine scil, dat wit ik net; ik bin der net hastich mei; en hwet
myn âlders sizze, dêr steur ik my yn dit gefal net oan; ik moat myn
libben lang omgean mei it wiif dat ik nim; taest ik den forkeard, den
haw ik nin minske de skild to jaen as my sels; en folge ik de rie fen
âlders ef frjeonen, den scoe ik dy altomets yette yn hjar grêf forflokke
moatte. En hwetst’ my seiste fen sucht for de letterkinde en myn
skilderjen: as ik dat net hie en bihâlde koe, den woe ik net op it lân
wenje, mar ik gong yn in stêd, dêr de measte drokte wier, om it

liddige fen myn geest oan to follen. Forarbeidzje scil ik my ek net, dat
docht gjin need. Mar ik wol sa folle dwaen, det ik myn iten fortarre
en swiet sliepe kin.” De neef lake om dat plan en tochte, dou mienst’
it dochs net. “Nou, Neef, sei de Jonker, “hastou sin oan Freule
Juliane, ik stean hjar oan dy ôf; my past hja net; ik scil it dy ôf- noch
oanriede, mar sjen út dyn eigen eagen. Mar wy moatte ôfbrekke; as
wy to Frentsjer komme, kinne wy der wer oer prate.—“ “Mar wy
skiede net as Heidens en Turken, Neef: hawar, dêr is yet in folle
bokael; kom, klink oan: vivat Academia, Neef!”—“Vivant
Professores!” wier it antwird en do fûsken se yet ris hertlik.
Nei dit hertlik ôfskied fen syn Neef, dat hwet koelder wier tsjin de
âlde hear, en neidet er de oare Jiffers de hân drukt hie, makke hy in
djippe earbiedige bûging tsjin de Jiffer Juliane en boun him de
redens ûnder. Christiaan, de feint, wier de wynbrekker, dat wol
nedich wier, hwent it waeide út it easten, det it rikke en gûlde, en it
frear, det it knipte. Do se ris stil stiene om út to pûsten yn de lijte fen
in wettermounle, do sei Christiaan: “dat scil nou wille hjitte, Jonker,
mar ik neam it onnocht.”—“Ja, sei de Jonker, “mar de nocht komt
tonei; noait sit it nofliker as nei sa’n reis by in moai fjûr; hiene wy
mar in brânnend krystblok foar de noas.”—“Dat scille wy wol fine,”
wier it antwird fen Christiaan, en dêr gong it wer hinne. Einlinge
kamen se by it droege gat fen ’e Snitser mar, dêr stie in tinte en dêr
stiene twa fammen, de iene boun de iene reed wer oan, en de oare
stie oerein; mar do dy iene oerein kaem, do kaem der in gestalte foar
syn eagen sa as de Jonker noait sjoen hie; hy wier der forbluft fen.
“Ongemak hawn mei de redens?”—Ja, Mynhear, it haklear wier
boarst en nou hat dy âld man my holpen mei in ein tou; mar wy ride
nei Terherne.” Neidet se in wipperke yn de tinte opnomd hiene,
rieden se mei hjar fjouweren nei de Brette Poask; sa waerd dat
herberchje yn de wanling neamd; dêr hong oars in boerd út, dêr stie
op: “As ik het wel heb onthouden, is dit de hoek van Zevenwouden.”
Hjir leine de fammen hjar redens del en seine: “Wy komme dalik
werom, Bokke,” dat wier de hospes. “Bêst, ljeave diveltsjes!” wier it
antwird, fen de kastelein. “Neame jy sokke moaije fammen sa, man?
frege de Jonker oan de hospes. “Ja, Mynhear, wier it antwird, “dy

forliede de wiiste manljue; sokke eagen en sa ’n wêzen dêr is nin
mannehert tsjin opwoechsen; ik bin in oarlochsbonke; ik haw saun
jier op it oarlochskip west; de koegels hawwe my om de kop flein; it
brein fen myn bêste maet siet my op ’e klean, do it karwei birêdden
wier; ik wier bang for divel noch dead; mar ik kaem thús, en sa ’n lyts
wyfke seach my goed oan, en do wier ik in gefangen man; sa kin it jo
yet ek gean, Mynhear!”
“IT DROEGE GAT” YN ’E SNITSER MAR.
De jonker glimlake en tocht net, det Bokke do yette sa ’n wiersizzer
wier. De frjeonen easkene waerm bier en dêr diene se hwet
brandewyn en sjerp by, en forkwikten hjar by in moai fjûr, en de
kastelein brocht yet al mear oan fen dat swarte hout. “Hwet hout ha
jy dêr?” sei de Jonker. “Dat is kienhout, sei de kastelein, “dat helje wy
ûnder út de Gongrypster poel; dat is der alear woechsen; do moat it
wetter gâns leger west hawwe as nou, hwent it sit seis, saun foet
ûnder it wetter; dêr skynt it woechsen to wêzen, do dat dêr alear bosk
wier; dêrom neame se dizze hoeke ek de Legewâlden, dêr dit de
úthoeke fen is, lyk as op myn boerd to lêzen stiet.”—“Mar hwerom
neame se jou hûs de Brette Poask?” sei de Jonker. “St! sei de
kastelein, “dat is in skeldnamme for Terhernsters; ik woe net graech
det myn wiif it ienris hearde, hwent den komme hjar dalik de stikels
oerein.”—Do kaem der in earm âld wiif to biddeljen, dy joech er in
tsjok stik brea mei in pear droege hearringen. “Hawar, sei de man;

