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Chapter 01 - Introduction to Operations Management
1-1
Copyright © 2021 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill.
Solution Manual for Operations
Management 14th Edition William J
Stevenson
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operations-management-14th-edition-william-j-stevenson/
CHAPTER 01
INTRODUCTION TO OPERATIONS MANAGEMENT
Teaching Notes
Many students come to this course with negative feelings, perhaps because they have heard that the
course includes a certain amount of quantitative material (which many feel uncomfortable with), or
perhaps because the course strikes them as “how to run a factory.” Others seem to have very little idea
about what operations management is. I view the initial meeting with my classes, and this first chapter, as
opportunities to dispel some of these notions, and to generate enthusiasm for the course.
Highlights of the chapter include the following:
1. Operations as one of the three main functional concerns of most organizations.
2. The role and job of the operations manager as a planner and decision-maker.
3. Different ways of classifying (and understanding) production systems.
4. System design versus system operation.
5. Major characteristics of production systems.
6. Contemporary issues in operations management.
7. Operations as essentially managerial (planning, staffing, etc.)
8. The historical evolution of production/operations management.
9. Manufacturing operations versus service operations.
10. The need to manage the supply chain.
Reading: Why Manufacturing Matters

1-2
1. Given that the U.S. economy is becoming more service based, the percentage of employment in
manufacturing is declining while the percentage of employment in the service industry is
increasing. In addition, the loss of manufacturing jobs results in the loss of service jobs as well (a
general estimate is that four service jobs are lost for each manufacturing job lost).
2. The government could offer companies tax incentives for purchasing new equipment or for hiring
workers. In addition, the government could work with manufacturing companies to re-train
workers in more advanced manufacturing processes.
3. Manufacturing innovation is important because it requires high value-added knowledge work that
supports future innovation. Second, innovation generates high-paying jobs. Third, innovation is
important because it improves productivity, thereby slowing the outsourcing of jobs to lower
wage countries.
Reading: Agility Creates a Competitive Edge
The first solution could be for U.S. retailers to continue sourcing from China that part of demand that is
certain and to source uncertain demand from the same low-cost producers in Romania and Turkey.

1-3
This approach provides the advantages of low-cost manufacturing in China and the flexibility provided by
the suppliers in Romania and Turkey. The disadvantage of this approach is that transportation times for
U.S. retailers still will be longer than the transportation times faced by Zara’s and H & M.
A second approach could be that U.S retailers find low-cost, flexible suppliers just across the border in
Mexico. The advantages of this approach include low wages and shorter transportation times. The primary
disadvantages to this approach involve the time and expense of locating new suppliers. Additionally, the
U.S. retailers might have to lend considerable support developing the capabilities of these suppliers.
Reading: Sustainable Kisses
1. Hershey’s and other companies engage in sustainable business practices because consumers
prefer to do business with companies that practice sustainable sourcing and ethical treatment of
workers. Many of the leaders in these businesses hold the same values. By educating farmers,
Hershey’s can also help to increase the longevity and yield of cocoa plants.
2. Hershey’s actions may influence retailers and customers in its supply chain to become better-
educated about sourcing, which may influence competitors to adopt similarly sustainable business
practices.
Operations Tour: Wegmans Food Markets
1. Customers judge the quality of a supermarket based on:
a. Quality of individual products.
b. Exterior and interior physical look of the store.
c. Effectiveness and efficiency of service personnel.
2. a. Customer satisfaction is the major key to the success of any operation; without it, the
company cannot survive.
b. Forecasting allows the company to plan the workforce levels, purchase quantities, inventory
levels, and capacity.
c. Capacity planning allows the company to balance the trade-off between shortages and excess
inventories and between waiting lines and idle time.
d. A good location can have a significant impact in attracting customers, thus improving sales.
e. Planning and controlling levels of inventory will assist with avoiding stockouts and avoiding
excess inventory levels.
f. Good layout of the store can assist in maximizing customer service and sales by strategically
directing customers through the store. An effective layout can also improve the efficiency of
the operations.
g. Effective scheduling of company workers and work hours can improve both customer service
and efficiency. An effective schedule provides convenient store hours, minimal customer
waiting lines, and minimal employee idle time.
3. Wegmans uses technology to track inventory and manage its supply chain, which lessen the risk
of occurrences of out-of-stock events, and to maintain freshness in its meat and produce
departments.

1-4
Answers to Discussion and Review Questions
1. The term operations management relates to the management of systems or processes that create
goods and/or provide services. These processes involve the planning, coordination, and execution
of all activities within an organization that create goods and services. A supply chain is the
sequence of organizations, including their facilities, functions, and activities, that are involved in
producing and delivering a product or service. This sequence begins with basic suppliers of raw
materials and ends with the final customer. A supply chain includes activities and facilities
external to the internal operations function, e.g., sourcing and transportation of inbound materials.
2. The three primary functions are operations, finance, and marketing. Operations is concerned with
the creation of goods and services, finance is concerned with provision of funds necessary for
operation, and marketing is concerned with promoting and/or selling goods or services.
3. The operations function consists of all activities that are related directly to producing goods or
providing services. It is the core of most business organizations because it is responsible for the
creation of an organization’s goods or services. Its essence is to add value during the
transformation process (the difference between the cost of inputs and value and price of outputs).
4. Among the important differences between manufacturing and service operations are:
a. The nature and consumption of output.
b. Uniformity of input.
c. Labor content of jobs.
d. Uniformity of output.
e. Measurement of productivity.
Among the important similarities between manufacturing and service operations are:
a. Forecasting and capacity planning to match supply and demand.
b. Process Management
c. Managing variations
d. Monitoring and controlling costs and productivity
e. Managing the supply chain
f. Location planning, inventory management, quality control and scheduling
5. a. The Industrial Revolution began in the 1770s in England, and spread to the rest of Europe and
to the U.S. in the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century. A number of
inventions such as the steam engine, the spinning Jenny, and the power loom helped to bring
about this change. There were also ample supplies of coal and iron ore to provide the
necessary materials for generating the power to operate and build the machines that were
much stronger and more durable than the simple wooden ones they replaced.

1-5
b. Frederick W. Taylor, who is often referred to as the father of scientific management,
spearheaded the scientific management movement. The science of management was based on
observation, measurement, analysis, improvement of work methods, and economic
incentives. Management should be responsible for planning, carefully selecting and training
workers, finding the best way to perform each job, achieving cooperation between
management and workers, and separating management activities from work activities.
c. Parts of a product made to such precision that each part would fit any of the identical items
bring produced. It meant that individual parts would not have to be custom made because
they were standardized.
d. Breaking up a production process into a series of tasks, each performed by a different worker.
It enabled workers to learn jobs and become proficient at them more quickly, avoiding the
delays of workers shifting from one activity to another.
6. a. The service sector now accounts for more than 70 percent of jobs in the U.S. and that figure
continues to increase.
b. Manufacturing is important in that it supplies a large proportion of exports and many service
jobs are dependent on manufacturing because they support manufacturing.
c. Farm products are an example of non-manufacturing goods because there is no production
and the products naturally grow without human intervention.
7. Models provide an abstraction and simplification of reality. Mathematical models are the most
abstract and most used in operations management. These models are used to assist in various
decision-making scenarios. One of the main reasons for building mathematical models is that the
experimentation with the model enables the decision-maker to analyze the model and make
inferences about a problem without actually manipulating the real situation or problem.
Therefore, the experimentation with the mathematical model rather than the actual problem or
situation is less time consuming and less expensive.
8. The degree of customization has important implications throughout a business organization.
Generally, higher degrees of customization involve more complexity in terms of production or
service, involve different forms of layout (arrangement of the workplace), require higher worker
skills, and have lower productivity.
9. a. Initial cost, convenience, parking, taxes, time, repairs, upkeep, etc.
b. Cost, technology, productivity, convenience, software applicability, etc.
c. Initial cost, repairs, warranty, upkeep, monthly payments and interest, dependability,
insurance costs, etc.
d. Control of the situation, class participation, perception, image, etc.
e. This would depend on the nature of the product or service being offered as well as the type of
customer. Computer literate customers might seek a web site. If customers are strictly local,
newspaper advertising might be a reasonable choice, especially if potential customers were
not actively seeking out the business. In addition, if the business is seasonal, newspaper
advertising might be preferred.

