sources of imges
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The document explains the electromagnetic spectrum and its various components, including infrared light used in medical applications and hyperspectral surveillance technology. It discusses the significance of high-frequency sound waves in various fields, including micro-ultrasound for medical imaging and acoustic micro imaging for analytical studies. Additionally, it covers advancements in virtual reality systems that enhance user immersion through natural sensory stimulation.
![High-frequency micro-ultrasound works through
the generation of harmless sound waves from
transducers into living systems. As the sound waves
propagate through tissue, they are reflected back
and picked up by the transducer, and can then be
translated into 2D and 3D images.
Micro-ultrasound is specifically developed for small
animal research by VisualSonics, with frequencies
ranging from 15 MHz to 80 MHz,[3] compared with
clinical ultrasound systems which range from 3-15
MHz](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/dsprepfin-120413223529-phpapp02/85/sources-of-imges-43-320.jpg)
sources of imges
- 3. ELECTROMAGNETIC SPECTRUM - the range of all possible frequencies of electromagnetic radiation
- 4. 1. GAMMA RADIATION 2. XRAY RADIATION 3. UV RADIATION 4. VISIBLE RADIATION 5. IR RADIATION 6. MICROWAVE RADIATION 7. RADIO WAVES
- 5. 1. GAMMA RADIATION 2. XRAY RADIATION 3. UV RADIATION 4. VISIBLE RADIATION 5. IR RADIATION 6. MICROWAVE RADIATION 7. RADIO WAVES
- 7. electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.74 micrometres (µm), and extending conventionally to 300 µm. Infrared light is used in industrial, scientific, and medical applications.
- 8. Night-vision devices using infrared illumination allow people or animals to be observed without the observer being detected. In astronomy, imaging at infrared wavelengths allows observation of objects obscured by interstellar dust. Infrared imaging cameras are used to detect heat loss in insulated systems, observe changing blood flow in the skin, and overheating of electrical apparatus.
- 11. gaining importance in the applied spectroscopy particularly in the fields of NIR, SWIR, MWIR, and LWIR spectral regions Typical applications include biological, mineralogical, defense, and industrial measurements.
- 12. collects and processes information from across the electromagnetic spectrum Much as the human eye sees visible light in three bands (red, green, and blue), spectral imaging divides the spectrum into many more bands. This technique of dividing images into bands can be extended beyond the visible.
- 13. Engineers build sensors and processing systems to provide such capability for application in agriculture, mineralogy, physics, and surveillance. Hyperspectral sensors look at objects using a vast portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- 14. Hyperspectral (AVIRIS) image of Mammoth Mountans, California. 1024 x 512 pixles, 224 bands, approximately 300 Mbytes od data.
- 15. Hyperspectral surveillance is the implementation of hyperspectral scanning technology for surveillance purposes. Hyperspectral imaging is particularly useful in military surveillance because of countermeasures that military entities now take to avoid airborne surveillance.
- 16. The idea that drives hyperspectral surveillance is that hyperspectral scanning draws information from such a large portion of the light spectrum that any given object should have a unique spectral signature in at least a few of the many bands that are scanned.
- 17. The soldiers from DEVGRU who killed Osama bin Laden in May 2011 used this(hyperspectral surveillance) technology while conducting the raid (Operation Neptune's Spear) on Osama bin Laden's compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan.
- 18. Hyperspectral thermal infrared emission measurement, an outdoor scan in winter conditions, ambient temperature -15°C - relative radiance spectra from various targets in the image are shown with arrows.
- 19. In infrared photography, infrared filters are used to capture the near- infrared spectrum. Digital cameras often use infrared blockers.
- 24. Radio waves have frequencies from 300 GHz to as low as 3 kHz, and corresponding wavelengths from 1 millimeter to 100 kilometers. Naturally occurring radio waves are made by lightning, or by astronomical objects. Artificially generated radio waves are used for fixed and mobile radio communication, broadcasting, radar and other navigation systems, satellite communication, computer networks and innumerable other applications.
- 25. Mobile radio communication Navigation system broadcasting Satellite communication
- 26. subfield of astronomy that studies celestial objects at radio frequencies
- 27. Subsequent observations have identified a number of different sources of radio emission. Radio astronomy is conducted using large radio antennas referred to as radio telescopes, that are either used singularly, or with multiple linked telescopes utilizing the techniques of radio interferometry and aperture synthesis.
- 28. To “image” a region of the sky in more detail, An optical image of the multiple overlapping scans can be recorded and pieced together in a mosaic image. M87 galaxy (HST), a radio image of same galaxy using Interferometry
- 29. A radio image of the central region of the Milky Way galaxy.
- 30. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)
- 31. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) It allows observations of an object that are made simultaneously by many telescopes to be combined, emulating a telescope with a size equal to the maximum separation between the telescopes.
- 32. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) The Parkes VLBI is most well known for imaging (210-ft) 64-m distant cosmic radio sources, spacecraft radio tracking, and for applications intelescope in astrometry. Australia produced this radio map of the Large Magellanic Cloud.
- 33. Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI)
- 34. • V ideo1
- 37. refers to any study or application of sound waves higher in frequency than the human audible range They are used in many applications including plastic welding, medicine, jewelry cleaning, and nondestructive test.
- 38. Plastic welding Jewelry Cleaning
- 41. the visualization of living animals for research purposes, such as drug development These imaging systems can be categorized into primarily morphological/anatomical and primarily molecular imaging techniques.
