SPACE TECHNOLOGY BY Vivek Vishwakarma
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This document discusses the history and technologies of space exploration. It begins with an introduction to space technology and its importance. It then discusses the early history of space technology development in Russia, the US and Germany in the early 20th century. It outlines some of India's contributions to space exploration, including the establishment of the Indian Space Research Organization. The document then discusses various space technologies such as spacecraft, satellites, life support systems and their uses in areas like communication, weather forecasting, and consumer technologies.
SPACE TECHNOLOGY BY Vivek Vishwakarma
- 1. KAMLA NEHRU INSTITUTE OF PHYSICAL & SOCIAL SCIENCES 2016-2017 TOPIC - SPACE TECHNOLOGY GUIDED BY :- H.O.D. :- SUBMITTED BY :- MISS.AMRITA DR.SANJAY VIVEK SRIVASTAVA SRIVASTAVA VISHWAKARMA
- 2. INTRODUCTION SPACE TECHNOLOGY IS TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED BY SPACE SCIENCE OR THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY FOR USE IN SPACEFLIGHT, SATELLITES,OR SPACE EXPLORATION.SPACE TECHNOLOGY INCLUDES SPACECRAFT,SATELLITES,SPACE STATIONS,AND SUPPORT INFRASTRUCTURE,EQUIPMENT,AND PROCEDURES. THE MODERN WORLD IS DRIVEN BY TECHNOLOGY AND SPACE TECHNOLOGY DOUBTLESS IS AT THE CUTTING EDGE.EVERSINCE MAN HAS BEEN AWARE OF THE VAST EXPANSE OF STARS AND OUTER SPACE,A DESIRE TO REACH THEM,EXPLORE THE UNIVERSE HAS EXCITED SCIENTISTS AND THINKERS ALIKE. SPACE IS SUCH A NOVEL ENVIRONMENT THAT ATTEMPTING TO WORK IN IT REQUIRES NEW TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES.MANY COMMON EVERYDAY SERVICES SUCH AS WEATHER FORECASTING,REMOTE SENSING,GPS SYSTEM,SATELLITE TELEVISION,AND SOME LONG DISTANCE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS CRITICALLY RELY ON SPACE INFRASTRUCTURE.
- 3. HISTORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY HUMANS HAVE DREAMED ABOUT SPACE FLIGHT SINCE ANTIQUITY.THE CHINESE USED ROCKETS FOR CEREMONIAL AND MILITARY PURPOSES CENTURIES AGO, BUT ONLY IN THE LATTER HALF OF THE 20TH CENTURY WERE ROCKETS DEVELOPED THAT WERE POWERFUL ENOUGH TO OVERCOME THE FORCE OF GRAVITY TO REACH ORBITAL VELOCITIES THAT COULD OPEN SPACE TO HUMAN EXPLORATION.
- 4. THE EARLIEST PRACTICAL WORK ON ROCKET ENGINES DESIGNED FOR SPACE FLIGHT OCCURRED SIMULTANEOUSLY DURING THE EARLY 20TH CENTURY IN THREE COUNTRIES BY THREE SCIENTISTS : IN RUSSIA,BY KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKI ; IN US,BY ROBERT GODDARD ; AND IN GERMANY,BY HERMANN OBIRTH. THE FIRST US SATELLITE, EXPLORER 1, WENT INTO ORBIT ON JANUARY 31,1958.IN 1961,ALAN SHEPHERD BECAME THE FIRST AMERICAN TO FLY INTO SPACE. “LANDING A MAN ON THE MOON AND RETURNING HIM SAFELY TO EARTH WITHIN A DECADE” WAS A NATIONAL GOAL SET BY PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY IN 1961.ON JULY 20,1969,ASTRONAUT NEIL ARMSTRONG TOOK “A GAINT STEP FOR MANKIND” AS HE STEPPED ON TO THE MOON.
- 5. INDIA IN SPACE IN 1947,ON GETTING INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITISH, THE YOUNG NATION DECIDED TO FOLLOW THE DEMOCRATIC AND SECULAR PATH GIVING HIGH IMPORTANCE TO SCIENCE AND SCIENTIFIC THINKING.IT WAS TO THE CREDIT OF THE NATION’S EARLY LEADERS THAT THEY ENCOURAGED EMINENT SCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS TO PURSUE THE PATH OF SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERY. THIS HAS NOW LED THE NATION TO ITS PRESENT LEADING POSITION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY. INDIA IS PRESENTLY ONE OF THE LEADERS IN SPACE EXPLORATION AND PROBABLY THE FIFTH COUNTRY TO HAVE A RE-ENTRY VEHICLE.