“dêr haste in stik brea mei Ropsylster spek (omdet dy folle by
Roptasyl út sé oankomme); as in boer dy nou in hânfetfol sûpe jowt,
den hast’ in mieltiid.”—“Och”, sei de Jonker, “hwet sjocht dat minske
der aeklich út; hawar, jaen hjar in pear dûbeltjes, Christiaan.”—“Ja,
Jonker,” sei de kastelein, “dy is fen de finne op de yester komd; dy
haw ik foar jierren kend, dat hja yn ’t side en brat roun, en nou is se
in stokdweil, lyk as jy sjenne, dy men wol yn ’e kersebeam sette koe
mei in dea kat om de hals for in sjamme. Dy hat lange jierren by in
âld ryk fiskael wenne to Snits as byslieperske ef matras, ho neame se
sokke klitsen hast ek; dy âlde hear waerd sa swier en onbihelprich,
det se him de foetten waskje, teanplúzje en neilknippe moast;
koartom, hja heinde en fierde de man as in kreamwiif en tearde mei
him om as in lyts bern; en do de man de toffels útteach, do makke er
hjar yet al gâns in knoarre jild, mar do troude hja noch wer in
jongkeardel en dy koft in heal trekskip for hjar jild; dat libbe der
plezierich hinne, mar do de boel op wier, gong de skipper nei
Eastynje en liet hjar sitte, en nou rint se to skoaijen. Hie se oppast,
den hie se in kaptael hawn as in boargemaster, dat siz ik jo, Jonker.”
De Jonker sei: “mar dy frouljue, kastelein, dy hjir niis de redens
dellein hawwe, hwer binne dy fen dinne, Bokke?” “Dy binne fen de
Wieren hjir oer de mar wei: dat binne boere huzen, dy hearre leau ik
ûnder Tersoal: dy lizze dêr oan sa’n poeltsje, dat hjit de Brekken,
Jonker.
“Dat iene is de faem fen de boer en de oare is in foardochter fen de
boer, dy hat hjar mem yn de kream forlern, en nou wennet hjar
twade mem, dy hjar to boarst hawn hat en opfokke oan hjar fjirde
jier ta, hjir to Terherne; dy hjit se yette altyd mem, en hja binne mâl
om eltsoarren: dêr is hja wis.”—“Dat is in moai jongfaem,” sei de
Jonker. “Clare! rôp de kastelein, “sa’n moai, edel en ljeaf jongfaem, is
der yn de hele legea-en en yn de hele lege wâlden net, en dêr is oars
soarte, Jonker, dat siz ik jo. Hja hat mar ien gebrek, as it dat
is.”—“En dat is?” frege de Jonker.—“En dat is, wier it antwird, “det se
gjin earmoede sjen kin. It is forline jier bard, det ’er in earm
skoaijerswiif mei in lyts bern op ’e rêch op bleate foetten by hjar foar
de doar kaem, en om do it minske gau to helpen, sa teach se hjar

eigen hoazzen út en joech se oan it wyfke. En hja hat ek mear leard as
rjucht hinne. Der wennet in wiis skoalmaster to Tersoal, dy hie nocht
oan hjar en dy hat hjar alles leard hwet er wiste.
Dêr kaem it wiif fen de kastelein op ta, dy sei: “Jy moatte him net
telle, Mynhear; hy is in frouljuesgek: as er mar in doek sjucht, den is
er al oerstjûr, al sjucht er it frouminske yet net ienris.”—“Né, ik bin
der net gek om, hwent dy gek om in frouminske wirdt, dy hoeft net
efter de tralies set to wirden, mar dy moat mar oan in kwea wiif
fêstboun wirde en den is er gau wer wiis; mar ik bin, lyk as alle
manljue, krekt as in eintsje klapkoarde, dat him om in finger wine lit
troch in wiif, ef dêr hja in swipesnoer fen meitsje, al nei det it bihânle
wirdt. Mar Clare, dêr wol ik gjin kwea fen hearre, wiif! mar jimme
kinne noait lije, det men in oar frouminske moai hjit ef ljeaf. Mar dêr
komme hja al oan.”
Do de fammen oer de flier kamen, stoe de Jonker op en niigde en
seach Clare frjeonlik oan; en hja sloech hjar moaije blauwe eagen del.
“Fammen, sei er, “jimme binne fen de Wieren, wennet dêr dy âlde
Piter Doeckes net?”—
“Ja dat is ús neiste bûrman, Mynhear! hawwe jy dêr kinde oan,
Mynhear?—
“Ja, sa hwet, myn faem; mar gean sitten, fammen; ik scil jimme in
swiet sûpke jaen; jy hawwe wol hwet, kastelein, net?”—“Dat scoe ik
tinke, Jonker. Ik haw gûd, dêr de soldaten fen bidde en preekje, dêr
de domenijs troch ten oarloch farre en de skroarren fen op ’e kop
steane; en dy nin sin hawwe oan frouljue ef dy ’er to hjit op binne, ik
kin se allegearre helpe. Dy to folle bier ef drank hawn hawwe, dy
stjûr ik nei de pomp ta, en dy jow ik tonei de rie om de drank ljeaver
yn de skoen to jietten; mar ik scil de fammen hwet Rosolis jaen.”
De Jonker siet hwet stil en do sei er tsjin syn feint: “Hoarris,
Christiaan, dou nimste hwet iten by dizze man, en den rydstou
allinne nei hûs ta; de reis wirdt my to biswierlik; ik ryd mei dizze
fammen nei de Wieren ta; dêr wol ik krysttiid hâlde by Piter-om en
Joukje-moi, dêr bin ik thús.” Clare krige in kleur en hearde nuver op,
det de Jonker dêr thús wier. De Jonker scoe in skelling for it gelach

