Solution Manual for Information Technology Project Management, 8th Edition

Solution Manual for Information Technology
Project Management, 8th Edition install download
https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-information-
technology-project-management-8th-edition/
Download more testbank from https://testbankmall.com

Instant digital products (PDF, ePub, MOBI) available
Download now and explore formats that suit you...
Test Bank for Information Technology Project Management,
8th Edition
https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-information-technology-
project-management-8th-edition/
testbankmall.com
Solution Manual for Information Technology Project
Management, 9th Edition Kathy Schwalbe
https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-information-
technology-project-management-9th-edition-kathy-schwalbe/
testbankmall.com
Information Technology Project Management 7th Edition
Kathy Schwalbe Solutions Manual
https://testbankmall.com/product/information-technology-project-
management-7th-edition-kathy-schwalbe-solutions-manual/
testbankmall.com
Test Bank for Foundations of Maternal Newborn and Womens
Health Nursing 7th Edition By Murray
https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-foundations-of-
maternal-newborn-and-womens-health-nursing-7th-edition-by-murray/
testbankmall.com

Solution Manual for Management Information Systems, 12/E
12th Edition : 0132576589
https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-management-
information-systems-12-e-12th-edition-0132576589/
testbankmall.com
Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children, 11th Edition
by Marilyn J. Hockenberry Test bank
https://testbankmall.com/product/wongs-nursing-care-of-infants-and-
children-11th-edition-by-marilyn-j-hockenberry-test-bank/
testbankmall.com
Solution Manual for Strategic Management of Technological
Innovation 6th Edition Melissa Schilling
https://testbankmall.com/product/solution-manual-for-strategic-
management-of-technological-innovation-6th-edition-melissa-schilling/
testbankmall.com
Test Bank for Wongs Essentials of Pediatric Nursing 10th
Edition by Hockenberry
https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-wongs-essentials-of-
pediatric-nursing-10th-edition-by-hockenberry/
testbankmall.com
Test Bank for Organization Theory and Design 11th Edition
by Daft
https://testbankmall.com/product/test-bank-for-organization-theory-
and-design-11th-edition-by-daft/
testbankmall.com

Business Communication Polishing Your Professional
Presence 3rd Edition Shwom Test Bank
https://testbankmall.com/product/business-communication-polishing-
your-professional-presence-3rd-edition-shwom-test-bank/
testbankmall.com

Information Technology Project Management, Eighth Edition 2
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 3
CHAPTER 2 5
CHAPTER 3 Error!
Bookmark not defined.
CHAPTER 4 Error!
CHAPTER 5 Error!
CHAPTER 6 Error!
CHAPTER 7 Error!
CHAPTER 8 Error!
CHAPTER 9 Error!
CHAPTER 10 Error!
CHAPTER 11 Error!
CHAPTER 12 Error!
CHAPTER 13 Error!
APPENDIX A Error!
ADDITIONAL RUNNING CASES Error!
List of solution files available and referenced in this document, in alphabetical order:

CHAPTER 1
Introduction to Project Management
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. Why is there a new or renewed interest in the field of project management?
More and more projects are being done by a variety of organizations. The projects are more complex and often
involve the use of new technologies. Organizations are struggling to find better ways to manage their projects.
2. What is a project, and what are its main attributes? How is a project different from what most people do in their
day-to-day jobs? What is the triple constraint? What other factors affect a project?
A project is “a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result” (PMBOK Guide,
2013). In addition to being temporary and unique, other attributes of projects are that they are developed using
progressive elaboration, require resources from various areas, should have a primary customer or sponsor, and
involve uncertainty. Projects are different from day-to-day activities primarily because they have focused goals and
definite beginning and ending dates. The triple constraint is managing scope, time, and cost goals. Other factors that
affect a project include quality, risk, human resources, communications, and stakeholders.
3. What is project management? Briefly describe the project management framework, providing examples of
stakeholders, knowledge areas, tools and techniques, and project success factors.
Project management is “the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order to
meet project requirements” (PMBOK Guide, 2013). The project management framework graphically shows the
process of beginning with stakeholders’ needs and expectations, applying the nine project management knowledge
areas and various tools and techniques to lead to project success and then enterprise success. For example, if a
project were to implement an ERP system for a large company, the stakeholders would include managers and users
from many different departments (finance, manufacturing, human resources, IT, etc.), all nine knowledge areas
would be important, numerous tools and techniques would be applied (see Table 1-1), and project success might be
based on implement key functions by a certain time for a certain cost or having the new system pay for itself within
a certain time period.
4. What is a program? What is a project portfolio? Discuss the relationship between projects, programs, and
portfolio management and the contributions they each make to enterprise success.
A program is “a group of projects managed in a coordinated way to obtain benefits and control not available from
managing them individually” (PMBOK Guide, 2013) Project portfolio management focuses on managing projects
as is as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire enterprise’s success. Projects are part of programs
which are part of portfolios.
5. What is the role of the project manager? What are suggested skills for all project managers and for IT project
managers? Why is leadership so important for project managers? How is the job market for IT project
managers?
The project manager is ultimately responsible for project success. Many suggested skills are listed in this chapter,
including strong leadership skills, organizational skills, technical skills, and many soft skills. IT project managers
require the same skills as general project managers, but they should also know something about the technology used
for the project and the types of people who work on information technology projects. Leading by example is the
most important trait of effective project managers. The job market for information technology project managers
continues to remain strong, especially for those with strong business and leadership skills.
6. Briefly describe some key events in the history of project management. What role does the Project Management
Institute and other professional societies play in helping the profession
Some people say that building the Egyptian pyramids or the Great Wall of China were projects, but modern project
management began with the Manhattan Project or development of the atomic bomb. That project took about three
years and cost almost $2 billion in 1946 and had a separate project manager and technical manager. Gantt charts
were first used in 1917, and network diagrams were used in 1958. PMI is the main professional society for project
managers, and they run the PMP certification program.
7. What functions can you perform with project management software? What are the main differences between
low-end, midrange, and high-end project management tools?