1-6
10. Craft production: involves producing high variety of customized goods, low volume output with
skilled workers, and utilizing general-purpose equipment. The main advantage is the flexibility to
produce a wide variety of outputs providing many choices for the need of customers. The main
disadvantage is its inability to produce at low cost. Examples: tailoring, machine shop, print shop,
and landscaping.
Mass production: involves producing a few standardized goods at high volume of output with low
skilled workers utilizing specialized equipment. The main advantage is low cost, efficient
production. The main disadvantage is that it does not allow easy changes in volume of output,
product, or process design. Examples: automobiles, computers, mail sorting, appliances, paper,
soft drink bottling, etc.
Lean Production: involves producing more variety of goods than most production at moderate to
high volume of output. It requires high skilled workers, quality, employee involvement,
teamwork, and flatter organizational structure with fewer levels of management. It combines the
advantages of both mass production (high volume, low cost) and craft production (variety,
flexibility). Examples: similar to mass production.
11. Workers may not like to work in a lean production environment because there are fewer
opportunities for employee advancement, more worker stress due to higher levels of
responsibility and greater variability and expansion of job requirements.
12. a. Matching supply and demand is an important objective for every business organization.
Undersupply can result in dissatisfied customers, potential loss of business, and opportunity
costs. Oversupply can potentially result in additional cost to store the excess, the need to sell
the excess for a reduced cost, or the cost to dispose of the excess.
b. Managing a supply chain is important for several reasons, including matching supply and
demand, reducing transportation costs, achieving a competitive advantage, managing
inventories, and achieving supply chain visibility.
13. There are four basic sources of variation:
1. The variety of goods or services being offered: The greater the variety of goods and
services, the greater the variation in production or service requirements.
2. Structural variation in demand, such as trends and seasonal variations. These are generally
predictable. They are particularly important for capacity planning.
3. Random variation. This natural variability is present to some extent in all processes,
is present in demand for services and products, and generally cannot be influenced by
managers.
4. Assignable causes of variation: Variation caused by defective inputs, incorrect work
methods, out of adjustment equipment, and so on. This type of variation can be
reduced or eliminated by analysis and corrective action.
Variations can be disruptive to operations and supply chain processes, interfering with
optimal functioning. Variations result in additional cost, delays and shortages, poor quality, and
inefficient work systems. Poor quality and product shortages or service delays can lead to
dissatisfied customers and damage an organization’s reputation and image.

1-7
14. The reasons for doing unethical things vary from person to person and from one situation to
another. Some of the possible reasons are listed below:
a. The decision-maker cannot recognize his or her action as unethical because of a lack of
morals or understanding or lack of sensitivity towards a given issue.
b. Even though the decision-maker recognizes his or her behavior or action as unethical, he or
she justifies it based on self-rationalization that involves justice theory. For example, the
decision-maker may think that the consequences of his or her decision is not going to hurt
other people or organizations in the short run but the potential long term effects may be
devastating.
c. The decision-maker knows that his or her action is unquestionably unethical. However, the
type of ethical behavior required is not in the personal portfolio of the decision-maker and
ethics in general is not important to him or her.
d. The decision-maker does not think he or she will be caught.
e. The self-interest of the decision-maker outweighs the ethical considerations.
15. Value added is defined as the difference between the cost of inputs before the transformation
process and the value or the price of output after the transformation process. In a manufacturing
process as the inputs are transformed to outputs, value is added to products in a number of
different ways. The value adding can take many different forms. For example, value can be added
by changing the product structurally (physical change) or transporting a product (a product may
have more value if it is located somewhere other than where it currently is).
16. Outsourcing can result in lower costs, the ability to take advantage of others’ expertise, and allow
businesses to focus on their core business. Outsourcing generally results in layoffs and some loss
of control. In addition, outsourcing to companies in other nations may result in problems due to
cultural or language differences, and increased shipping times for products.
17. Sustainability refers to service and production processes that use resources in ways that do not
harm ecological systems that support both current and future human existence. Business
organizations are increasingly facing sustainability regulations as well as pressures from
environmental groups to act responsibly toward the environment. Some organizations are
capitalizing on their “green” efforts in their advertising.
Taking Stock
1. When we decide to take an action there are usually consequences of that action and advantages
and disadvantages of taking that action. In other words, before we make a decision, we must
weigh the pros and cons of that decision. Trade-offs involve weighing of pros and cons regarding
a particular decision. For example, if a decision-maker decides to increase the level of inventory,
he or she has to consider the trade-off between increased level of customer service and the
additional inventory carrying cost.
2. It is important for the various functional areas to collaborate because collaboration will lead to
improved communication among the departments (functions) that in turn will improve the
performance of the firm. Collaboration will reduce the chance of sub-optimization by a functional
area due to the possibility that a particular functional area does not have enough information
about the other areas and their constraints or decisions.

1-8
3. Product and service technology allows a company to develop new products faster. Process
technology enables a company to improve methods, procedures, and equipment used to produce
goods and to provide services. Information technology enables companies to process large
quantities of data quickly, to identify and track goods, to obtain point-of-sale data, and to
communicate documents electronically to suppliers and customers.
Critical Thinking Exercises
1. There are many implications due to the differences between delivery of services and production
of goods in manufacturing operations. For example, in a service firm, because the degree of
customer contact is high, we have to make sure that employees are better trained in customer
service than employees in a manufacturing industry. In a pure-service industry firm, we will build
a lot of slack in scheduling because of the uncertainty of input.
2. That would depend on whether supply was too large or too small. If there is over capacity, try to
increase demand through advertising and/or price reductions. If output (goods) can be stored, and
future demand is expected to be higher, store excess output for future demand. If supply is too
small, options might be to outsource, work overtime, or hire temporary workers. If there are few
or no competitors, increase prices.
3. Innovations might be product or service related, or process related. These typically
involve added cost and time for training and possibly new equipment or equipment changes, and
potential changes for the supply chain (e.g., new suppliers, new delivery requirements, etc.).
Process innovations can be disruptive to the workforce due to lower labor or machine time
requirements, which may result in job loss, retraining, and/or lower worker morale. New products
or services also probably will involve new advertising campaigns or other promotions, and the
need for consumer education. Consumers will have to adjust to new products or services, and
may have some difficulty if innovations entail increased complexity.
4. Managers should strive to find solutions in the best interests of all stakeholders. Technological
change such as automation, robotics, and AI may increase productivity and lead to lower
production costs. It may also replace human workers, which is a cost to the community and
workforce. Applying an ethical framework can help with ethical decision making.
5. a. Business people make unethical decisions for a variety of reasons including the following:
1. Pressure from superiors
2. Pressure for stakeholders
3. Not being informed
4. Keeping the company afloat
b. Their risks for unethical behavior including the following:
1. getting reprimanded
2. getting fired
3. losing reputation
Case: Hazel
1. a. Number of yards, number of mowers, number of workers, time to mow a given area, regular
maintenance, weather, length of growing season, time between necessary mowing.
b. Mowers, parts, fuel, lubricants, fertilizer, chemicals, tools, etc.
c. 1) Lawns, type of work, regular maintenance, workers.