bitelje; mar by fortaest smiet hy in gouden rider op ’e tafel. “Hou, sei
de feint, “sa kin it net, Jonker: dy gave is to great.”—“Dat is ek sa”, sei
de Jonker; “mar it is in gelok for dy, detste net to Dokkum
biste.”—“Hwerom?” sei de kastelein. “Dat kin hy jo straks wol
forhelje, as wy foart binne”, wier it antwird. De Jonker en de fammen
stieken oer de marshoarne en pûstten ’ris út by de Tersoalstersyl, en
do sei Clare: “jy ride in goede gons, Jonker; dat is men fen sokke ljue
oars sa net wend.”—“Ei faem, sei de Jonker, “ik bin ek al op in doarp
greatbrocht. Jy swaeije ek sa net as in hopen fen dy knapskrinkels; jy
steane ek feardich genôch op de redens, faem.”
“Ja, sei se, “wy lege-aensters leare it riden al jong, mar ik wol myn
bêst net dwaen, dat is minskeslopen;” en sa pratende wei kamen se
op ’e Wieren, en do sei de Jonker: “ik kom by jimme to jounpraten,
faem.”—“Bêst, sei Clare, “dwaen dat mar, Jonker; jy scille by dy âlde
ljue gau jins nocht hawwe; ús heit wol graech in prater hawwe, en by
ús is folle oanrin mei de krystdagen. Dêr wenje de âlde ljue, Jonker,”
en do wiisde hja him it hûs.
De âlde boer siet yn de hirdsherne de beantsjes út to pûljen, dy ’t
er de simmers boud hie, en it âld wiif siet to slûgjen by de spinwiele.
Do de Jonker him bikend makke, wier de âlde boer wakker forhûge;
hy makke syn âld wiif wekker; dy wier hwet staf en hirdhearrich.
“Sliepste?” rôp er. “Né, sei se, “mar dy âld spinwiele dy kriget
raenjen, dy bigjint stil to stean.” “Toe, de lânhearre is hjir.”—“De âlde
is ommers dea.” “Nou ja, mar de Jongehear is it ommers nou, it
bernsbern.”—“Hwa? Hobbe?”—“Ja, dêr sit er.”—“Ja waerliken, biste
dêr, jonge, hwet bin ik bliid.” Hja naem syn rjochterhân mei beide
hânnen beet en patte der op om; hja sette de bril op. “Ik moat him ek
’ris yn ’e troanje sjen; ja waerliken, sei se, “hy liket op ús âlde
lânhearre, dy hjir den kaem to fiskjen; ja, dêr haw jy hjir noch mei
west. Ja, do wier ’t noch mar in jonkje, sa ’n poarre fen in jier ef
tsjien; nou ik bin bliid detste hjir biste, jonge.”—“Dou drukkeste de
Jonker lyk eft it dyn eigen soan is.”—“Nou, dat is er hjoed ek”, sei it
âlde wyfke; “hy scil it net minder hawwe as myn bern,” en hja roun
de spinnewiele om, en helle gau in kjessen, dat se him op ’e stoel
smiet, en do krige er bêste pankoeken mei krinten der yn.” “Hie ’k