- 42. High-frequency micro-ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are usually used for anatomical imaging, while optical imaging (fluorescence and bioluminescence), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) are usually used for molecular visualizations.
- 43. High-frequency micro-ultrasound works through the generation of harmless sound waves from transducers into living systems. As the sound waves propagate through tissue, they are reflected back and picked up by the transducer, and can then be translated into 2D and 3D images. Micro-ultrasound is specifically developed for small animal research by VisualSonics, with frequencies ranging from 15 MHz to 80 MHz,[3] compared with clinical ultrasound systems which range from 3-15 MHz
- 44. VEVO 2100 BY VisualSonic Tech. Vevo 2100 is a portable imaging modality which means the system can be easily transported from one site to the next and allows for multiple users to perform and store multiple examinations/ studies. The addition of more animals to each study is possible as well as re- assessment of study data a later dates for the purpose of analysis of that data.
- 45. Micro-ultrasound is the only real-time imaging modality per se, capturing data at up to 1000 frames per second. Micro-ultrasound systems are portable, do not require any dedicated facilities, and is extremely cost-effective compared to other systems. Currently, imaging of up to 30 µm is possible, allowing the visualization of tiny vasculature in cancer angiogenesis. Micro-ultrasound devices have unique properties pertaining to an ultrasound research interface, where users of these devices get access to raw data typically unavailable on most commercial ultrasound (micro and non-micro) systems.
- 46. Typically, micro-ultrasound can image tissue of around 3 cm below the skin, and this is more than sufficient for small animals such as mice. The performance of ultrasound imaging is often perceived as to be linked with the experience and skills of the operator.
- 47. The advances in micro-ultrasound has been able to aid cancer research in a plethora of ways. For example, researchers can easily quantify tumor size in two and three dimensions. Because of its real-time nature, micro-ultrasound can also guide micro-injections of drugs, stem cells, etc. into small animals without the need for surgical intervention.
- 50. Acoustics is the interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of all mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids including vibration, sound, ultrasound andinfrasound. A scientist who works in the field of acoustics is an acoustician while someone working in the field of acoustics technology may be called an acoustical engineer Five basic steps : The study of acoustics revolves around the generation, propagation and reception of mechanical waves and vibrations. The steps shown in the above diagram can be found in any acoustical event or process.
- 51. The five basic steps are found equally well whether we are talking about an earthquake, a submarine using sonar to locate its foe, or a band playing in a rock concert. Acoustic Micro Imaging a method of evaluating materials and bonding for various micro electronic applications. Acoustic micro imaging uses high frequency ultrasound (5 to 300 MHz) to image the internal features of samples Acoustic Micro Imaging can be optimized for analytical studies where layer-by-layer analysis is needed. The higher the frequency the shorter the wavelength and the higher the resolution potential. broadband pulse viewed in the time domain
- 52. pulse content in the frequency time domain image domain frequency domain image
- 53. ` Analytic instruments such as the Spectrum analyzer facilitate visualization and measurement of acoustic signals and their properties. The Spectrogram produced by such an instrument is a graphical display of the time varying pressure level and frequency profiles which give a specific acoustic signal its defining character. Spectrogram of a young girl saying "oh, no"
- 54. AudioPaint AudioPaint generates sounds from pictures. The program can read JPEG, GIF and BMP files and translates each pixel position and color into frequency, amplitude and pan information. It's a kind of massive additive synthesis tool.
- 55. Hyperupic [Image to Sound Tool Hyperupic is a tool for creating sounds from digital images. Hyperupic is intended to be a musical tool for composers, but it is sufficiently general for many sonification applications as well. Hyperupic is available for MacOS X.
- 56. Virtual Reality In Virtual Reality (VR) systems -all human sensory systems have to be stimulated in a natural way to enhance immersion into computer-generated environments with which users can interact freely and naturally One of the major contributions of this comprehensive system is the realization as a software-only solution that makes it possible to use this technology on a standard PC basis. It frees the user of any costly DSP technology or other custom hardware which additionally is hard to maintain. In addition to that it is to our knowledge the first approach to install a versatile and stable real-time binaural acoustics system with dynamic CTC in a CAVE-like environment.
- 57. shows a measurement of the artificial head of the Institute of Technical Acoustics (ITA) of RWTH Aachen University under 120 degree relating to the frontal direction in the horizontal plane. The Interaural Time Difference (ITD) can be assessed in the time domain plot. The Interaural Level Difference (ILD) is shown in the frequency domain plot and clarifies the frequency dependent level increase at the ear turned toward the sound source and the decrease at the ear that is turned away from the sound source.
- 58. Methods for Acoustical Imaging The basic theory of the wave field synthesis is the Huygens′ principle. An array of loudspeakers (ranging from just a few to some hundreds in number) is placed in the same position as a microphone array was placed at the time of recording the sound event in order to reproduce an entire real sound field. In a VR environment the loudspeaker signal will then be calculated for a given position of one or more virtual sources.
- 59. Five sided projection CAVE-like virtual environment using optical tracking. Possible loudspeakers are colored in green and mounted on the rack on top of the device
- 62. 1 2 Sources for images 3 4-8 ) 5 basic steps(acoustic) 9) refers to any study or application of sound waves higher in frequency than the human audible range 10)TRUE/FALSE: In astronomy, imaging at infrared wavelengths allows examination of objects obscured by interstellar dust.