1-9
2) Weather, illness, overloads, emergencies, breakdowns.
d. Very important. Repeat business would be greatly affected and new business depends on
word of mouth and reputation.
e. Oil change, blade sharpening, motor tune-up, mower and filter clean up, etc.
2. a. Timing: not too late but not too soon.
b. Coverage: does not leave streaks.
c. Length of grass: not too long but not too short depending on the weather and time of year.
d. Trimming and clean-up (details).
3. a. Responsibility, possibly security, fringe benefits, regularity of work hours, cannot pass the
buck to someone else, decision-making, etc.
b. Responsibility, financial investment, work load, hiring of more employees, possibility of
greater government regulation, personnel problems tend to increase and a general increase in
all administrative work.
c. Risk involved in starting a new type of business using new technology and making it
successful, learning curve involved in the area of e-commerce, additional workload, hiring of
more employees in the area of Web design, computer programmers, etc.
4. Hazel has two options:
(1) Hazel could leave grass clippings on customers’ lawns.
Advantages: Decreases her time per lawn. Grass clippings serve as a natural fertilizer. Hazel
will not have to raise her prices.
Disadvantages: Customers may not like the mess left behind. In addition, over time,
customers’ lawns may build up thatch and have to be de-thatched.
(2) Hazel could take grass clippings to a landfill in a nearby city.
Advantages: Customers’ lawns will not build up thatch. Customers will appreciate the
appearance of their lawns.
Disadvantages: Hazel will need to raise prices due to her increased driving time and fuel
expense.
5. Yes, since Hazel promised the part-time workers a bonus of $25 for good ideas and since this idea
appears to hold promise, Hazel should honor her promise and pay the student $25. However, in
the future she might want to make the bonus offer contingent on continuing employment at the
time of implementation of the idea because after becoming aware that the idea was successfully
implemented, the idea may become an attractive option for the competitor. In addition, she might
want to include a confidentiality clause or a statement in the employment contract of the workers
regarding not sharing proprietary information that may be useful to competition.
6. a. Weather, worker absences due to illness, vacations, extra requests from customers,
new customers, and lost customers.

1-10
b. At times she will have excess capacity while at other times she will have too little
regular capacity to handle the workload.
c. Revise schedules, work overtime if regular capacity is insufficient and/or hire
additional workers, if capacity exceeds demand layoff workers or find something else
productive for them to do such as maintenance of equipment, training, etc.
7. Use hand tools instead of power tools, and recycle grass clippings. Factors to take into account
include cost savings, quality, risk of injury, job completion times, training, reduction in pollution
(air and noise), and energy savings.

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crown imperial, by the great calling of your birth! By Christ’s dear
blood shed for you and all, by the sorrows of Our Lady—the swords
in her heart—the tears that she shed; by her swooning at the Cross
—I implore, I implore!—make not all these woes to be in vain. By
your young child I conjure you—by my own upon earth and the
other in my womb—by all calm and innocent things—oh, put it from
you: suffer all things—even death, even death!’
There was no response. She rose and stood over the bed. ‘We
have loved much, and had sweet commerce, you and I. Many have
had sweetness of you and left you: Beaton is gone, Fleming is
alienate. You drive me to go their way, you drive me from you. For if
you do this, go I must. Honour is above all—and yon man, by my
soul, is as foul as hell. Turn to me, my Mary, look at me once, and I
shall never leave you till I die.’
She did not stir nor utter a sound; she lay like a log. Mary Sempill,
with a sob that shook her to pieces, and a gesture of drowning
hands, went out of the room, and at midnight left the palace. Those
two, who had been lovers once and friends always, never met again
in this world.
What the Queen’s motives may have been I know not, whether of
desperate conviction that retreat was not possible, or of desperate
effort to entice the man to her even at this last hour: let them go.
[11] She held to her resolve next day; she faced the remnant of her
friends, all she had left; lastly, she faced the strong man himself, and
like a doll in his arms suffered his lying kisses upon her lips. And she
never reproached him, being paralysed by the knowledge of what he
would have done if she had. To see him throw up the head, expose
the hairy throat, to see him laugh! She could not bear that.
On this day, the eve of her wedding, she found out that her
courage had ebbed. Things frightened her now which before she
would have scoffed at. A May marriage—hers was to be that: and
they who feared ill-luck from such gave her fears. A Highland
woman became possessed in the street, and prophesied to a crowd
of people. She said that the Queen would be a famous wife, for she

would have five husbands, and in the time of the fifth would be
burned. ‘Name them, mother—name them!’ they cried; and the mad
creature peered about with her sly eyes. ‘I dinna see him here, but
the third is in this town, and the fourth likewise!’ ‘The fourth! Who is
he?’ ‘He’s a Hamilton, I ken that fine, and dwells by Arbroath. I
doubt his name will be Jock.’
Lord John! The Lord of Arbroath—why, yes, she had given him a
great horse. They rehearse this tale at dinner, and see Bothwell grow
red, and hear the Queen talk to herself: ‘Will they burn me? Yes,
yes, that is the punishment of light women. Poor souls, they burn for
ever!’
She carried the thought about with her all day, and at dusk was
much agitated when they lit the candles. About supper-time Father
Roche, asking to speak with her, was admitted. He told her that his
conscience would not permit him to be any longer in her service.
Bothwell had refused to be married with the mass: in Father Roche’s
eyes this would be no marriage at all. She was angry for a second in
her old royal way—her Tudor way; moved towards him swiftly as if
she would have quelled him with a forked word; but stopped mid-
road and let her hands unclench themselves. ‘Yes, yes, go your ways
—you will find a well-trodden road. Why should you stop? I need
you no more.’ He would have kissed her hands, but she put them
behind her and stood still till he had gone. Then to bed, without
prayers.
At ten o’clock of the morning she was married to him without
state, without religion. There was no banquet: the city acted as if
unaware of anything done; and after dinner she rode away with him
to Borthwick. Melvill, Des-Essars, Lethington went with her, Mary
Seton and Carwood. Bothwell had his own friends, the Ormistons
and others of mean degree.
With tears they put her to bed; but she had none. ‘I would that I
might die within the next hour,’ she said to Des-Essars; and he,
grown older and drier suddenly—‘By my soul, ma’am, it should be
within less time, to do you service.’

She shook her head. ‘No, you are wrong. He needs me not. You
will see.’ She sent him away to his misery, and remained alone in
hers.
It cannot be known when the Earl went up. He stayed on in the
parlour below, drinking with his friends so long as they remained
above-board, talking loudly, boasting of what he had done and of
what he should do yet. He took her back to Edinburgh within a few
days, moved thereto by the urgency of public affairs.
Those who had not seen her go, but now saw her return, did not
like her looks—so leaden-coloured, so listless and dejected, so thin
she seemed. The French Ambassador—Du Croc, an old friend and a
sage—waiting for audience, heard a quarrel in her cabinet, heard
Bothwell mock and gibe, depart with little ceremony; and then the
Queen in hysterics, calling for friends who had gone—for
Livingstone, for Fleming.
Carwood came in. ‘O madam, what do you lack?’
‘My courage, my courage.’
Carwood, with a scream—‘God’s sake, ma’am, put down that
knife!’
‘The knife is well enough,’ says she, ‘but the hand is numb. Feel
me, Carwood: I am dead in the hand.’
Du Croc heard Carwood grunt as she tussled. ‘Leave it—leave it—
give it me! But you shall. You are Queen, but my God to me. Leave
it, I say——’ The Queen began to whimper and coax for the knife—
called it her lover. Carwood flung open the window and threw it on
to the grass.
No doubt the worst was to be feared, no doubt Bothwell had
reason to be nervous. At the council-board, to which he ordered her
to come, he told her what was before her. The lords were in league,
clustered about the Prince: he was not ashamed to tell her in the
hearing of all that she was useless without the child. Dejected,