nou mar hwet to drinken,” sei de boer; “ik hie in fetsje klúnbier op ’e
krysttiid krige en dat is bifêrzen yn de skûrre. Ik haw yette hwet wyn
yn in kiste; dy is wol fiifentweintich jier âld; dy scil wol bidoarn wêze;
dy hat jou oarreheit hjir yet bisoargje litten; dy scoene se by it fiskjen
opdrinke, mar dêr is noait fen komd; hy hat my de kaei jown. Dêr sit
ek in brief yn, dy scil ik jo jaen, hwent ik moast him oan gjin minske
oars jaen as oan jo; en as ik brân yn myn hûs krige, moast ik ’er de
kiste earst útslepe. Dêr sit wis hwet yn, dat gâns wirdich wier; en
dêrom stiet er dêr yette op it selde plak ûnder dat âld bedsteed.”
De Jonker wier nijsgjirrich hwet der yn siet; hy tochte det hy him
in pots spile hie, dêr de âld man fol fen siet, lyk as by folle âlde
Friezen.
Do hja dy kiste iepen makkene, stie der in fak yn, dêr in dozyn
flessen fine wyn op stiene, mar yn in hoeke laei in greate jildpong, en
dêr founen se yn learen pûdtsjes tûzen gouden dukaten mei in
frjeonlik briefke yn it latyn oan syn bernsbern, hwerom hy him dit
skonk for de moaije pots, dy er him by ’t fiskjen spile. De Jonker
bigoun to laeitsjen, mar de âld boer waerd sa kel, det de man kwalik
op syn skonken stean koe: hwent de wrâld wier by him ek Gods wirk,
mar it jild wier de God, dy him rejearre. “’t Is in gelok, sei de man,
“det ik dat net witten haw, oars hie ik nachts gjin each ticht lûke
kind.”—“Hiene jy den de kweade yn hûs, Piter-om?”—“Né, wier it
antwird, “mar syn dommekracht, Mynhear; hwent dêr kin men
bergen mei forsette en keuninkriken omkeare; is ’t net wier, Jonker?
Mar wy binne sa folle jild yn hûs net wend.”—“’t Wier ek nuver for de
âld man, om dêr sa folle jild yn to triuwen.”—“Ja mar, Jonker, wy
libben as âlders en bern mei elkoarren; it hat der ek mar fiif jier yn
stien; do hat de âlde hear ôfskied fen my nomd, en do sei er yette: ik
wird minder en ik kom jo licht net wer to sjen, en as wy oan de oare
kant elkoarren wer mette, den kin it bislaen, det ik boer wird en jy
lânhearre, Piter-om.”—“Dêr hawwe jy it net nei makke, lânhearre, sei
ik do, en do koene wy beide ek net mear sizze; en do hat er ús
forlitten en is in jier twa tonei stoarn. Mar scoe dy wyn yette goed
wêze, Jonker? hwent dy is wol fiifentweintich jier âld.” Do sei de
Jonker: “witte jy net Piter-om, det jonge frouljue better binne as

âlde? “Ja, sei Piter-om, dat wit ik by ûnderfining.” “Witte jy net det
âlde wyn better is as jonge?” “Né,” sei de boer.—“Nou, sei de Jonker,
“set der mar ris tsjien flessen út, dêr scille wy krysttiid mei hâlde,
âlde hear.”—“Den mei Sint Steffen der wol by hâlden wirde, sei de
boer, “oars krije jy se net op.”—“Wy scille ’ris sjen”, sei de Jonker. Hy
lûkte de koark fen ien ôf en it smakke hearlik; de âld boer naem ’er
ek in romerfol fen en it smakke him sa ridlikjes, sei de man, mar hy
koe him yet net bigripe ho dat gûd sa lang dûrje koe, en hy hie ljeaver
in kopfol swiet sûpen, dy de âld man by it hirdtsje stean hie, lyk as yn
dy tiid it gebrûk wier. De Jonker dronk syn flesse neiby leech en do
bifongen him de lea en hy foel yn de sliep yn de hirdshoeke by in
moai fjûr. It âld wiif lei foarsichtich in pear grinzergrouwen
skerteldoeken en yet in moai sitsen skoudermanteltsje oer him
hinne, en hy slepte as in roas.—Wylst de Jonker dêr sit to sliepen, scil
ik ’ris forhelje ho it syn feint Christiaan, dy wy by de kastelein to
Terherne sitte litten hawwe, ôfgong.
“De Jonker sei niis, dou moaste my ’ris forhelje fen Dokkum”, sei
de kastelein. “Hwette?” sei Christiaan. “Wel, do ’t er dy rider dêr by
forgis op ’e tafel smiet, do seistou: dy gave is to great.”—“Ja, sei
Christiaan, “dat sei de boargemaster fen Dockum. Ei ju, dy scoe mei
syn folk út to seinefiskjen; hy ried mei de wein nei de Geast, en it folk
mei de seine wier der al, en den scoene hja sa nei de stêd ta fiskje. Do
diene hja de earste set op dat lytse Klaerkampster marke, tichte by
dat âlde kleaster Klaerkamp, en as dy set goed wier, den scoe dy
earste set for de earmen fen Rinsumageast wêze; nou dat lûkte al en
tôge sa swier, det ’er wol tsjien man oanhingen om it to wâl to krijen.
Dêr scil raer hwet útkomme, sei de boargemaster do. Ik haw wol
sein, det dy set for de earmen fen de Geast wêze scoe, mar dy gave is
to great; dy moat heal-ôf tocht my. Mar do dy tsjoel oan de wâl kaem,
do siet ’er net yn as in mennich reade wâldfoarntsjes en manekarpers
en ek in deade fôle; dy hie dy swierens oanbrocht. Dy fôle wier in dei
mennich to foaren troch it onwaer deaslein, en de boer dy er
tabihearde, hie him in bâlstien yn de bealch binaeid en him sa sinke
litten, omdet er to loai wier om in dobbe to graven. Dy selde boer stie
der ek by en dy lake ’er ek it measte om; mar de boargemaster fen

