Soyabean ppt 3
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The document provides information about soybean production including its uses, area and production statistics, cultivation practices, and hybrid production. It discusses soybean's importance as a global crop and major source of protein and oil. Key points covered include top soybean producing countries, cultivation steps like land preparation, fertilizer application, and harvesting. Hybrid seed production techniques like emasculation and pollination are outlined. New high-yielding soybean varieties suited for different states in India are also mentioned.
Soyabean ppt 3
- 2. • Introduction • Uses of Soybean • Area, Production & Productivity • Land preparation • Source of seed • Fertilizer • Seed treatment • Seed rate • Sowing & spacing AGENDA
- 3. AGENDA • Anthesis and flowering • Flower morphology • Emasculation & Pollination • Hybrid seed production • Pest and Diseases • Harvesting • Seed standards & Field standards • New hybrids & varieties • Recent work
- 4. • Soybean is the major legume crop of the world in terms of total production • Soybean is an important global crop and processed soybean is the largest source of protein feed and second largest source of vegetable oil in the world INTRODUCTION Glycine max China Legumninoseae/ Fabaceae Chromosome Number OriginScientific Name Family 2n = 40
- 5. Life Cycle of Soya bean
- 6. Uses of Soybean Food for Humans - Soybean oil is used in cooking and frying foods. Food for Animals - The high-protein fiber is toasted and prepared into animal feed for poultry, pork, cattle, other farm animals and pets. Biodiesel — biodiesel fuel for diesel engines are produced from soybean oil by a simple process called transesterification Bio composites are building materials made from recycled newspaper and soybeans Candles made with soybean oil burn longer but with less smoke and soot Soy based foams are currently being developed for use in coolers, refrigerators, automotive interiors and even footwear.
- 8. Area, Production & Productivity Country Avg. Area (lakh ha) Avg. Production (lakh tonnes) Avg. Yield (Kg/ha) USA 324.01 1010.74 3119 Brazil 310.22 918.00 2959 Argentina 194.30 558.35 2874 China 68.33 120.83 1768 India* 114.92 103.27 899 Paraguay 32.00 87.45 2733 Canada 20.87 58.29 2794 Ukraine 17.64 35.35 2004 Uruguay 11.77 28.30 2405 Russia 17.38 22.35 1286 Others 54.24 98.32 1813 World 1164.84 3030.62 2602 Source: FAO/USDA. *As per the estimates of DES, DAC&FW
- 9. Area, Production & Productivity State Avg. Area (lakh ha) Avg. Production (lakh tonnes) Avg. Yield (Kg/ha) MP 59.32 54.99 927 Maharashtr a 37.05 31.14 840 Rajasthan 11.02 9.76 886 Telangana 2.42 2.56 1058 Karnataka 2.41 2.12 880 Others 3.58 3.56 993 All India 114.92 103.27 899
- 10. Area, Production & Productivity 0.00 2.00 4.00 6.00 8.00 10.00 12.00 14.00 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2015-16 Area in million ha Production in million tonnes Yield in qtl/ha
- 11. LAND PREPARATION MANUAL LAND PREPARATION : Machetes & hoes MECHANIZED LAND PREPARATION : Use of tractors and animal traction MINIMUM/ZERO TILLAGE : Application of glyphosate at rate of 3-5l/ha Three Main Methods
- 12. Source of seed Proper class of seed should be used for seed production The breeder seed should be used for foundation seed and foundation seed should be used for certified seed
- 13. Fertilizer Application Apply 20 kg N and 80 kg P2O5 and 40 kg K2O and 40 kg of S as gypsum (220 kg/ha) /ha as basal dressing Soil application of 25 kg ZnSO4/ha under irrigated condition Foliar spray of NAA 40 mg/l and Salicylic acid 100 mg/l once at pre-flowering and another at 15 days thereafter Foliar spray of DAP 20 g/l or urea 20 g/l once at flowering and another at 15 days thereafter
- 14. Seed treatment • Slurry treat with carbendazim @ 2g kg-1 of seed along with carbaryl @ 200 mg kg-1 of seed. (or) • Treat the seeds with Carbendezim or Thiram @ 2g/kg of seed 24hrs before sowing or with talc formulation of Trichoderma viride @ 4 g/kg seed (or) Pseudomonas fluorescens @ 10 g/kg seed. Biocontrol agents are compatible with biofertilizers. First treat the seeds with biocontrol agents and then with Rhizobium.