almost abject as she was become, she quailed—shrinking back, with
wide eyes upon him—at this monstrous insult, as if she herself had
been a child struck to the soul by something more brutish than your
whips. Lord Herries rose in his place—‘By the living God, my lord, I
cannot hear such talk——’ Bothwell was driven to extenuate. ‘My
meaning, madam, is that your Majesty can have no force in your
arm, nor can your loyal friends have any force, without the Prince
your son be with you. You know very well how your late consort
desired to have him; and no man can say he was not wise. Believe
me, madam—and these lords will bear me out—he is every whit as
necessary to your Majesty and me.’
Huntly, on the Queen’s left, leaned behind her chair and spoke in a
fierce whisper: ‘You forget, I think, that you speak to the Queen,
and of the Queen. The Prince hath nothing but through her.’
‘By God, Geordie,’ he said, whispering back, but heard
everywhere, ‘and what have I but through her? I tell you fairly we
have lost the main unless we can put up that cockerel.’
The Queen tried to justify herself to her tyrant. ‘You know that I
have tried—you know that my brother worked against me——’
‘And he was wise. But now he is from home; we must try again.’
She let her head sink. ‘I am weary—I am weary. Whom have we
to send? Do you trust Lethington?’
This was not heard; but Lethington saw Bothwell’s eye gleam red
upon him.
‘Him? I would as soon go myself. If he wormed in there, do you
suppose we could ever draw him out again?’
‘No,’ she said aloud, ‘I am of your mind. Send we Melvill, then.’
He would not have Melvill: he chose Herries.
They sent out Lord Herries on a fruitless errand; fruitless in the
main sense, but fruitful in another, since he brought back a waverer.
This was the Earl of Argyll, head of a great name, but with no head

of his own worth speaking about. He might have been welcome but
for the news that came with him. All access to the Prince had been
refused to Herries the moment it was known on whose behalf he
asked it. The Countess of Mar mounted guard over the door, and
would not leave until the Queen’s emissary was out of the house.
There was more than statecraft here, as Herries had to confess:
witchcraft from the Queen was in question, from the mother upon
the child. The last time she had been to see him, they said, she had
given him an apple, which he played with and presently cast down.
A dog picked it up, ran under the table with it and began to mumble
it. The dog, foaming and snaping, jerked away its life. ‘Treason and
lies!’ roared Bothwell, who was present; ‘treason heaped on lies!
Why, when was your Majesty last at Stirling?’ He had forgotten,
though she had not.
‘It was the night before you took me at Almond Brig,’ she said;
and, when he chuckled, broke out with vehemence of pain, ‘You
laugh at it! You laugh still, O Christ! Will you laugh at my graveside,
Bothwell?’ She hid her head in her arm and wept miserably. It was
grievous to see her and not weep too. Yet these were no times in
which to weep.
On the same day in which Lord Lindsay departed, to join the Lords
at Stirling, Huntly also, most unhappily, asked leave to go to his
lands. The Queen used him bitterly. She could be gentle with any
other and move their pity: with him she must always be girding. ‘Do
you turn traitor like your father? Have you too kept a dagger for my
last hours?’ He did not break into reproaches, nor seek to justify
himself, as he might have done—for no one had tried to serve her at
more peril to himself. He said, ‘Madam, I have tried to repair my
faults committed against you,’ and turned away with a black look of
despair. He went north, as she thought, lost to her: it was Bothwell
who afterwards told her that he had gone to summon his kindred
against the war which he saw could not be far off. So scornful are
women to those who love them in vain—that should surely have

touched her, but did not. Lord John Hamilton took Huntly’s empty
place, too powerful an ally to be despised.
The Earl of Argyll came and went between Stirling and Edinburgh,
very diligent to accommodate the two cities, if that might be. He
dared—or was fool enough—to tell the Queen that all would be well
if she would give up the King’s murderers. She replied: ‘Go back to
Stirling, then, and take them. I do give them up. It is there you shall
find them.’ Whether he knew this to be truth or not, for certain he
did not report the message to the Earl of Morton. It would have
fared ill with him if he had.
Before he could come back, a baffled but honest intermediary,
Lethington had fled the Court and taken his wife with him. He went
out, as he said, to ride in the meadows; he did ride there, but did
not return. His wife slipt away separately, and joined her man at
Callander; thence, when Lord Livingstone sent them word that he
could not harbour the Queen’s enemies, they went on to Lord
Fleming’s, Mary’s father’s house, and finally to Stirling. It was a bad
sign that the gentle girl, flying like a thief at her husband’s bidding,
should write no word, nor send any message to the Queen; it was a
worse to the last few faithful that the Queen took no notice. All she
was heard to say was that Fleming could not be blamed for paying
her merchet.
Mercheta Mulicrum, Market of Women—the money-fee exacted by
the lord of the soil before a girl could be wed, clean, to the man who
chose her! Livingstone had paid it, Beaton had paid it; she, Queen
Mary, God knows! had paid it deep. She shook her head—and was
Fleming to escape? ‘No! but Love—that exorbitant lord—will have it
of all of us women. And now’s for you, Seton!’
She looked strangely at the glowing, golden-haired girl before her;
the green-eyed, the sharp-tongued Mary Seton, last of her co-
adventurers of six years agone. Fair Seton made no promises; but all
the world knows that she alone stayed by her lady to the long and
very end.

Returned from Stirling, my Lord of Argyll, with perturbed face,
disorderly dress, and entire absence of manners, broke in upon the
Queen’s privacy, claiming secret words. The lords were prepared for
the field. They intended an attack upon the lower town by land and
water; they would surround Holyroodhouse, seize her person.
She flamed. ‘You mean my husband’s. It is him they seek.’
He did not affect to deny it. She sent for Bothwell and told him all.
Bothwell said: ‘You are right. They want me. Well, they shall not
have me so easily. You and I will away this night to Borthwick.
Arbroath will be half way to us by now, and the Gordons not far
behind. Let Adam go and hasten his brother. Madam, we should be
speedy.’
She took Seton with her—having no other left; she took Des-
Essars. Arthur Erskine was to captain Holyroodhouse. Bothwell had,
perhaps, half a dozen of his dependents. They went after dark, but
in safety.
There, at Borthwick, they stayed quietly through the 8th and 9th
of June: close weather, with thunder brewing.
No news of Huntly, none of the Hamiltons. Bothwell was out each
day for long spells, spying and judging. He opened communication
with Dunbar, got in touch with his own country. At home sat the
Queen with her two friends, very silent.
What was there to say? Who could nurse her broken heart save
this one man, who had no thought to do it, nor any heart of his
own, either, to spare for her? Spited had he been by Fortune,
without doubt. He had had the Crown and Mantle of Scotland in his
pair of hands; having schemed for six years to get them, he had had
them, and felt their goodly weight: and here he was now in hiding,
trusting for bare life to the help of men who had no reason to love
him. Where, then, were his friends? He had none, nor ever had but
one—this fair, frail woman, whom he had desired for her store, and
had emptied, and would now be rid of.