Dockum net. Dêrom, as men nou to Dockum seit: “dy gave is to
great,” den stiet it net bêst: dêrom sei de Jonker dat.”—“Mar, sei de
kastelein, “ho komste oan dy poepenamme; dou bist’ oars in Fries,
wis net?” “Ja, mar myn heit wier in poep; ús âlde hear, dy foar fiif jier
stoarn is, hie ritmaster west, en dêr wier myn heit oppasser by; dy
wier út Hessenlân, en dy is altyd syn feint bleaun. Do de âlde hear
minder waerd, hat er wol fyftich nachten en dagen op him past, en do
dy stoar, wier myn âlde ek mei in fearnsjier wei: hy mocht iten noch
drinken mear; en nou bin ik syn opfolger wirden by dizze Jonker syn
heit. Mar dy is fen hwet heger steat. Nou, hy is ek Grytman; mar ik
haw it goed, as ik mar oppas. Mar dizze Jonker dat is in
minskefrjeon, en dat is in gelok: hwent hy hat
hynstekrachten.”—“Dat liket my sa ta, sei de kastelein, “det it in
gewanten knevel is.”—“Ja, sei Christiaan, “hy hat izeren fûsten, gjin
twa man krije him út syn steed; mar hy makket ’er seldsom gebrûk
fen. Doch do de Jonker it twade jier studint to Frentsjer wier, do hat
er op in nacht alle rottelwachten ien for ien bûten de Dongjumer
poarte band, do wier er baes fen de stêd. Dat naem de âlde him al
hwet kwalik, hwent de Boargemaster hie him in brief der oer
skreaun. Mar wy moatte ite, it wirdt myn tiid,” sei Christiaan.
Ierdappels wierne do yet mar just bikend en grouwe earte wier de
kost; en dêr wierne fiifentweintich tredde lidden fen goezzewjukken
yn bisean, en dat wier dreech iten op it iis. Lykwol, Christiaan biet
der net hird yn; hy wier yn de koken fen de Grytman bidoarn; de
tsjokke sûpenbrij, dy der op folge, makke it wer goed. “Mar ho
komme jy oan al dy goezzewjukken?” frege de feint.—“Wel, ik bin
goezzeslachter, man! dy keapje ik op fen de boeren, dy ploitsje ik en
sa bring ik se nei Snits. En dy tredde lidden dy sied ik; dat is sa hwet
myn winterflêsk. Aste in Jonker west hieste, den hieste wol hwet oars
krige; en aste werom komste, kinste bitelje; en komste net werom,
den skink ik it dy.”—“Goed, mei twa dagen helje ik de Jonker
werom.”—“Aste him den mei krije kinste, sei de hospes. O dy
Claerke! dy sjocht sa mûzich út hjar eagen, dy kriget him by ’t hert,
dat siz ik dy.”—“Ja, mar frouljuesflêsk sit ’er net oan.”—“Den biklei ik
de man; hwent den is er net soun,” wier it antwird.—“Nou, wy scille

sjen, dou rydste mar by Grou om, en hâld den op de Wartenster toer
oan, en sa oan Aldtsjerk ta, dêr scil dy neat yn de wei wêze. En nou,
goereis, Christiaan! De wyn skampt al hwet nei ’t suden ta; de
Wetering kin al sile, aste in skip wierste.”
It wier al tsjuster, ear det Christiaan op it Slot kaem, en it earste
freegjen wier al gau, hwer eft de Jonker wier. En do forhelle de feint,
det er nei de Wieren riden wier en det hy him nei de hjeldagen
wêrom helje moast. De âlde hear wier der mar just mei tofreden,
omdet hy op ’e twade krystdei meastal in great gastmiel hâldde en
dêr paste in studint wol by. “Nei de Wieren?” sei de Grytman. “Ja,
twa dagen nei nijjier is de Jonker fiifentweintich jier; den is dat syn
pleats; dat hat de âlde hear sa makke; dêr scil hy dochs wol gjin
bûtenpleats stichte wolle, Christiaan?”—“Ik wit it net, mynhear, mar
ik scoe it hast net tinke,” en hy praette ek net oer Clare, hwent hy koe
ek net witte hwet der op folgje scoe. Wy scille nou de Grytman mar
yn de krystdagen mei syn folk gastrearje litte op it Slot, en geane wer
nei de Jonker op de Wieren.
Do de Jonker wekker waerd, sei de âld boer: “Jy hawwe lake yn de
sliep, lânhearre!”—“Ik wol it wol leauwe, Piter-om, sei de Jonker; “ik
droamde earst oer dat fiskjen mei ús âlde Pa, dêr er my dy dukaten
for tamakke hat; en do droamde ik det ik in moai jongfaem op ’e
skirte hie.”—“Ik tocht al, sei de âld boer, “det jy in noflik sin hiene.
Mar ho wier dat fiskjen mei ús âlde lânhearre en jo Jonker?”—“Wel,
jy witte wy hawwe in grêft om it Slot, en dêr op ’e hoeke dêr stiet sa’n
ôfdekje, dêr wier in bank, en dêr sieten de âlde hear en ik folle to
angelfiskjen; dêr sieten wy wer en do stjûrde hy my nei it simmerhûs
om in flesse wyn mei in romer, en do ik dêr mei werom kaem, do sei
er: dyn koark is ûndergien; dêr sit wis hwet oan; en ik helje hastich
op en dêr siet in âld pikelhearring oan, dy de âlde hear der
oanmoffele hie. Sie soa, sei er, jonge, dy kinste foart mar ite. Ik wier
biskamme, mar ik tochte, dêr scil ik him wer for hawwe; en jawol, nei
in jier twa, do dy set al lang forgetten wier, sieten wy wer to fiskjen,
en it woe net fange; do joech ik my op ’e bank to sliepen, sa bearde ik
alteast, en de âlde hear gong yn de tún to kuijerjen. En do de man
werom kaem, wier syn koark ek ûndergien, en ik slepte mar wei; mar