Project management software can assist in developing schedules, communicating information, tracking progress,
etc. Low-end tools are the least expensive, and several are available as apps. Midrange tools can usually create Gantt
charts, perform critical path analysis, etc. High-end tools often perform portfolio management and can be used
across a large organization.
8. Discuss ethical decision that project managers often face. Do you think a professional code of ethics makes it
easier to work in an ethical manner?
Answers will vary. Some examples might include working on projects that you personally do not believe in (such as
military projects, projects for different political parties, etc.), being asked to hire a friend or relative who is not as
qualified as someone else, being offered bribes, etc. It is still difficult to work in an ethical manner even with a
professional code of ethics.
EXERCISES
Answers to all of these exercises will vary. The main purpose of these exercises is to have students begin doing
some independent research to further explore the field of project management. You could have students discuss the
results of these exercises in class to enhance participation, assign some for homework, or do both.

CHAPTER 2
The Project Management and Information Technology Context
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
1. What does it mean to take a systems view of a project? How does taking a systems view of a project apply to
project management?
Taking a systems view means looking at the big picture of how a particular project fits into the rest of the
organization. It is important for project managers to understand the broader organizational environment to ensure
their projects meet organizational needs.
2. Explain the four frames of organizations. How can they help project managers understand the organizational
context for their projects?
The four frames of organizations are summarized below:
• Structural: deal with how the organization is structures and focus on roles and responsibilities. It’s
important to understand these roles and responsibilities when dealing with project stakeholders, especially
in procuring resources.
• Human resources: focuses on meeting the needs of the organization and its people. Project managers must
understand various human resources policies and procedures.
• Political: addresses organizational and personal politics. Many project managers fail because they do not
understand the political environment.
• Symbolic: focuses on symbols and meanings. It’s important to understand an organization’s culture, dress
code, work ethic, and so on in managing projects.
3. Briefly explain the differences between functional, matrix, and project organizations. Describe how each
structure affects the management of the project.
Functional organizations have managers or vice presidents in specialties such as engineering, manufacturing,
information technology, and so on. Their staffs have specialized skills in their respective disciplines. Project
organizations have project managers instead of functional managers reporting to the CEO. Matrix organizations
represent the middle ground between functional and project structures. Personnel often report to both a functional
manager and one or more project managers. Project managers have the most authority in project organizational
structures followed by matrix, and then functional.
4. Describe how organizational culture is related to project management. What type of culture promotes a strong
project environment?
Organizational culture is a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an
organization. This culture can definitely impact project management. For example, if an organization values project
management and follows the guidelines for applying it, it will be much easier to practice good project management.
Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where employees identify more with the organization,
where work activities emphasize groups, and where there is strong unit integration, high risk tolerance,
performance-based rewards, high conflict tolerance, an open-systems focus, and a balanced focus on people, control,
and means-orientation.
5. Discuss the importance of top management commitment and the development of standards for successful
project management. Provide examples to illustrate the importance of these items based on your experience on
any type of project.
Top management commitment is the number one factor associated with the success of information technology
projects, so it’s very important to get and maintain this support. Top management can help project managers get
adequate resources, approve unique project needs, get cooperation from other parts of the organization, and provide
support as a mentor and coach to project managers. Examples will vary.
6. What are the phases in a traditional project life cycle? How does a project life cycle differ from a product life
cycle? Why does a project manager need to understand both?
A traditional project life cycle is a collection of project phases⎯concept, development, implementation, and close-
out. These phases do not vary by project. Product life cycles vary tremendously based on the nature of the project.
For example, the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC) could follow the waterfall model, spiral model,
incremental release model, prototyping model, or RAD model. Using the general phases of the SDLC (information