If his was a sorry case, what was hers? Alas, the heart sickens to
think of it. With how high a head came she in, she and her cohort of
maids, to win wild Scotland! Where were they? They had received
their crowns, but she had besoiled and bedrabbled hers. They had
lovers, they had children, they had troops of friends; but she, who
had sought with panting mouth for very love, had had husbands
who made love stink, and a child denied her, and no friend in
Scotland but a girl and a poor boy. You say she had sought wrongly.
I say she had overmastering need to seek. Love she must; and if she
loved amiss it was that she loved too well. You say that she misused
her friends. I deny that a girl set up where she was could have any
friends at all. She was a well of sweet profit—the Honeypot; and
they swarmed about her for their meat like house-flies; and when
that was got, and she drained dry, they departed by the window in
clouds, to settle and fasten about the nearest provand they could
meet with: carrion or honeycomb, man’s flesh, dog’s flesh or maid’s
flesh, what was it to them? In those days of dreadful silent waiting
at Borthwick, less than a month after marriage, I tell you very plainly
that she was beggared of all she had in the world, and knew it. The
glutted flies had gone by the window, the gorged rats had
scampered by the doors. So she remained alone with the man she
had risked all to get, who was scheming to be rid of her. Her heart
was broken, her love was murdered, her spirit was gone: what more
could she suffer? One more thing—bodily terror, bodily fear.
[11] I am unwilling to intrude myself and my opinions, but feel
drawn to suggest that the latter was her motive. If she had
beaten the Countess at the eleventh hour, could she not beat the
Earl? Was she not Huntress to the utterance? Let God (Who made
her) pity her: I do believe it.
CHAPTER X
THE KNOCKING AT BORTHWICK

The 10th of June had been a thunderous day, and was followed by
a stifling night. In the lower parlour where the Queen lay the
candles seemed to be clogged, the air charged with steam. Mary
Seton sat on the floor by the couch, Des-Essars, bathed in sweat,
leaned against the window-sill. In the hall beyond could be heard
Bothwell’s voice, grating querulously to young Crookstone and Paris
about his ruined chances. He was not laughing any more—was not
one, it was found, to bear misfortunes gaily. His tongue had
mastered him of late, and his hand too. He had nearly killed Paris
that morning with one smashing blow.
There came a puff of wind, with branches sweeping the window,
the pattering, swishing sound as of heavy rain. ‘Thank God for rain!
Baptist, the window, lest I suffocate. The rain will cool the air.’ He set
it wide open, and leaned out. There was no rain at all; but the sky
was a vaporous vault, through which, in every part, the veiled moon
diffused her light. He saw a man standing on the grass as plainly as
you see this paper, who presently, after considering him, went away
towards the woods. It might have been one of their own sentries, it
might have been any one: but why did it make his heart beat? He
stayed where he was, watching intently, considering with himself
whether he should tell the Queen, or by some ruse let my lord have
warning without her knowledge. Then, while he was hammering it
out, she got up and came to the window, and leaned over him, her
hand on his shoulder.
‘Poor prisoners, you and I, my Baptist.’
He turned to her with burning eyes. ‘Madam, there can be no
prison for me where you are; but my heart walks with yours through
all space.’
‘My heart,’ she said, ‘limps, and soon will be bedridden; and then
yours will stop. You are tied to me, and I to him. The world has gone
awry with us, my dear.’
Very nervous, on account of what he had seen, he had no answer
ready. Thought, feeling, passion, desire, were all boiling and stirring

together in his brain. The blood drummed at his ears, like a call to
arms.
Suddenly—it all came with a leap—there was hasty knocking at
the hall doors, and at the same instant a bench was overturned out
there, and Bothwell went trampling towards the sound. Des-Essars,
tensely moved, shut the windows and barred the shutters over
them. The Queen watched him—her hands held her bosom. ‘What is
it? Oh, what is it?’
‘Hush, for God’s sake! Let me listen.’
Mary Seton opened the parlour door, as calm as she had ever
been. They listened all.
They heard a clamour of voices outside. ‘Bothwell! Bothwell! Let
us in.’
‘Who are ye?’
‘We are hunted men—friends. We are here for our lives.’
Bothwell put his ear close to the door; his mouth worked fearfully,
all his features were distorted. Heavens! how he listened.
‘Who are ye? Tell me that.’
‘Friends—friends—friends!’
He laughed horribly—with a hollow, barking noise, like a leopard’s
cough. ‘By my God, Lindsay, I know ye now for a fine false friend.
You shall never take me here.’
For answer, the knocking was doubled; men rained blows upon
the door; and some ran round to the windows and jumped up at
them, crying, ‘Let us in—let us in!’ Some glass was broken; but the
shutter held. Mary Seton held the Queen close in her arms, Des-
Essars stood in the doorway with a drawn sword. Bothwell came up
to him for a moment. ‘By God, man, we’re rats in a drain—damned
rats, by my soul! Ha!’ he turned as Paris came down from the turret,
where he had been sent to spy.

The house, Paris said, was certainly surrounded. The torches
made it plain that these were enemies. He had seen my lord of
Morton on a white horse, my Lords Hume and Sempill and some
more.
They all looked at each other, a poor ten that they were.
‘Hark to them now, master,’ says Paris. ‘They have a new cry.’
Bothwell listened, biting his tongue.
‘Murderer, murderer, come out! Come out, adulterous thief!’ This
was Lindsay again. There was no sound of Morton’s voice, the thick,
the rich and mellow note he had. But who was Morton, to call for the
murderer?
Paris, after spying again, said that they were going to fire the
doors; and added, ‘Master, it is hot enough without a fire. We had
best be off.’
Bothwell looked at the Queen. ‘My dear, I must go.’
She barely turned her eyes upon him; but she said, ‘Do you leave
me here?’ Scathing question from a bride, had a man been able to
observe such things.
He said, ‘Ay, I do. It is me they want, these dogs. You will be safe
if they know that I am away—and I will take care they do know it. I
go to Dunbar, whence you shall hear from me by some means.
Crookstone, come you with me, and come you, Hobbie. Paris, you
stay here.’
‘Pardon, master,’ says Paris, ‘I go with your lordship.’
Pale Paris was measured with his eye. ‘I’ll kill you if you do, my
fine man.’
‘That is your lordship’s affair,’ says Paris with deference; ‘but first I
will show you the way out. There are horses in the undercroft.’
Bothwell lifted up his wife, held her in his arms and kissed her
twice. ‘Fie, you are cold!’ he said, and put her down. She had lain
listless against him, without kissing.

He turned at once and followed Paris; young Crookstone followed
him. It seems that he got clear off in the way he intended, for the
noises outside the house ceased; and in the grey of the morning,
before three o’clock, all was quiet about the policies. They must
have been within an ace of capturing him: in fact, Paris admitted
afterwards that they were but a bowshot away at one time.
The Queen sent Seton for Des-Essars at about four o’clock in the
morning. Neither mistress nor maid had been to bed.
He found her in a high fever; her eyes glowing like jet, her face
white and pinched; the stroke of her certain fate drawing down her
mouth. She said, ‘I have been a false woman, a coward, and a
shame to my race.’
‘God knows your Majesty is none of these.’
‘Baptist, I am going to my lord.’
‘Oh, madam, God forbid you!’
‘God will forbid me presently if I do not. It should have been last
night—I may be too late. But make haste.’
They procured a guide of a sort, a wretched poltroon of a fellow,
who twice tried to run for it and leave them in Yester woods. Des-
Essars, after the second attempt, rode beside him with a cocked
pistol in his hand. From Yester they went north by Haddington, for
fear of Whittingehame and the Douglases. As it was, they had to
skirt Lethington, and the Secretary’s fine grey house there in the
park; but the place was close-barred—nothing hindered them. They
passed unknown through Haddington, the Queen desperately tired.
Sixteen hours in the saddle, a cold welcome at the end.
Bothwell received them without cheer. ‘You would have been wiser
to have stayed. Here you are in the midst of war.’
‘My place was by your side.’