do hy syn angel ophelle, do siet der in âlde prûk oan, dy ik stil oan de
hoek slein hie. Do waerd ik wekker, en sei: dat is nou for dy
pikelhearring, Grootpa. De âlde hear lake det er skodde; ja jonge, sei
er, dat haste gnap makke, mar ik scil der dy wer ris for hawwe,
wachtsje mar hwet. En nou hat er my gedachtich wêst; dat hat my yn
de holle sitten.”
Do it meltsjen dien wier en it gûd ôffoerre, bigounen de frouljue
wer to spinnen, mei trije spinwielen op in rige: de âlde frou, de
greatfaem en de lytsfaem. En do kaem der in âld wiif fen Poppinwier
oan, dy waerd der mei in slide hinne skoud, mei in greate pompieren
stjerre op in stôk, dy se mei in toutsje hinne en wer lûkten; en dêr hie
se in âlderwetsk sankje by. “Nou, sei de âlde boerinne, “dat is in
jierstoune; dat heart sa by krysttiid”; dy joech hjar in goede gave en
do sei dat âld minske: “Hea, hwet spinne jimme, bern! hawwe jimme
dêr sa’n nocht oan?—“Wy woene ljeaver frij, seine dy fammen, “mar
dêr wirde wy op woun, en hwet scoene wy oars ek al dwaen yn dy
lange winterjounen, Afke-moi?”—“Koene jimme ’er sa goed mar
ôfkomme as moaije Houkje fen Bozum.”—“Ho kaem dy fen ’t
spinnen ôf? fortel ús dat ’ris, Afke-moi? jy hawwe yette altiid sokke
âlde teltsjes.”
IN JIERSTOUNE BY KRYSTTIID OP ’E WIEREN BY PITER-OM.

“Nou ja, Houk fen Bozum wier sa’n moai jong faem, mar dy hie nin
nocht oan spinnen, en hjar mem mochte prate hwet hja woe, hja wier
net oan de spinwiele to hâlden. Einlinge wier de mjitte fol; de mem
waerd kwea, sa kwea, det dy sloech ’er op, en do hja in wân mennich
om hawn hie, do bigoun dy moaije faem sa earmhertich to skriemen
en to jammerjen, det men it foar op ’e strjitte hearre koe. Nou kaem
der in foarname frou foarby kuijerjen en, dy op ’e Stins to Bozum
wenne; dy gong dêr yn hûs op, en frege de mem, hwerom hja hjar
dochter sa slein hie. Do skamme dat minske hjar, det hja de loaijens
fen hjar dochter yn it iepenbier bringe scoe, en sei tsjin hjar sin oan:
Frou, ik kin dat famke net fen dat spinnen ôfhâlde; sy wol ivich en
erfelik mar spinne, mar spinne, en ik bin earm en ik kin hjar altyd
gjin flaeks riede om to spinnen.” Do sei dy frou: “ik hear neat ljeaver
as spinnen, en it is my noait nofliker as dat de rêdden snûrje, det
men mar heal lûd hearre kin; jaen my jou dochter mei nei de Stins; ik
haw flaeks genôch; den kin hja hjar hert ophelje mei spinnen, sa folle
as hjar lêst.” Dêr wier de mem wol mei yn ’t skik en de faem gong mei
nei de Stins. Do hja op ’e Stins kamen, brocht de frou hjar yn in
keamer, dy fen ûnderen ta boppe fol fen it moaiste flaeks siet. Spin
my dat flaeks nou, Houk, sei de frou, en aste dat ôfspoun haste, den
scilste myn âldste soan ta in man hawwe. Al bistou earm, dêr jaen ik
net om; dyn greate iver en oanhaldên yn it wirk is my goeder-nôch
for dyn útset; dou hoefste oars neat mei to bringen. Dy faem roun de
grize oer de grouwe do hjar dat oplein waerd, hwent hja koe al dat
flaeks net ôfspinne, al hie hja hûndert jier âld wirden, en fen de
moarns ier ta de jouns let spoun. Do moaije Houkje dêr sa allinne
siet, bigoun hja to skriemen trije dagen lang, sûnder det se in hân
oan de spinwiele sloech. Op ’e tredde dei kaem de frou by hjar yn de
keamer en forwond’re hjar, det de faem noch neat dien hie; mar
Houkje joech foar, det hja sa onwennich fen hjar âlders hûs wier, det
hja net bigjinne koe to spinnen. Dêr wier de frou mei tofreden, en
sei: nou it is alles goed, hear, mar moarn moaste dochs bigjinne,
Houk.
Do dy faem wer allinne wier, do wier se hjar rie skjin to’n ein en
gong se mei in bidrukt gesicht foar it finster stean. Dêr seach hja trije