systems planning, analysis, design, implementation, and support) there could be a project to develop a strategic
information systems plan; another project to complete a systems analysis for a new system; another project to create
a detailed database design; another to install new hardware or software; and another to provide new user training.
7. What makes IT projects different from other types of projects? How should project managers adjust to these
differences?
IT projects are different from other types of projects because they can be very diverse in terms of size and
complexity, they often include team members with very diverse backgrounds and skills, and he technologies
involved are also very diverse. Project managers should adjust to these differences by paying careful attention to the
goals of the project and the needs of various stakeholders.
8. Define globalization, outsourcing, virtual teams, and agile project management, and describe how these trends
are changing IT project management.
Globalization has created a “flat” world where everyone is connected and the “playing field” is level for many more
participants. Outsourcing is when an organization acquires goods and/or sources from an outside source. Agile
project management is a method for managing projects when requirements are unclear or change quickly. Virtual
teams occur when a group of individuals who work across time and space using communication technologies. Each
of these trends has affected the way in which project work is done and how projects need to be managed. It is very
rare for a project team to sit in the same work area and work at the same time. Management and coordination is
much more complicated.
EXERCISES
Answers to all of these exercises will vary.

Other documents randomly have
different content

Solution Manual for Information Technology Project Management, 8th Edition

The Project Gutenberg eBook of Fifty Years
Ago

This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United
States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you
are not located in the United States, you will have to check the
laws of the country where you are located before using this
eBook.
Title: Fifty Years Ago
Author: Walter Besant
Release date: March 6, 2019 [eBook #59020]
Language: English
Credits: Produced by Chris Curnow, Charlie Howard, and the
Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net
(This
file was produced from images generously made
available
by The Internet Archive)
*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK FIFTY YEARS
AGO ***

THE PRINCESS VICTORIA IN 1830
(From the Picture by Richard Westall, R.A., at Windsor Castle.)

FIFTY YEARS AGO
BY
WALTER BESANT
AUTHOR OF ‘ALL SORTS AND CONDITIONS OF MEN’ ETC.
PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED
NEW YORK
HARPER & BROTHERS, FRANKLIN SQUARE

By WALTER BESANT.
ALL IN A GARDEN FAIR. 4to, Paper, 20 cents.
DOROTHY FORSTER. 4to, Paper, 20 cents.
FIFTY YEARS AGO. 8vo, Cloth. (Just Published.)
HERR PAULUS. 8vo, Paper, 35 cents.
KATHERINE REGINA. 4to, Paper, 15 cents.
LIFE OF COLIGNY. 32mo, Paper, 25 cents.
SELF OR BEARER. 4to, Paper, 15 cts.
THE WORLD WENT VERY WELL THEN. Illustrated. 4to,
Paper, 25 cents.
THE CHILDREN OF GIBEON. 4to, Paper, 20 cents.
THE HOLY ROSE. 4to, Paper, 20 cents.
TO CALL HER MINE. Illustrated. 4to, Paper, 20 cents.
UNCLE JACK AND OTHER STORIES. 12mo, Paper, 25 cents.
By WALTER BESANT AND JAMES RICE.
ALL SORTS AND CONDITIONS OF MEN. 4to, Paper, 20
cents.
BY CELIA’S ARBOR. Illustrated. 8vo, Paper, 50 cents.
SHEPHERDS ALL AND MAIDENS FAIR. 32mo, Paper, 25
cents.

“SO THEY WERE MARRIED.” Illustrated. 4to, Paper, 20
cents.
SWEET NELLY, MY HEART’S DELIGHT. 4to, Paper, 10 cents.
THE CHAPLAIN OF THE FLEET. 4to, Paper, 20 cents.
THE CAPTAIN’S ROOM. 4to, Paper, 10 cents.
THE GOLDEN BUTTERFLY. 8vo, Paper, 40 cents.
’TWAS IN TRAFALGAR’S BAY. 32mo, Paper, 20 cents.
WHEN THE SHIP COMES HOME. 32mo, Paper, 25 cents.
Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
☛ Any of the above works will be sent by mail, postage prepaid,
to any part of the United States or Canada, on receipt of the
price.