The mockery of the thing struck him all at once. This schemed-for
life of his—a vast, empty shell of a house!
‘Oh, God, I sicken of this folly!’ He turned from her.
She had nothing to say, could hardly stand on her feet. Seton took
her to bed.
A message next day from Huntly in Edinburgh. Balfour held the
castle; all the rest of the town was Grange’s. Morton, Atholl, and
Lethington were rulers. Atholl had Holyroodhouse; Lethington and
his wife were with Morton. He himself, said Huntly, would move out
in a day or two and join the Hamiltons at Dalkeith. Let Bothwell raise
the Merse and meet them. He named Gladsmuir for rendezvous, on
the straight road from Haddington to the city, five miles by west of
Haddington.
Bothwell read all this to the Queen, who said nothing. She was
thinking of a business of her own, as appeared when she was alone.
She beckoned up Baptist.
‘There’s not a moment to be lost. Find me a messenger, a trusty
one, who will get speech with Mary Fleming.’
‘Madam,’ says Baptist, ‘let me go.’
‘No, no: I need you. Try Paris—no! my lord would never spare
him. And he would deny me again. Do you choose somebody.’
‘What is he to say to her, ma’am?’
‘He shall speak to her in private. She knows where my coffer is—
my casket.’
Ah! this was a grave affair. Des-Essars made up his mind at once.
‘Madam,’ he said, ‘let me advise your Majesty. Either send me, or
send no one. If you send me I will bring the casket back. That I
promise. If you send no one—if you do not remind her—it will slip
her memory.’
The Queen’s eyes showed her fears. ‘Remember you, Baptist, of
my casket. If Fleming were to betray me to Lethington——’ No need

to end.
‘Again I say, madam, send me.’
She thought; but even so her eyes filled with tears, which began
to fall fast.
‘Dearest madam, do you weep?’
‘I cannot let you go. Do not ask me—I need you here.’
He leaned to her. ‘Alas, what can I do to help your Majesty?’
She took his hand. ‘Stay. You are my only friend. The end is not
far. Have a little patience—stay.’
‘But your casket——’
She shook her head. ‘Let all go now. Stay you with me.’
‘Certainly I will stay with you,’ he said. ‘It will be to see you
triumph over your enemies.’
And again she shook her head. ‘Not with a broken heart!’ Then in
a frightened whisper she began to tell him her fears. ‘Do you know
what they make ready for me? The stake, and the faggot, and the
fire! Fire for the wife that slew her husband. Baptist, you will never
forsake me now! This is my secret knowledge. Never forsake me!’
She hid her face on his shoulder and cried there, as one lost.
Bothwell burst into the room: they sprang apart. He was eager,
flush with news. ‘We march to-morrow with the light. My men are
coming in—in good order. Be of good cheer, madam, for with God’s
help we shall pound these knaves properly.’
‘How shall God help us, my lord,’ said she, ‘who have helped not
Him?’
‘Why, then, my dear,’ cries he with a laugh, ‘why, then, we will
help ourselves.’

CHAPTER XI
APPASSIONATA
Grange, that fine commander, got his back to the sun and gave
the lords the morning advantage. ‘We shall want no more than that,’
he told Morton; ‘by ten o’clock they will be here, and by noon we
shall be through with it.’
‘Shall we out banner, think you?’ says Morton.
‘Nay, my lord, nay. Keep her back the now.’ Grange was fighting
with his head, disposing his host according to the lie of the ground,
and his reserves also. He took the field before dawn, and had every
man at his post by seven o’clock. There was a ground mist, and the
sea all blotted out: everything promised great heat.
They were to be seen, a waiting host, when the Queen crested
Carbery Hill and watched her men creep round about; with Erskine
beside her she could make them out—arquebusiers, pikemen, and
Murrays from Atholl on the lowest ground (Tillibardine leading
them), on either wing horsemen with spears. They had a couple of
brass field-pieces in front. One could see the chiefs walking their
horses up and down the lines, or pricking forward to confer, or
clustering together, looking to where one pointed with his staff.
There was Morton on his white horse, himself, portly man, in black
with a steel breastplate—white sash across it—in his steel bonnet a
favour of white. White was their badge, then; for, looking at them in
the mass, the host was seen to be spattered with it, as if in a
neglected field of poppies and corncockles there grew white daisies
interspersed. The stout square man in leather jerkin and buff boots
was Grange—on a chestnut horse; with him to their right rode Atholl
on a black—Atholl in a red surtout, and the end of his fine beard lost
in the white sash which he too had. Who is the slim rider in black—
haunting Atholl like a shadow? Who but careful Mr. Secretary
Lethington could have those obsequious shoulders, that attentive
cock of the head? Lethington was there, then! Ah! and there, by
one’s soul, was Archie Douglas’s grey young head, and his white

minister’s ruff, where a red thread of blood ought to be. Glencairn
was there, Lindsay, Sempill, Rothes—all those strong tradesmen,
who had lied for their profit, and were now come to claim wages: all
of them but the trader of traders, the white-handed prayerful man,
the good Earl of Moray, safe in France, waiting his turn.
So prompt as they stood down there in the grey haze, all rippling
in the heat; without sound of trumpet or any noise but the
whinnying of a horse; without any motion save now and then, when
some trooper plunged out of line and must pull back—that thing of
all significant things about them was marked by the Queen, who
stood shading her eyes from the sun atop of Carbery Hill. ‘Oh,
Erskine!’ she said, ‘oh, Bothwell! they have no standard. Against
whom, then, do we fight?’
Bothwell, exasperated by anxiety, made short answer: ‘It is plain
enough to see what and who they are. They are men—desperate
men. They are men for whom loss means infamous death. For, mark
you well, madam, if Morton lose this day he loses his head.’
‘Ay,’ she gloomed, ‘and many more shall lose theirs. I will have
Lindsay’s and Archie’s—and you shall have Lethington’s.’
‘I would have had that long ago, if you had listened to me. And
now you see whether I was right or wrong. But when women take to
ruling men——’
She touched his arm. ‘Dear friend, for whom I have suffered many
things, do not reproach me at this hour.’ The tears were in her eyes
—she was always quick at self-pity.
But he had turned his head. ‘Ha! they need me, I see. Forgive me,
madam, I must have a word with Ormiston.’ He saluted and rode
down to meet his allies. Monsieur Du Croc, the French Ambassador,
approached her, hat in hand. He was full of sympathy; but, with his
own theories of how to end this business, could not give advice.
Sir James Melvill, watching the men come up, shook his head at
the look of them. ‘No heart in their chance—no heart at all,’ he was
heard to say.

The Queen’s forces deployed across the eastern face of Carbery
Hill in a long line which, it was clear, was not of equal strength with
the lords’. It became less so as the day wore; for had you looked to
its right you would have seen a continual trickle of stooping, running
men crossing over to the enemy. These were deserters at the
eleventh hour; Bothwell rode one of them down, chased him, and
when he fell drove his horse over him and over in a blind fury of
rage, trampling him out of semblance to his kind. It stayed the leak
for a while; but it began again, and he had neither heart nor time to
deal with it. Where were the Hamiltons who should have been with
her? Where, alas, were the Gordons? In place of them the Borderers
and Foresters looked shaggy thieves—gypsies, hill-robbers, savage
men, red-haired, glum-faced, many without shoes and some without
breeches. The tressured Lion of Scotland was in Arthur Erskine’s
hold: at near ten o’clock Bothwell bade him display it. It unfurled
itself lazily its full length; but there was no breath of air. It clung
about the staff like so much water-weed; and they never saw the
Lion. No matter; it would be a sign to that watchful host in the plain:
now let us see what flag they dare to fly. They waited tensely for it,
a group of them together—the Queen with her wild tawny hair fallen
loose, her bare thin neck, her short red petticoat and blue scarf;
Bothwell biting his tongue; Ormiston, Des-Essars, sage Monsieur Du
Croc.
They saw two men come out of the line bearing two spears close
together. At a word they separated, backing from each other: a great
white sheet was displayed, having some picture upon it—green, a
blot like blood, a wavy legend above. One could make out a tree;
but what was the red stain? They talked—the Queen very fast and
excitedly. She must know what this was—she would go down and
find out—it was some insult, she expected. Was that red a fire? Who
would go? Des-Essars offered, but she refused him. She chose Lord
Livingstone for the service, and he went, gallantly enough—and
returned, a scared old optimist indeed. However, she would have it,
so she learned that they had the King lying dead under a tree, and
the Prince his son praying at his feet—with the legend, ‘Judge and

