Solutions SB
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The document discusses pharmaceutical solutions, which are liquid preparations that contain one or more soluble substances dissolved in a suitable solvent. It outlines the key components of solutions, including the solvent, solute, and any additives. Some advantages are easy dosing and administration, while disadvantages include potential instability and bulkiness. Examples of different types of solutions are provided, such as syrups, elixirs, linctuses, and others. Key factors in formulation like solubility techniques and common active ingredients are also summarized.
Solutions SB
- 1. Pharmaceutical Solutions (Monophasic Liquid Dosageform) (Dr.) Mirza Salman Baig Assistant Professor (Pharmaceutics) AIKTC, School of Pharmacy,New Panvel Affiliated to University of Mumbai (INDIA)
- 2. Course Objectives On completion of the theory topics, the learner should have an understanding of -- • Concept of drug versus dosage forms, • basic calculations relating to the practice of dispensing, • prescriptions and their types • compounding • role of a community pharmacy in healthcare
- 3. Course Objectives On completion of the theory topics, the learner should have an understanding of -- • Concept of drug versus dosage forms, • basic calculations relating to the practice of dispensing, • prescriptions and their types • compounding • role of a community pharmacy in healthcare
- 4. Course Outcomes At the end of the course the learner will be able to 1. Define and identify various dosage forms 2. Solve problems relating to pharmaceutical calculations 3. Have knowledge of different prescription types 4. Identify and comprehend different steps involved in dispensing of formulations 5. Understand principles involved in compounding of different dosage forms 6. Identify physical and chemical incompatibilities among different active ingredients and formulations 7. Understand the organization of community pharmacy, provide optimal patient care under the direct personal interaction/ counselling
- 5. General compounding of Products Solutions, suspensions, emulsions and creams, ointments and pastes, gels, suppository and pessaries, powders, granules and capsules
- 6. Solutions • Liquid preparations that contain one or more soluble chemical substances dissolved in a suitable solvent or mixture of mutually miscible solvents • Homogenous molecular dispersion that is prepared by dissolving a solid, liquid or gas in another liquid • Major component--> Solvent • Minor component--> Solute
- 7. Use • Oral- Elixirs, linctuses, syrup • Mouth wash, gargles • Instillation in body cavity- eye drops, nasal drops, douches • On body surface- collodions
- 8. Advantages • Easy to swallow • Easy dose adjustment. • Quick absorption • Uniform (Homogenous) • Safe means of administring potassium iodide (Potassium iodide is used to loosen and break up mucus in the airways) that cause gastric pain if taken dry (tablet) • Patient compliance
- 9. Disadvantages • Less stable • Unpleasent flavour is difficult to mask. • Bulky to carry around • Spoon needed and dose variation • Breakage of container
- 10. Formulation • Vehicle – Water, – Aromatic water (camphor water), – Medicated vehicle (Orange peel infusion- carminative) • Adjunct (additives) – Stabilizers (Ascorbic acid 0.1%) – Colouring agent (amaranth) – Flavouring agent (liquorice extract, orange syrup, lemon spirit) – Preservative (Chloroform 0.25%, Benzoic acid 0.1%)
- 11. Formulation....Contd • Medicament (drug) – Dextromethorphan HCL – Chlorpheniramine Maleate
- 12. Syrup • Liquid oral preparation in which the vehicle is concenterated aqueous solution of sucrose or other sugar. • Medicated/ flovouring syrup – Orange syrup – Raspberry syrup • Storage - Store at room temperature
- 13. Contd... • Solubility can be increased by – Solubilization (surfactant) – Co solvency – Complexation (iodine and KI) – Chemical modification (salts of API) – pH adjustment
- 14. ExamplesExamples OfOf SugarSugar BasedBased MedicatedMedicated SyrupSyrup Cough Syrup • Chlorpheniramine maleate 04mg • Codein Phosphate 10mg • Ephedrine HCl 05mg • Sod. Citrate 150mg • Menthol 0.1mg
- 15. AntihistamineAntihistamine ((antianti allergicallergic)) Chlorpheniramine Maleate 0.4 g Glycerin 25.0 mL Syrup 83.0 mL Sorbitol Solution 282.0 mL Sodium Benzoate 1.0 g Alcohol 60.0 mL Color and Flavor q.s Purified water, to make 1000.0 mL
- 16. Elixirs • Clear, flavoured, sweetened hydro alcoholic liquid preparations for oral administration. • Beside ethanol glycerin can be used. • Medicated / non-medicated • Ex Phenobarbitone elixer
- 17. ExampleExample OfOf NonNon SugarSugar BaseBase MedicatedMedicated SyrupSyrup CoughCough andand ColdCold SyrupSyrup Dextromethorphan HCL ( cough suppressan) 2.0 g Guaifenesin (expetorant) 10.0 g Chlorpheniramine Maleate 0.2 g Phenylephrine HCl 1.0 g Sodium Benzoate 1.0 g Saccharin Sodium 1.9 g Citric acid 1.0 g Sodium Chloride 5.2 g Alcohol 50.0 mL Sorbitol Solution 324.0 mL Liquid Glucose 44.0 mL Glycerin 50.0 mL Color/Flavor q.s Purified Water to make 1000.0 mL
- 18. ExampleExample OfOf NonNon SugarSugar BaseBase MedicatedMedicated SyrupsSyrups AcetaminophenAcetaminophen SyrupSyrup Acetaminophen 24.0 g Benzoic Acid 1.0 g Disodium Calcium EDTA 1.0 g Propylene glycol 150.0 mL Alcohol 150.0 mL Saccharin Sodium 1.8 g Purified water 200.0 mL Flavor 0.1mL Sorbitol Solution, to make 1000.0 mL (q.s.)
- 19. Linctuses • Sweet viscous liquid preparations use as demulcent expectorant. • They produce soothing effect on mucous membrane of throat
- 20. Example of linctus • Noscapine 15mg – antitussive(cough-suppressant) • Glyceryl guaiacoate 100mg – Expectorant • Chlorpheniramine Malt. 02mg • Chloroform 0.4ml • menthol 1mg • Alcohol 10% (v/v)
- 21. Other solutions • Drops (Eye/Ear/oral) • Draughts (single use) • Gargles (throat) • Mouth washes • Throat paint (antibiotics) • Spray (throat/nasal) • Enemas (rectum - anti inflamatory) • Douches (irrigate body cavity) • Collodion ( External )
- 22. Flexible collodion • Solution of Pyroxylin (nitrated cellulose), colophony (resin) and castor oil. • Use- applied to the skin to close small wounds, abrasions, and cuts