PREFACE.
It has been my desire in the following pages to present a picture of
society in this country as it was when the Queen ascended the
throne. The book is an enlargement of a paper originally contributed
to ‘The Graphic.’ I have written several additional chapters, and have
revised all the rest. The chapter on Law and Justice has been written
for this volume by my friend Mr. W. Morris Colles, of the Inner
Temple. I beg to record my best thanks to that gentleman for his
important contribution.
I have not seen in any of the literature called forth by the happy
event of last year any books or papers which cover the exact ground
of this compilation. There are histories of progress and
advancement; there are contrasts; but there has not been offered
anywhere, to my knowledge, a picture of life, manners, and society
as they were fifty years ago.
When the editor of ‘The Graphic’ proposed that I should write a
paper on this subject, I readily consented, thinking it would be a
light and easy task, and one which could be accomplished in two or
three weeks. Light and easy it certainly was in a sense, because it
was very pleasant work, and the books to be consulted are easily
accessible; but then there are so many: the investigation of a single
point sometimes carried one through half-a-dozen volumes. The two
or three weeks became two or three months.
At the very outset of the work I was startled to find how great a
revolution has taken place in our opinions and ways of thinking, how
much greater than is at first understood. For instance, America was,
fifty years ago, practically unknown to the bulk of our people;

American ideas had little or no influence upon us; our people had no
touch with the United States; if they spoke of a Republic, they still
meant the first French Republic, the only Republic they knew, with
death to kings and tyrants; while the recollection of the guillotine
still preserved cautious and orderly people from Republican ideas.
Who now, however, connects a Republic with a Reign of Terror
and the guillotine? The American Republic, in fact, has taken the
place of the French. Again, though the Reform Bill had been, in
1837, passed already five years, its effects were as yet only
beginning to be felt; we were still, politically, in the eighteenth
century. So in the Church, in the Law, in the Services, in Society, we
were governed by the ideas of the eighteenth century.
The nineteenth century actually began with steam
communication by sea; with steam machinery; with railways; with
telegraphs; with the development of the colonies; with the
admission of the people to the government of the country; with the
opening of the Universities; with the spread of science; with the
revival of the democratic spirit. It did not really begin, in fact, till
about fifty years ago. When and how will it end? By what order, by
what ideas, will it be followed?
In compiling even such a modest work as the present, one is
constantly attended by a haunting dread of having forgotten
something necessary to complete the picture. I have been adding
little things ever since I began to put these scenes together. At this,
the very last moment, the Spirit of Memory whispers in my ear, ‘Did
you remember to speak of the high fireplaces, the open chimneys—
up which half the heat mounted—the broad hobs, and the high
fenders, with the fronts pierced, in front of which people’s feet were
always cold? Did you remember to note that the pin of the period
had its head composed of a separate piece of wire rolled round; that
steel pens were either as yet unknown, or were precious and costly
things; that the quill was always wanting a fresh nib; that the wax-
match did not exist; that in the country they still used the old-
fashioned brimstone match; that the night-light of the period was a

rush candle stuck in a round tin cylinder full of holes; and that all the
ladies’ dress had hooks and eyes behind?’
I do not think that I have mentioned any of these points; and
yet, how much food for reflection is afforded by every one! Reader,
you may perhaps find my pictures imperfect, but you can fill in any
one sketch from your own superior knowledge. Meantime, remember
this. As nearly as possible, fifty years ago, the eighteenth century
passed away. It died slowly; its end was hardly marked.
King William the Fourth is dead. Alas! how many things were
dying with that good old king! The steam-whistle was already heard
across the fields: already in mid-ocean the great steamers were
crossing against wind and tide: already the nations were slowly
beginning to know each other: Privilege, Patronage, and the Power
of Rank were beginning already to tremble, and were afraid: already
the working man was heard demanding his vote: the nineteenth
century had begun. We who have lived in it; we who are full of its
ideas; we who are all swept along upon the full stream of it—we
know not, we cannot see, whither it is carrying us.
W. B.

CONTENTS.
CHAPTER PAGE
I. Great Britain, Ireland, and the Colonies 1
II. The Year 1837 18
III. London in 1837 30
IV. In the Street 45
V. With the People 67
VI. With the Middle-Class 85
VII. In Society 110
VIII. At the Play and the Show 125
IX. In the House 137
X. At School and University 154
XI. The Tavern 160
XII. In Club- and Card-land 175
XIII. With the Wits 183
XIV. Journals and Journalists 209
XV. The Sportsman 214
XVI. In Factory and Mine 224
XVII. With the Men of Science 233
XVIII. Law and Justice 237