avenge my cause, O Lord!’ The red was not a fire, but the Prince’s
robe. The Queen cried out: ‘Infamy! Infamy! They carry their own
condemnation—do you not see it?’ If anybody did, he did not say so.
Monsieur Du Croc had his way at last, and was allowed to carry
messages between the hosts. The burden of all that he brought back
was that the lords would obey the Queen if she would give up the
murderers, whom they named. The offer was ludicrous, coming from
Morton—but when she ordered Du Croc back to expose it, he fairly
told her to read below the words. They had come for Lord Bothwell.
‘I will die sooner than let him be touched,’ said she. ‘Let some one—
Hob Ormiston, go you—fetch Grange to speak with me.’ Hob went
off, with a white scarf in his held-up hand; and the Queen rode half-
way down the hill for the parley. The great banner dazzled her: it
was noticed that she bent her head down, as one rides against the
sun.
Grange came leisurely up towards her—a rusty man of war,
shrewd, terse, and weathered. He could only report what his
masters bade him: they called for the surrender of the murderers.
She flamed and faced him with her royal anger. ‘And I, your
sovereign lady, bid you, Grange, go over there and bring the
murderers to me. Look, there goes one on his white horse! And
there shirk two after him, hiding behind him—the one with a grey
head, and the other with a grey face. Fetch you me those.’
‘Bah!’ snarled Bothwell, ‘we talk for ever. Let me shoot down this
dog.’ A Hepburn—quiet and sinewy—stepped out of the ranks with a
horse-pistol. Grange watched him without moving a muscle; but
‘Oh!’ cried the Queen, ‘what villainy are you about?’ She struck down
the pistol-arm,—as once before she had struck down Fawdonsyde’s.
Bothwell, red in the face, said, ‘Let us end this folly. Let him who
calls for me come and fetch me. I will fight with him here and now.
Go you, Grange, and bring my Lord Morton hither.’

‘No need for his lordship, if I will serve your turn, Earl of Bothwell,’
says Grange.
But Bothwell said, ‘Damn your soul, I fight with my equals. None
knows it better than you.’ He would have no one below an Earl’s
rank—himself being now, you must recollect, Duke of Orkney and
Zetland—and it should be Morton for choice.
Grange, instructed by the Queen, rode back. They saw Morton
accost him, listen, look over the valley. He called a conference—they
talked vehemently: then Morton and Lindsay pricked forward up the
hill, and stopped within hailing distance.
‘You, Bothwell,’ cried Morton, ‘come you down, then; and have at
you here.’
The Queen’s high voice called clearly back. ‘He shall never fight
with you, murderer.’
Lindsay bared his head. ‘Then let him take me, madam; for I am
nothing of that sort.’
‘No, no, Lindsay,’ said Bothwell; ‘I have no quarrel with you.’
The Earl of Morton had been looking at Bothwell in his heavy,
ruminating way, as if making up his mind. While the others were
bandying their cries, the Queen’s voice flashing and shrieking above
the rest, he still looked and turned his thoughts over. Presently—in
his time—he gave Lindsay his sword and walked his horse up the hill
to the Queen’s party. He saluted her gravely. ‘With your gracious
leave, madam, I seek to put two words into my Lord Bothwell’s ear.
You see I have no sword.’
The Queen looked at once to her husband. He nodded, gave his
sword to Huntly, and said, ‘I am ready for you.’ They moved ten
yards apart; Morton talked and the other listened.
‘Bothwell, my man,’ he said, ‘there’s no a muckle to pick between
us, I doubt—I played one card and you another; but I have the
advantage of ye just now, and am no that minded to take it up.

Man!’ he chuckled, ‘ye stumbled sorely when ye let them find for the
powder!’
‘Get on, get on,’ says Bothwell, drawing a great breath.
‘I will,’ Morton said. ‘I am here to advise ye to make off while you
can. Go your ways to Dunbar, and avoid the country for a while. I’ll
warrant you you’ll not be followed oversea. All my people will serve
the Queen—have no fear for her. Now, take my advice; ’tis fairly
given. I’ve no wish to work you a mischief—though, mind you, I
have the power—for you and I have been open dealers with each
other this long time. And you brought me home—I’m not one to
forget it. But—Lord of Hosts! what chance have you against Grange?’
He waited. ‘Come now, come! what say you?’
Lord Bothwell considered it, working his strong jaw from side to
side: a fair proffer, an honourable proffer. He looked at the forces
against him—though he had no need; he knew them better men
than his, because Grange was a better man than he. That banner of
murder—the cry behind it—the Prince behind the cry, up on the rock
of Stirling: in his heart he knew that he had lost the game. No way
to Stirling—no way! But the other way was the sea-way—the old free
life, the chances of the open water. Eh, damn them, he was not to
be King of Scots, then! But he had known that for a week. He turned
his head and saw the sea like molten gold, and far off, dipped in it, a
little ship with still sails—Ho! the sea-way!
‘By God, Morton,’ he said, ‘you may be serving me. I’ll do it.’
‘Go and tell her,’ says Morton; and they both went back to the
Queen.
Both took off their bonnets. Bothwell said: ‘Madam, we must avoid
blood-shedding if we may, and I have talked with my lord of Morton.
He makes an offer of fair dealing, which I have taken. I have a clear
road to Dunbar, thence where I will. All these hosts will follow you if
I am not there. They pay me the compliment of high distrust, you
perceive. After a little, I doubt not but you shall see me back again
where I would always be. Madam, get the Prince in your own hands:

all depends upon him. And now, kiss me, sweetheart, for I must be
away.’
She heard him—she understood him—she believed him. She was
curious to observe that she felt so little. Her voice when she
answered him had no spring in it—it was worn and thin, with a little
grating rasp in it—an older voice.
‘It may be better so. I hate to shed good blood. Whither shall I
write to you? At Dunbar? In England? Flanders?’ There had been a
woman in Dunkirk—she remembered that.
He was looking away, answering at random, searching whom he
should take with him, or on whom he could reckon to follow him if
he asked. ‘I will send you word. Yes, yes, you will write to me. You
shall know full soon. But now I cannot stay.’
Morton had returned to his friends.
‘Paris, come you with me. Ormiston, are you for the sea? No? Stay
and be hanged, then. Hob? What, man, afraid? Where is Michael
Elliott? Where is Crookstone? What Hepburn have I?’ He collected six
or eight—both the Ormistons decided for him—Powrie and Wilson,
Dalgleish, one or two more.
He took the Queen’s hand gaily. ‘Farewell, fair Queen!’ he said;
and she, ‘Adieu, my lord.’ He leaned towards her: ‘One kiss, my
wife!’ but she drew back. ‘Your lips are foul—you have kissed too
many—no, no.’ ‘I must have it—you must kiss me’—he pressed
against her. For a while she was agitated, defending herself; but
then, with a sob, ‘Ay, take what you will of me,’ she said—‘it is little
worth.’ He got his cold kiss, and rode fast through his scattering
host. This going of his was the Parthian shot. He had beaten her.
Desire was dead.
The Queen sat still—with a face like a rock. ‘Has he gone?’ she
asked Des-Essars in a whisper.
‘Yes, thank God,’ said he.