- 15. Seed rate Seed rate of soybean depends upon germination percentage, seed size and sowing time. If seed is of 80 per cent germination, 70-80 kg seed per hectare is required. For late planting and for spring crop, seed rate should be 100-120 kg per hectare
- 16. Sowing & spacing • Dibble or drill the seeds. • The seed should be placed at a depth of 3/5 cm. The shallower depths are recommended for heavy and/or wet soils and deeper depth are chosen for dry/light soils. • This should be followed by inoculation with rhizobium culture. The seed plot is sown with a cleaned seed drill in rows 45 cm apart. • A gap of 1 m is kept after every 18-20 rows for inspection of the plants.
- 17. Anthesis & flowering Starts in morning around 6 am and continues till 11 am Maximum flower opening – 11am to 5pm
- 18. Anthesis & flowering • Soybean has perfect flower consisting of calyx, corolla, pistil and stamens • The corolla begins to emerge from the sepals • There ate five petals one standard, two keel and two wing petals • The keel petals encloses the pistal and the stamen which are 10 in number & diadelphous, nine are united to form a tube around the ovary and the tenth is free
- 19. Anthesis & flowering • The pistal has single ovary with generally 2 or 3 ovulues a long style and stigma • The stigma is hairy and covered by the keel • Fruit is a legume
- 22. Growth Stages
- 23. Growth Stages
- 24. Growth Stages
- 25. Growth Stages
- 26. Steps for Emasculation • Select the inflorescence containing young buds for emasculation • Remove immature buds • Remove the corolla by grasping with a forceps above the calyx scar and lifting them upward • Remove all the diadelphous stamens with the help of forceps or needle
- 28. Steps for Pollination • Pollination is done in the next morning • Collect all the pollen from the male parent by removing organs with the forceps when Anthers are gently brushed on the stigma until the pollen is clearly • Bag the pollinated inflorescence
- 29. Hybrid seed production • An efficient method of producing hybrid F 1 soybean seeds is provided. • A male sterile female parent line having a male sterile gene linked to a herbicide resistance gene is crossed with another male fertile soybean variety to produce hybrid soybean seeds. Cytoplasmic - genetic male sterility
- 30. Pest
- 31. Diseases • Occurs on leaves of the soybean Small angular spots Appear yellow at first Later turn to brown to black Diseased leaves eventually die and fall • Spots can spread from leaves to stem and pods • Can spread rapidly in a field • Bacteria are seed borne
- 32. Harvesting • Soybean seed is harvested using a combine to separate the seed from the point • The seed is hauled from the field in a truck or wagon • The seed pods must be dry enough for the combine to separate the seed from the pod • If there has a heavy dew or rains the pods may take several hours to dry out enough to harvet
- 33. New hybrids & varieties S.No . State Varieties 1 MP JS-95-60, JS-97-52, JS-93-05, JS- 335, MACS-1188, MACS-1281, NRC-7, , NRC-37, NRC-86 2 Maharashtra MAUS-81, MAUS-61-2, MACS- 450,MACS-1188, MACS-1281, JS- 335, KDS-344, RKS-18 3 Rajasthan RKS-45, JS-335, JS-93-05, JS-95- 60 4 Karnataka MAUS-2, RKS-18, DSb-1, DSb-21, JS-93-05, JS-335 5 Telangana JS-335
- 35. Recent Work • Karpo R2* : It is a new high-yielding RR2 soybean for the early-mid soybean zone with 00.2 relative maturity. Karpo R2* has excellent tolerance to white mould, and is a tall plant with a great look. • Lassa R2X : It is a new roundup ready 2 Xtend soybean worth excellent yield, white mould rating and soybean cyst nematode resistance. Lassa R2X is a 000.9 relative maturity bean making it a great fit in the very early soybean zones
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