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
PLATES.
The Princess Victoria in 1830. From the Picture
by Richard Westall, R.A., at Windsor Castle Frontispiece
Windsor Castle Vignette
PAGE
Queen Victoria in 1839. From a Drawing by R. J.
Lane, A.R.A. 1
Thomas Carlyle. From the Fraser Gallery 16
The Queen’s First Council—Kensington Palace,
June 20, 1837. From the Picture by Sir
David Wilkie, R.A., at Windsor Castle 18
A Show of Twelfth-Cakes. From Cruikshank’s
‘Comic Almanack’ 20
Greenwich Park. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 22
The Chimney-Sweeps’ Annual Holiday. From
Cruikshank’s ‘Comic Almanack’ 24
Beating the Bounds. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 26
Bartholomew Fair. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 28

Vauxhall Gardens. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 30
In Fleet Street. Proclaiming the Queen. From
Cruikshank’s ‘Comic Almanack’ 56
Leigh Hunt. From the Fraser Gallery 64
John Galt. From the Fraser Gallery 86
The Queen receiving the Sacrament after her
Coronation. Westminster Abbey, June 28,
1838. From the Picture by C. R. Leslie,
R.A., at Windsor Castle 94
Theodore Hook. From the Fraser Gallery 100
The Countess of Blessington. From the Fraser
Gallery 110
Count d’Orsay. From the Fraser Gallery 112
Sydney Smith. From the Fraser Gallery 116
John Baldwin Buckstone. From the Fraser Gallery 126
Thomas Noon Talfourd. From the Fraser Gallery 128
Mary Russell Mitford. From the Fraser Gallery 130
Sir Walter Scott. From the Fraser Gallery 132
Lord Lyndhurst. From the Fraser Gallery 138
William Cobbett. From the Fraser Gallery 140
Lord John Russell. From the Fraser Gallery 144
Edward Lytton Bulwer. From the Fraser Gallery 148
Benjamin D’Israeli. From the Fraser Gallery 150
Thomas Campbell. From the Fraser Gallery 176
Samuel Taylor Coleridge. From the Fraser 182

Gallery
William Wordsworth. From the Fraser Gallery 184
Rev. William Lisle Bowles. From the Fraser
Gallery 186
Pierre-Jean de Béranger. From the Fraser Gallery 188
James Hogg. From the Fraser Gallery 190
Regina’s Maids of Honour. From the Fraser
Gallery 192
Harriet Martineau. From the Fraser Gallery 194
William Harrison Ainsworth. From the Fraser
Gallery 196
The Fraserians. From the Fraser Gallery 198
John Gibson Lockhart. From the Fraser Gallery 200
Samuel Rogers. From the Fraser Gallery 202
Thomas Moore. From the Fraser Gallery 204
Lord Brougham and Vaux. From the Fraser
Gallery 206
Washington Irving. From the Fraser Gallery 208
John Wilson Croker. From the Fraser Gallery 210
Cockney Sportsmen. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 218
Return from the Races. From Cruikshank’s
‘Comic Almanack’ 220
Sir John C. Hobhouse. From the Fraser Gallery 226
A Point of Law. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 238

Michael Faraday. From the Fraser Gallery 258
WOODCUTS IN THE TEXT.
Arrival of the Coronation Number of ‘The Sun’ 2
Lifeguard, 1837 4
General Postman 6
Napoleon at Longwood. From a Drawing made in
1820 12
London Street Characters, 1837. From a
Drawing by John Leech 14
5 Great Cheyne Row. The House in which Carlyle
lived from 1834 to his Death in 1881 16
The Duchess of Kent, with the Princess Victoria at
the Age of Two. From the Picture by Sir W.
Beechey, R.A., at Windsor Castle 17
William IV. From a Drawing by HB. 18
Peeler 20
The Spaniards Tavern, Hampstead 22
Sir Robert Peel 24
A Parish Beadle. From a Drawing by George
Cruikshank in ‘London Characters’ 26
Evening in Smithfield. From a Drawing made in
1858, at the Gateway leading into Cloth
Fair, the Place of Proclamation of
Bartholomew Fair 28
Fireman 31

Hackney Coachman. From a Drawing by George
The First London Exchange 34
The Second London Exchange 35
The Present Royal Exchange—Third London
Exchange 35
Charing Cross in the Present Day. From a
Drawing by Frank Murray 37
Temple Bar 38
The Royal Courts of Justice 39
Lyons Inn in 1804. From an Engraving in
Herbert’s ‘History of the Inns of Court’ 41
Kennington Gate—Derby Day 42
The Old Roman Bath in the Strand 43
The King’s Mews in 1750. From a Print by I.
Maurer 47
Barrack and Old Houses on the Site of Trafalgar
Square. From a Drawing made by F. W.
Fairholt in 1826 48
The Last Cabriolet-Driver. From a Drawing by
George Cruikshank in ‘Sketches by Boz’ 49
A Greenwich Pensioner. From a Drawing by
George Cruikshank in ‘London Characters’ 52
An Omnibus Upset. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 53
Exeter Change 54