She shook herself into action, gathered up the reins, and turned to
Erskine. ‘Come,’ she said, ‘we will go down to them now.’
She surrendered to the Earl of Atholl, who, with Sempill and
Lindsay, came up to fetch her. Followed by one or two of her friends
—Des-Essars, Melvill, Du Croc, and Livingstone—she rode down the
hill from her host and joined the other. Grange cantered up,
bareheaded, to meet her, reined up short, took her hand and kissed
it. Many followed him—Glencairn, Glamis, young Ruthven. Each had
his kiss; but then came Archie Douglas smelling and smiling for his—
and got nothing. She drew back from him shuddering: he might
have been a snake, he said. Lethington was not to be seen. The host
stood at ease awaiting her; the white banner wagged and dipped, as
if mocking her presence. ‘Take that down,’ she said, with a crack in
her dry throat; but no one answered her. She had to go close by the
hateful thing—a daub of red and green and yellow—crowned
Darnley crudely lying under a tree, a crowned child kneeling at his
feet, spewing the legend out of his mouth. She averted her eyes and
blinked as she passed it: an ominous silence greeted her, sullen
looks; one or two steady starers showed scornful familiarity with ‘a
woman in trouble’; one said ‘Losh!’ and spat as she passed.
She was led through the Murrays, Humes, and Lindsays; murmurs
gathered about her; all eyes were on her now, some passionate,
some vindictive, some fanatic. On a sudden a pikeman ran out of his
ranks and pointed at her—his face was burnt almost black, his eyes
showed white upon it. ‘Burn the hure!’ he raved, and when she
caught her breath and gazed at him, he was answered, ‘Ay, ay, man.
Let her burn herself clean. To the fire with her!’
Her fine heart stood still. ‘Oh!’ she said, shocked into childish
utterance, ‘oh, Baptist, they speak of me. They will burn me—did
you hear them?’ Her head was thrown back, her arm across her
face. She broke into wild sobbing—‘Not the fire! Not the fire! Oh,
pity me! Oh, keep me from them!’
‘Quick, man,’ said Atholl, ‘let us get her in.’ Orders were shortly
given, lieutenants galloped left and right to carry the words. The

companies formed; the monstrous banner turned about. Morton
bade sound the advance; between him and Atholl she was led
towards Edinburgh. ‘If Erskine is a man he will try a rescue,’ thought
Des-Essars, and looked over his shoulder to Carbery Hill—now a
bare brae. The Queen’s army had vanished like the smoke.
So towards evening they came to town, heralded by scampering
messengers, and met by the creatures of the suburb, horrible
women and the men who lived upon them—dancing about her,
mocking obscenely, hailing her as a spectacle. She bowed her head,
swaying about in the saddle. Way was driven through; they passed
under the gates, and began to climb the long street, packed from
wall to wall with raving, cursing people. They shook their fists at her,
threw their bonnets; stones flew about—she might have been killed
outright. The cries were terrible—‘Burn her, burn her! Nay, let her
drown, the witch!’ Dust, heat, turmoil, a brown fetid air, hatred and
clamour—the houses seemed to whirl and dizzy about her. The earth
rocked; the people, glued in masses of black and white, surged
stiffly, like great sea waves. Pale as death, with shut eyes and
moving, dumb lips, she wavered on her seat, held up on either side
by a man’s arm. Des-Essars prayed aloud that a stone might strike
her dead.
They took her to a house by the Tron Church, a house in the High
Street, and shut her in an upper room, setting a guard about the
door. The white banner was planted before the windows, and the
crowd swarmed all about it, shrieking her name, calling her to come
out and dance before them. Her dancing was notorious, poor soul;
many a mad bout had she had in her careless days. ‘Show your legs,
my bonnie wife!’ cried some hoarse shoemaker. ‘You had no shame
to do it syne.’ This lasted till near midnight—for when it grew dark
torches were kindled from end to end of the street, drums and pipes
were set going, and many a couple danced. The Queen during this
hellish night was crouched upon the floor, hiding her face upon Mary
Seton’s bosom. Des-Essars knelt by her, screening her from the
windows. She neither spoke nor wept—seemed in a stupor. Food

was brought her, but she would not move to take it; nor would she
open her mouth when the cup was held at her lips.
Next morning, having had a few hours’ peace, the tumult began
betimes—by six o’clock the din was deafening. She had had a sop in
wine, and was calmer; talked a little, even peeped through the
curtain at the gathering crowd. She watched it for, perhaps, an hour,
until they brought the mermaid picture into action—herself naked to
the waist, with a fish-tail—confronted it with the murder flag, and
jigged it up against it. This angered her; colour burned in her white
cheeks. ‘Infamous! Swine that they are! I will brave them all.’
Before they could stop her she had thrown open the window, and
stood outside on the balcony, proudly surveying and surveyed.
At first there was a hush—‘Whisht! She will likely speak till us,’
they told each other. But she said nothing, and gave them time to
mark her tumbled bodice and short kirtle, her wild hair and stained
face. They howled at her, mocking and gibing at her—the two
banners flacked like tailless kites. Presently a horseman came at a
foot’s pace through the press. The rider when he saw her pulled his
hat down over his eyes—but it was too late. She had seen
Lethington. ‘Ha, traitor, whose rat-life I saved once,’ she called out,
in a voice desperately clear and cold, ‘are you come to join your
friends against me? Stay, Mr. Secretary, and greet your Queen in the
way they will teach you. Or go, fetch your wife, that she may thank
her benefactress with you. Do you go, Mr. Secretary?’
He was, in fact, going; for the crowd had turned against him and
was bidding him fetch his wife. ‘Give us the Popish Maries together,
sir, and we’ll redd Scotland of them a’.’
‘Rid Scotland of this fellow, good people,’ cried the Queen, ‘and
there will be room for one honest man.’
They jeered at her for her pains. ‘Who shall be honest where ye
are, woman? Hide yourself—pray to your idols—that they keep ye
from the fire.’

‘Oh, men, you do me wrong,’ she began to moan. ‘Oh, sirs, be
pitiful to a woman. Have I ever harmed any?’
They shrieked her down, cursing her for a witch and a husband-
killer. The flags were jigged together again—a stone broke the
window over her head. Des-Essars then got her back by force.
It is amazing that she could have a thought in such a riot of fiends
—yet the sight of Lethington had given her one. She feared his grey,
rat’s face. She whispered it to Des-Essars. ‘Baptist, you can save me.
Quick, for the love of Christ! The coffer! the coffer!’
He knew what she meant. That coffer contained her letters to
Bothwell, her sonnets—therefore, her life. He understood her, and
went away without a word. He took his sword, put a hood over his
head, got out of the backside of the house, over a wall, into the
wynd. Hence, being perfectly unknown, he entered the crowd in the
High Street and worked his way down the Canongate. He intended
to get into Holyroodhouse by the wall and the kitchen window, as he
had done many a time, and notably on the night of David’s
slaughter.[12]
Des-Essars had gone to save her life; but whether he did it or no,
he did not come back. She wore herself to thread, padding up and
down the room, wondering and fretting about him. This new anxiety
made her forget the street; but towards evening, when her nerves
were frayed and raw, it began to infuriate her—as an incessant cry
always will. She suddenly began panting, and stood holding her
breasts, staring, moving her lips, her bosom heaving in spite of her
hands. ‘God! Mother of God! Aid me: I go mad,’ she cried,
strangling, and ‘Air! I suffocate!’ and once more threw open the
windows and let in the hubbub.
She was really tormented for air and breath. She tore at her
bodice, split it open and showed herself naked to the middle.
‘Yes—yes—you shall look upon me as I was made. You shall see
that I am a woman—loved once—loved much. See, see, my flesh!’

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Solution Manual for Operations Management 14th Edition William J Stevenson

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