Sorting out the concepts (2011 10-31)
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This document defines and compares open educational resources (OER), open textbooks, and eBooks. It discusses how OER can be freely accessed and shared online through open licenses like Creative Commons to transform teaching and learning. Popular OER include open textbooks, videos, audio clips and interactive exercises that are organized into learning objects. Supporting organizations provide OER repositories, publishers and initiatives to promote open sharing of knowledge.
Sorting out the concepts (2011 10-31)
- 1. “ Open Educational Resources,” “Open Textbooks,” and “eBooks” Sorting Out the Concepts Created by: Bob Yavits
- 2. The Capetown Open Education Declaration “ We are on the cusp of a global revolution in teaching and learning. Educators worldwide are developing a vast pool of educational resources on the Internet, open and free for all to use. These educators are creating a world where each and every person on earth can access and contribute to the sum of all human knowledge.”
- 3. The Capetown Open Education Declaration “ They are also planting the seeds of a new pedagogy where educators and learners create, shape and evolve knowledge together, deepening their skills and understanding as they go.” http://capetowndeclaration.org/
- 4. Definition of OER (Open Educational Resources) Digital materials that can be re-used for teaching, learning, research and more, made available for free through open licenses , which allow uses of the materials that would not be easily permitted under copyright alone. ~ Hylén, Jan (2007). Giving Knowledge for Free: The Emergence of Open Educational Resources http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/giving-knowledge-for-free_9789264032125-en
- 5. Definition of OER (Open Educational Resources) Digital materials may include: Open Textbooks Video clips Audio clips Interactive Exercises Web sites Other Digital content (ie: interactive exercises)
- 6. The OER Concept The idea of OER is not just to drive costs down, but to transform how people learn by leveraging resources to improve learning and instruction. We do not want to do the same old thing more cheaply. Chunks of multi-media learning objects can be organized to make learning much more interesting, stimulating, and fun.
- 7. By sharing, we not only make things free, but we provide the opportunity for continuous improvement. There is a distinct difference between Open Textbooks in paper format and those in digital format. As Digital Textbook technology develops this difference will increase. The OER Concept
- 8. The 4 R’s of OER: Reuse Revise Remix Re-distribute The OER Concept
- 9. Creative Commons Creative Commons exists to freely provide “ Open Licenses ” to content producers. http://creativecommons.org Creative Commons also provides a large listing of “ Content Directories ” and a Media Search feature: http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Content_Directories http://search.creativecommons.org/
- 10. Creative Commons The Creative Commons copyright designation can provide the following options: Commercial use is or is not allowed. Derivatives (modifications) from the original are or are not allowed . Share Alike: If new derivatives are allowed then must be licensed under identical terms as the original, or not.
- 11. Creative Commons 6 Creative Commons designations: Attribution (CC BY) Attribution-ShareAlike (CC BY-SA) Attribution-NoDerivs (CC BY-ND) Attribution-Non-Commercial (CC BY-NC) Attribution-Non-Commercial–ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA) Attribution-Non-Commercial–NoDerivs (CC BY-NC-ND)
- 12. Creative Commons Example of Creative Commons license: A Basic Guide to Open Educational Resources (OER) Prepared by Neil Butcher for the Commonwealth of Learning & UNESCO http://www.col.org/resources/publications/Pages/detail.aspx?PID=357 This is a complete guide to the concept of the OER, and is available freely, and only in electronic (PDF) form.
- 13. Creative Commons Example of Creative Commons license: Soundbible.com http://soundbible.com “ SoundBible.com offers thousands of free sound effects, sound clips, and straight up sounds. These sounds can be used in a variety of sound projects including Video Sound Scores, Movie Scoring, Game Design, Powerpoint Presentations, Prank Calls, Sound Boards, and the list goes on.”
- 14. Creative Commons Example of Creative Commons license: Khan Academy http://www.khanacademy.org/ “ With a library of over 2,400 videos covering everything from arithmetic to physics, finance, and history and 125 practice exercises, we're on a mission to help you learn whatever you want, whenever you want, at your own pace.”
- 15. Open Educational Media Repositories OER Commons http://www.oercommons.org MERLOT (Multimedia Educational Resource for Learning and Online Teaching) http://www.merlot.org/merlot Connexions http://cnx.org
- 16. Open Textbook Publishers: Flat World Knowledge http://www.flatworldknowledge.com Textbook/Media http://www.textbookmedia.com Orange Grove Texts Plus http://www.theorangegrove.org/OGTabout.asp Open Textbooks
- 17. Media Options from Flatworld Knowledge: Web Books in HTML (Free online) Print-it-Yourself Books (PDF Low-res) Soft Cover Books (PDF High-res) Mobile Reader Books (for iPad, Kindle, etc.) Audio Books (.MP3) Accessible Books (Daisy-Readable and Digital Braille) Open Textbooks
- 18. Supportive Organizations College Open Textbooks http://www.collegeopentextbooks.org College Open Textbooks Community (Ning) http://collegeopentextbooks.ning.com CCCOER (Community College Consortium for Open Educational Resources) http://oerconsortium.org WikiEducator http://wikieducator.org OER Handbook: http://wikieducator.org/OER_Handbook/educator
- 19. Additional Publisher Options Question: Will traditional textbook publishers begin to adopt some of the OER options that others are providing? McGraw-Hill has recently provided all SUNY campuses with the ability to provide faculty and students with free online content, as McGraw Hill Campus : http://www.mhcampus.com/
- 20. Additional Publisher Options Question: Will traditional textbook publishers begin to adopt some of the OER options that others are providing? Pearson is partnering with Google to develop OpenClass, a free Learning Management System: From The Chronicle of Higher Education , Oct. 13, 2011: “ Pearson and Google Jump Into Learning Management With a New, Free System” http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/pearson-and-google-jump-into-learning-management-systems/33636
- 21. eBooks An Ebook may be an “Open”, or it may not. Most eBooks are not. Example: “ Our Choice ” by Al Gore contains embedded video clips and other interactive content. http://pushpoppress.com/ourchoice/ It is available for the iPad for $4.99. However, because it does not carry a Creative Commons copyright license, it is not, technically speaking, and Open eBook.
- 22. Common Features of eBooks Instant dictionary lookup Electronic highlighting and sharing Electronic note insertion and sharing Other features: Embedded video Embedded interactivity
- 23. Open Courses Open Course Library http://www.opencourselibrary.org/ The Saylor Foundation http://www.saylor.org/ Open Culture http://www.openculture.com/freeonlinecourses
- 24. Initiatives The Kaleidoscope Project http://www.project-kaleidoscope.org California’s State University’s Digital Marketplace http://www.dmproject.org Ohio’s Digital Bookshelf http://ohiodigitalbookshelf.ning.com Washington Community College’s Open Textbook Initiative http://collegeopentextbooks.ning.com/profiles/blogs/open-course-library Daytona State College eBook Initiative http://www.daytonastate.edu/etext/textbookgrant/ebook.html