The Parish Engine. From a Drawing by George
Cruikshank in ‘Sketches by Boz’ 56
Crockford’s Fish Shop. From a Drawing by F. W.
Fairholt 57
Thomas Chatterton 60
Third Regiment of Buffs 63
Douglas Jerrold. From the Bust by E. H. Bailey,
R.A. 64
John Forster. From a Photograph by Elliott &
Fry 65
Charles Dickens 66
The Darby Day. From Cruikshank’s ‘Comic
Almanack’ 76
Newgate—Entrance in the Old Bailey 77
In the Queen’s Bench 79
George Eliot. From a Drawing in ‘The Graphic’ 86
La Pastourelle 89
Fashions for August 1836 98
Fashions for March 1837 98
Watchman. From a Drawing by George
A Scene on Blackheath. From a Drawing by ‘Phiz’
in Grant’s ‘Sketches in London’ 105
Maid-Servant. From a Drawing by George
Officer of the Dragoon Guards 111

A Sketch in the Park—The Duke of Wellington and
Mrs. Arbuthnot 115
Linkman 117
William Makepeace Thackeray 123
Liston as ‘Paul Pry.’ From a Drawing by George
Cruikshank 128
Charles Reade 130
T. P. Cooke in ‘Black-eyed Susan’ 132
Vauxhall Gardens 133
The ‘New’ Houses of Parliament, from the River 138
Lord Melbourne 140
Thomas Babington Macaulay 141
Lord Palmerston 142
Burdett, Hume, and O’Connell. From a Drawing
by HB. 143
Daniel O’Connell 146
O’Connell taking the Oaths in the House. From a
Drawing by ‘Phiz’ in ‘Sketches in London’ 147
Edmund Kean as Richard the Third 161
Old Entrance to the Cock, Fleet Street 163
The Old Tabard Inn, High Street, Southwark 173
Sign of the Swan with Two Necks, Carter Lane 174
Sign of the Bolt-in-Tun, Fleet Street 174
Oxford and Cambridge Club, Pall Mall 176
United University Club, Pall Mall 177

Crockford’s, St. James’s Street 179
Charles Knight. From a Photograph by Hughes
& Mullins 184
Robert Southey 185
Thomas Moore 186
‘Vathek’ Beckford. From a Medallion 187
Walter Savage Landor. From a Photograph by H.
Watkins 188
Ralph Waldo Emerson 189
Lord Byron 190
Sir Walter Scott 191
A Fashionable Beauty of 1837. By A. E. Chalon,
R.A. 193
Lord Tennyson as a Young Man. From the Picture
by Sir T. Lawrence, R.A. 196
Matthew Arnold 200
Charles Darwin 201
Holland House 203
Letting Children down a Coal-Mine. From a Plate
in ‘The Westminster Review’ 225
Children Working in a Coal-Mine. From a Plate in
‘The Westminster Review’ 229
Marshalsea—The Courtyard. From a Drawing by
C. A. Vanderhoof 239

QUEEN VICTORIA IN 1839.
(From a Drawing by R. J. Lane, A.R.A.)

CHAPTER I.
GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND, AND THE
COLONIES.
I propose to set before my readers a picture of the country as it was
when Queen Victoria (God save the Queen!) ascended the throne,
now fifty years ago and more. It will be a picture of a time so utterly
passed away and vanished that a young man can hardly understand
it. I, who am no longer, unhappily, quite so young as some, and
whose babyhood heard the cannon of the Coronation, can partly
understand this time, because in many respects, and especially in
the manners of the middle class, customs and habits which went out
of fashion in London lingered in the country towns, and formed part
of my own early experiences.

ARRIVAL OF THE CORONATION NUMBER OF ‘THE SUN’—ONE PAPER,
AND ONE MAN WHO CAN READ IT IN THE TOWN
In the year 1837—I shall repeat this remark several times,
because I wish to impress the fact upon everybody—we were still, to
all intents and purposes, in the eighteenth century. As yet the
country was untouched by that American influence which is now
filling all peoples with new ideas. Rank was still held in the ancient
reverence; religion was still that of the eighteenth-century Church;
the rights of labour were not yet recognised; there were no trades’
unions; there were no railways to speak of; nobody travelled except
the rich; their own country was unknown to the people; the majority
of country people could not read or write; the good old discipline of
Father Stick and his children, Cat-o’-Nine-Tails, Rope’s-end, Strap,
Birch, Ferule, and Cane, was wholesomely maintained; landlords,
manufacturers, and employers of all kinds did what they pleased
with their own; and the Blue Ribbon was unheard of. There were still
some fiery spirits in whose breasts lingered the ideas of the French
Revolution, and the Chartists were already beginning to run their
course. Beneath the surface there was discontent, which sometimes
bubbled up. But freedom of speech was limited, and if the Sovereign
People had then ventured to hold a meeting in Trafalgar Square, that