frouljue by hjar kommen: de iene hie in oeribel greate platte foet, de
twade hie sa’n greate ûnderste lippe, det hy hjar oer ’t kin hinge, en
de tredde hie sa’n greate tomme, det se ’er wol in dikketon ûnder
biflappe koe. Hja seagen by it finster op, hja seagen hjar oan en
fregen de faem, hwet ’er oan skilde mei hjar. Houk klage hjar need;
do beane hja hjar help oan, en seine: astou ús op ’e brilloft noadzje
woste en ús moeike neame, en ek mei oan dyn tafel komme litte
woste, astou trouste mei de Jonker, sa wolle wy dyn flaeks ôfspinne
en dat yn koarte tiid.—O sa graech, sei de faem, kom mar yn en bigjin
foart mar, hwent der is for my dochs gjin trochkommen oan.
Do liet se dy trije nuvere frouljue yn de keamer en makke in hoale
yn ’t flaeks, hwer det se yn sieten to spinnen. De iene lûkte de tried
oan en trape it rêd, de twade makke him wiet mei de lippe en de
tredde draeide him om mei de tomme, en den sloech se mei de finger
op tafel, en sa faek as hja dat die, den foel in reaf fen it moaiste jern
fen de spinwiele. Foar de frou hâldde hja hjar trije spinsters biskûle,
en as dy by hjar kaem, den sloech hja de hânnen yn elkoarren fen dy
greate heap fen dat skoane jern, en priisge hjar danich. En sa wier
dat flaeks yn koarte dagen ôfspoun. En do namen dy trije frouljue
ôfskied, en seine: “Nou Houk, forjit net hwetste ús onthjitten haste, it
scil dyn gelok wêze, dat bilove wy dy, en oars wirdt it dyn ongelok.”
Do moaije Houkje de frou dy greate keamer sjen liet mei al dat
moaije jern oan de souder ta opheape, do wier de frou bliid, en sei:
“nou scilste myn âldste soan hawwe, en wy scille brilloft hâlde.” En
de soan as brêgeman wier ek bliid, det hy sa ’n moai en flitich wiif
krige en priisge hjar heech.
“Ik haw trije moeikes, sei Houk do, en omdet dy my fen myn
libben folle goed dien hawwe, woe ik dy ek net forjitte, nou ik sa yn it
gelok komd bin. Nou woe ik dy greach mei to brilloft noadzje, en det
hja mei ús oan tafel sieten; it binne oars mar earme ljue.” En de frou
en de brêgeman wierne der mei tofreden. Do nou de brilloft oangean
scoe, kamen dy trije frjemde frouljue ek der ynstappen, nuver
optakele, en de breid sei: “wolkom hjir, bêste moeikes.”—“Och, sei de
brêgeman, “ho komstou oan sok akelik folk?” Do gong er nei de iene
mei dy greate platte foet en frege hjar: “hwer fen hawwe jy sa ’n

