Sound basics
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Sound travels through air at 340 meters per second. The speed of sound affects how we perceive the location, depth, and space of sounds. Factors like temperature, humidity, and elevation can impact the speed of sound propagation. Audio delays and effects like reverb alter the perceived location of sounds by controlling delay time and feedback levels. Short delays under 5 milliseconds can produce pitch changes, while longer delays lower the perceived pitch. Reverbs create a sense of acoustic space and help focus the listener's attention. Convolution and algorithmic reverb use different methods to simulate real acoustic spaces digitally. Dynamic audio plugins like compressors, limiters, and gates control the amplitude of signals over time.
Sound basics
- 1. Sound basics Propagation Sound going through a medium Speed of sound in the air 340 meters/ sec 1 km/ 3 secs 1 mike / 5 secs 1ft / msec Sense of Space Depth Location Affected by Temperature Humidity Elevation Audio effects that Control/ change propagation Delay effects Delay time Short Long Dry/wet Dry= unprocessed Feels near Wet= processed Feels far Feedback High feedback Delays continue for a long time Low feedback Delays fade away quickly The output if the delay unit Is routed to the input of the delay unit The delay concept Effects of delays Pitch change From ??? Upto 5 milliseconds Comb filters A complex filter with a series Of evenly spaced notches When a signal is is combined with a slightly delayed version of itself Short delay + very high feedback Increasing delay time Lowers the frequency of the pitch Produces a pitch Modulated short delays Choruses Flangers Phasers Reverbs Sense of space Guides listener's focus Slap back One wall short reflection with zero feedback Algorithmic Creates impression of space form a formula (synthetics) Like a synthesizer Doesn't sound like real space More manipulation Possible Parameters Early reflections Sounds like slap back Diffused reverb Under2 seconds Material of walls Convolution A recording in real space applied to sound from DAW (sampling) More like real space Limited manipulation Like a sampler Impulse response Representation of sound In real space Canyon Jazz club Large hall Etc... Amplitude Amount of compression of air due to sound pressure Longitudinal waves Same direction as wave propagation Measured in decibels (Db) Dbspl (Db sound pressure level) In the air Scale: 0 to loudest Zero is the quietest Dbfs (Db full scale) In the computer Scale: Negative to zero Zero is the loudest Not loudness Perceived as loudness Depends on Duration Frequency Audio effects: Dynamic plugins control amplitude of signal over time Compressors Limiters Expanders Noise Gates Noise Hum ,hiss ,fuzz When signal isn't present Acoustic Environment Electrical Caused by Gear Reduce Reduce pieces of gear Shorter cables Use balanced cables Turn of appliances and dimmers High quality gear Mic polar pattern Get mic closer to source Distortion Threshold of distortion Amplitude at which volume starts affecting timbre - volume variations turn into timbre variations Dynamic range Distance between noise flour and distortion Drive Gain stage before threshold of distortion e.g guitar Use distortion musically Intentional use of distortion Gear can cause distortion Non linear range of equipment Mic Too close Not good Needs to be illuminated Mic preamp Clipping (digital distortion) Not good Needs to be illuminated Frequency Timbre