meeting would have been dispersed in a very swift and surprising
manner. The Reform Act had been passed, it is true, but as yet had
produced little effect. Elections were carried by open bribery; the
Civil Service was full of great men’s nominees; the Church was
devoured by pluralists; there were no competitive examinations; the
perpetual pensions were many and fat; and for the younger sons
and their progeny the State was provided with any number of
sinecures. How men contrived to live and to be cheerful in this state
of things one knows not. But really, I think it made very little
apparent difference to their happiness that this country was
crammed full of abuses, and that the Ship of State, to outsiders,
seemed as if she were about to capsize and founder.
This is to be a short chapter of figures. Figures mean very little
unless they can be used for purposes of comparison. When, for
instance, one reads that in the Census of 1831 the population of
Great Britain was 16,539,318, the fact has little significance except
when compared with the Census of 1881, which shows that the
population of the country had increased in fifty years from sixteen
millions to twenty-four millions. And, again, one knows not whether
to rejoice or to weep over this fact until it has been ascertained how
the condition of these millions has changed for better or for worse,
and whether the outlook for the future, if, in the next fifty years,
twenty-four become thirty-six, is hopeful or no. Next, when one
reads that the population of Ireland was then seven millions and
three-quarters, and is now less than five millions, and, further, that
one Irishman in three was always next door to starving, and that the
relative importance of Ireland to Great Britain was then as one to
two, and is now as one to five, one naturally congratulates Ireland
on getting more elbow-room and Great Britain on the relative
decrease in Irish power to do the larger island an injury.
The Army and Navy together in 1831 contained no more than
277,017 men, or half their present number. But then the proportion
of the English military strength to the French was much nearer one
of equality. The relief of the poor in 1831 absorbed 6,875,552l., but
this sum in 1844 had dropped to 4,976,090l., the saving of two

LIFEGUARD, 1837
millions being due to the new Poor Law. The
stream of emigration had hardly yet begun to
flow. Witness the following figures:
The number of emigrants in1820 was 18,984
” ” 1825 8,860
” ” 1832 103,311
” ” 1837 72,034
It was not until 1841 that the great flow of
emigrants began in the direction of New Zealand
and Australia. The emigrants of 1832 chiefly went
to Canada, and as yet the United States were
practically unaffected by the rush from the old countries.
The population of the great towns has for the most part doubled
itself in the last fifty years. London had then a million and a half;
Liverpool, 200,000; Manchester, 250,000; Glasgow, 250,000;
Birmingham, 150,000; Leeds, 140,000; and Bristol, 120,000.
Penal settlements were still flourishing. Between 1825 and 1840,
when they were suppressed, 48,712 convicts were sent out to
Sydney. As regards travelling, the fastest rate along the high roads
was ten miles an hour. There were 54 four-horse mail coaches in
England, and 49 two-horse mails. In Ireland there were 30 four-
horse coaches, and 10 in Scotland. There were 3,026 stage coaches
in the country, of which 1,507 started from London.
There were already 668 British steamers afloat, though the
penny steamboat did not as yet ply upon the river. Heavy goods
travelled by the canals and navigable rivers, of which there were
4,000 in Great Britain; the hackney coach, with its pair of horses,
lumbered slowly along the street; the cabriolet was the light vehicle
for rapid conveyance, but it was not popular; the omnibus had only
recently been introduced by Mr. Shillibeer; and there were no
hansom cabs. There was a Twopenny Post in London, but no Penny
Post as yet. There was no Book Post, no Parcel Post, no London

GENERAL POSTMAN
Parcels Delivery Company. If you wanted to send a parcel to
anywhere in the country, you confided it to the guard of the coach;
if to a town address, there were street messengers and the ‘cads’
about the stage-coach stations; there were no telegraphs, no
telephones, no commissionaires.
Fifty years ago the great railways were
all begun, but not one of them was
completed. A map published in the
Athenæum of January 23, 1836, shows the
state of the railways at that date. The line
between Liverpool and Manchester was
opened in September, 1830. In 1836 it was
carrying 450,000 passengers in the year, and
paying a dividend of 9 per cent. The line
between Carlisle and Newcastle was very
nearly completed; that between Leeds and
Selby was opened in 1834; there were many
short lines in the coal and mining districts, and little bits of the great
lines were already completed. The London and Greenwich line was
begun in 1834 and opened in 1837. There were in progress the
London and Birmingham, the Birmingham, Stafford, and Warrington,
the Great Western as far as Bath and Bristol, and the London and
Southampton passing through Basingstoke. It is amazing to think
that Portsmouth, the chief naval port and place of embarkation for
troops, was left out altogether. There were also a great many lines
projected, which afterwards settled down into the present great
Trunk lines. As they were projected in 1836, instead of Great
Northern, North-Western, and Great Eastern, we should have had
one line passing through Saffron Walden, Cambridge, Peterborough,
Lincoln, York, Appleby, and Carlisle, with another from London to
Colchester, Ipswich, Norwich, and Yarmouth; there was also a
projected continuation of the G.W.R. line from Bristol to Exeter, and
three or four projected lines to Brighton and Dover. The writer of the
article on the subject in the Athenæum of that date (January 23,
1836) considers that when these lines are completed, letters and