breden foet moeije?”—“Fen it traepjen fen de spinwiele, fen it
traepjen, brêgeman.” Do gong hy nei de oare en frege: “hwer fen
hawwe jy sa ’n greate lippe?” “Fen it slikjen oan de tried, fen ’t
slikjen, brêgeman.” Do frege de brêgeman de tredde en sei: “hwer fen
hawwe jy dy greate tomme, moeije?” “Fen it triieddraeijen,
brêgeman, fen it draeijen.” Do skrikte de jonge man en sei: “nou scil
myn ljeave jonge breid noait fen hjar libben wer in spinwiele
oanroere.” En sa rekke dy fen dat lêstige flaeksspinnen ôf.”—“Dy
kaem ’er maklik ôf,” seine de fammen, en hja lakene om it forteltsje.
Mar Douwe, de greatfeint, dy hie al mei de holle twisken de
knibbels sitten sa lang as dat forteltsje dûrre, en do it út wier, sprong
er op, en sei: “dy trije frouljue, dy spinsters, dat binne tsjoensters
west, lyk as jy binne, Afke-moi; reau det jimme binne! moatte jimme
âldjiersnacht ek wer mei elkoarren in diveldans hâlde? Den komt
koarthakke der wis by, net? Hwer scille jimme it hawwe? op it
Speklân dêr binne jimme weiband troch in wiis man. Nou, dat waerd
ek tiid, hwent dêr jimme komme, dêr wol nin gêrs mear waechse. Op
de Roaspollen moast it mar wêze, dêr is it frij, hwet tinkt jo
moeije?”—“Myn ljeave man,” sei Afke-moi, “jy meitsje my kel; ik wit
krekt sa min fen tsjoenen as fen de ûre fen myn dea.”
“Hâld dy stil mar, âlde tsjoenster! Ik scil dy mear oplêze. Forline
jier biste by de Kleasterboer to Poppinwier yn ’e hûs komd, en do
loekste it widzeklaed ôf en seiste mei dyn fliemske slangetonge: o
frou, hwet hawwe jy dêr in ljeaven blieren jonge yn de widze lizzen;
hy lake my glêd oan; hy appelt glêd en hat dobkes op ’e wangen; en
dalik wier it bern eft it forjown wier; en dat hat krekt sa lang sukkele,
det ’er einlinge in goe man by komd is, dy mear wist as rjucht hinne.
Dy hat it bern bilêzen en in lyts pûdtsje mei krûden yn de widze lein,
en do is it bern wer opheldere; mar it lean kaem efternei: hwent tonei
do kaem der ’ris in great swart kat yn it hôf, en do naem de boer syn
roer, dêr skeat er dy kat in hânfol sâlt mei yn ’t gat en do roun dy hird
foart en âlle fen pine. Mar do hastou, âlde waerûl, yn gjin fjouwer
wiken op dyn âlde ears sitte kind; de matte moast út de stoel snien
wirde, oars wierste forlegen, dat wiste wol.”

“Myn ljeave man, kin yen den net hwet oars oankomme? Ik hoopje
net detstou mei dy pleage bisocht wirdste; dat gin ik myn slimste
fyand net; mar ik scil mar foartgean as ik dy yn ’e wei bin. Goenjoun
jimme!” sei it minske en gong bidrukt wei. Mar Douwe gong foar de
bûthús doar stean: “hjir net troch, sei hy; “jy moatte it gat út, dêr jy
ynkomd binne mei jou draeistjerre.”—“Goed heite”, sei it sloof.
“Dou falste dat minske hird!” sei de Jonker, mar de âldboer, en de
frou binammen, kaem it net to hird oan. “Forline jier, do hat se hjir
ek west, en do moat hjar de gave net greaternôch west hawwe, sa it
like, en do gong hja troch it bûthús wer foart, en de selde nacht hiene
wy al in kealforlizzer, en dat wier mar sa ’n stik ef fjouwer nei
elkoarren. Ik sei, dat hat dy âld tsjoenster dien, en ik gean daedlik nei
Gerben Slingermouwe ta, dat is in man fen it wird, dy hwet mear kin
as in oar; dy hat do in pûdtsje mei krûden ûnder de drompel fen de
bûthús doar bidobbe en in hoefizer oan de doarstile spikere, en do
hawwe wy dat keal foar it heafek bidobbe, en do wier it oer; dêrom
wol ik hjar net mear yn it bûthús hawwe.”
De Jonker glimke ’ris en sei: “kom, ik gean ’ris nei jimme hûrljue
ta to praten.”—“Goed, sei Douwe; den scil ik in krystblok helje, en it
gûd ôffoerje: it is sketjeftstiid.”
De Jonker kaem by ’t finster lâns en hearde moai sjongen, en dat
wier Clare hjar lûd. Mar omdet it to kâld wier om dêr to stean, sa
gong hy yn hûs en foun it hele húsgesin oan de hird, dêr in great
krystblok al laei to barnen. Clare berge hjar sang yn ’t skoalboerd en
de jonges skikten om: de Jonker kaem yn de iene hoeke en de boer
yn de oare hoeke. “De tiid scil jo dêr wol gau lang falle, Jonker, net?”
“Och ja, mar wy prate dêr mar sa hwet oer âlde dingen”, en do
forhelle de Jonker it gefal fen it wyfke mei de stjerre, en ho det de
greatfeint dat âlde sloof útreage hie. “Ja, sei Auke-boer, “it is oars in
bêst feint for de âlde ljue, mar tsjoenderij en foartsjirmerije dêr sit er
fol fen. Hy hat ek al ’ris gek west, mynhear; do hie er al to folle yn de
Bibel omlêzen en dêr rekke de man yn fortiisd; do waerd hy bisteld
hjir tichte by Poppinwier, yn de Marshoarne, by in omke en moeike
fen him. Dat wierne âlde ljue; hy woe neat dwaen, as inkel ’ris by ien
fen de boeren meltsje, dat koe er noch dwaen. Yn de tsjerke kaem hy

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Solution Manual for Fundamentals of Modern Manufacturing: Materials Processes and Systems, 7th Edition, Mikell P. Groover

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