passengers will be conveyed from London to Liverpool in ten hours.
‘Little attention,’ he says, ‘has yet been given to calculate the effects
which must result from the establishment throughout the kingdom of
great lines of intercourse traversed at a speed of twenty miles an
hour.’ Unfortunately he had no confidence in himself as a prophet, or
we might have had some curious and interesting forecasts.
As regards the extent of the British Empire, there has been a
very little contraction and an enormous extension. We have given up
the Ionian Islands to gratify the sentiment of Mr. Gladstone, and we
have acquired Cyprus, which may perhaps prove of use. We have
taken possession of Aden, at the mouth of the Red Sea. In
Hindostan, which in 1837 was still partially ruled by a number of
native princes, the flag of Great Britain now reigns supreme; the
whole of Burma is now British Burma; the little island of Hong Kong,
which hardly appears in Arrowsmith’s Atlas of 1840, is now a
stronghold of the British Empire. Borneo, then wholly unknown, now
belongs partially to us; New Guinea is partly ours; Fiji is ours. For
the greatest change of all, however, we must look at the maps of
Australia and New Zealand. In the former even the coast had not
been completely surveyed; Melbourne was as yet but a little
unimportant township. Between Melbourne and Botany Bay there
was not a single village, settlement, or plantation. It was not until
the year 1851, only thirty-six years ago, that Port Phillip was
separated from New South Wales, and created an independent
colony under the name of Victoria; and for a few years it was a very
rowdy and noisy colony indeed.
In New South Wales, the population of which was about
150,000, convicts were still sent out. In the year 1840, when the
transportation ceased, 21,000 convicts were assigned to private
service. There were in Sydney many men, ex-convicts, who had
raised themselves to wealth; society was divided by a hard line, not
to be crossed in that generation by those on the one side whose
antecedents were honourable and those on the other who had
‘served their time.’ Tasmania was also still a penal colony, and,

apparently, a place where the convicts did not do so well as in New
South Wales.
Queensland as a separate colony was not yet in existence,
though Brisbane had been begun; tropical Australia was wholly
unsettled; Western Australia was, what it still is, a poor and thinly
settled country.
The map of New Zealand—it was not important enough to have
a map all to itself—shows the coast-line imperfectly surveyed, and
not a single town or English settlement upon it! Fifty years ago that
great colony was not yet even founded. The first serious settlement
was made in 1839, when a patch of land at Port Nicholson, in Cook
Strait, was bought from the natives for the first party of settlers sent
out by the recently established New Zealand Company.
In North America the whole of the North-West Territory,
including Manitoba, Muskoka, British Columbia, and Vancouver’s
Island, was left to Indians, trappers, buffaloes, bears, and
rattlesnakes. South Africa shows the Cape Colony and nothing else.
Natal, Orange Free State, the Transvaal, Bechuanaland, Griqualand,
Zululand are all part of the great undiscovered continent.
Considering that all these lands have now been opened up and
settled, so that where was formerly a hundred square miles of forest
and prairie there is now the same area covered with plantations,
towns, and farms, it will be understood that the British Empire has
been increased not only in area, but in wealth, strength, and
resources to an extent which would have been considered incredible
fifty years ago. It is, in fact, just the difference between owning a
barren heath and owning a cultivated farm. The British Empire in
1837 contained millions of square miles of barren heath and wild
forest, which are now settled land and smiling plantations. It
boasted of vast countries, with hardly a single European in them,
which are now filled with English towns. In 1837, prophets foretold
the speedy downfall of an Empire which could no longer defend her
vast territories. These territories can now defend themselves. It may
be that we shall have to fight for empire, but the longer the day of

Solution Manual for Information Technology Project Management, 8th Edition

More Related Content

Similar to Solution Manual for Information Technology Project Management, 8th Edition (20)

Recently uploaded (20)

Solution Manual for Information Technology Project Management, 8th Edition