- 6. THUMBA WAS NEAR THE POINT WHERE THE MAGNETIC EQUATOR CROSSES INDIA’S WEST COAST.THE CENTER WAS NAMED “THUMBA EQUATORIAL ROCKET LAUNCHING STATION” OR TERLS. THE FIRST INDIAN BUILT ROCKET ROHINI, BLASTED OFF SUCCESSFULLY FROM TERLS IN 1967. DR. VIKRAM SARABHAI LED AN EMINENT TEAM THAT AMONG OTHERS CONSISTED OF DR. A.P.J. ABDUL KALAM. THE WHOLE SAGA OF SPACE EXPLORATION BEGAN IN A VERY SMALL WAY BY SETTING UP THE INCOSPAR(INDIA COMMITTEE FOR SPACE RESEARCH) HEADED BY DR. VIKRAM SARABHAI. IN THE EARLY 60’S THE INCOSPAR ESTABLISHED A CENTER NEAR THUMBA IN KERALA STATE.
- 7. THE SUCCESS OF ROHINI LED THE GOVERNMENT OF INDIA TO ESTABLISH THE INDIAN SPACE RESEARCH ORGANIZATION (ISRO). UNDER DR. SARABHAI. THIS ORGANIZATION WAS GIVEN THE TWIN JOB OF DEVELOPING BOTH SATELLITE LAUNCH VEHICLES AND THE SATELLITES THEMSELVES. IN ORDER TO UTILIZE THE ENERGY OF THE SPINNING EARTH, A NEW LOCATION WAS CHOSEN NEAR CHENNAI ON THE EAST COAST. THIS LAUNCH CENTER AT SHRIHARICOTTA CALLED THE SHRIHARICOTTA SATELLITE LAUNCH CENTER (SHAR) IS TO THIS DAY BEING USED TO LAUNCH SATELLITES. INDIA’S 1ST SATELLITE(ARYABHATTA) WAS LAUNCHED AT BAIKINOOR IN 1975.
- 8. WHAT IS SPACE TECHNOLOGY ? SPACE TECHNOLOGY IS A TECHNOLOGY THAT DEALS WITH : Spacecraft Satellites Space stations Support infrastructure equipment and procedures This technology is basically developed by the aerospace industry.
- 9. WHY SPACE TECHNOLOGY ? SPACE IS A VERY NOBLE ENVIRONMENT IT IS FULL OF UNCERTAINTY CONDITIONS AND REQUIREMENT ON EARTH ARE TOTALLY DIFFERENT WE CANNOT WORK WITH TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPED ON EARTH AS PER ITS REQUIREMENT WE NEED A NEW AND DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGY IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENT AND CONDITIONS
- 10. TECHNOLOGY MAN IS ALWAYS INTERESTED IN FINDING OR EXPLORING ABOUT LIFE ON DIFFERENT PLANETS EARTH IS ALWAYS SURROUNDED BY THE CATASTROPHIC DISASTERS OF UNIVERSE SPACE IS FULL OF UNEXPLORED OPPORTUNITIES (EX.-VARIOUS MINERALS THAT ARE ABSENT ON EARTH) DYNAMIC NATURE OF SUN AND SOLAR SYSTEM EFFECT OF VARIOUS DISTURBANCES IN SOLAR SYSTEM ON EARTH’S ATMOSPHERE(EX.-EFFECT OF SOLAR WIND, ASTEROID COLLISIONS) COMMUNICATION ON EARTH WHETHER FORE CASTINGS MILITARY INTELLIGENCE
- 11. TECHNOLOGIES FOR SPACE TRAVEL ION DRIVES SOLAR SAILS SIMILAR TO WIND PUSHING SAILBOATS GRAVITATIONAL ASSIST ROCKETS SPACE CRAFTS
- 12. SPACE SUSTAINABLE FOOD AND WATER SUPPLY - NEED SOPHISTICATED WASTEWATER RECYCLING CAPABILITIES TO PRODUCE DRINKING WATER -FOOD PROVIDES HIGH ENERGY FOR LOW VOLUME AND WEIGHT ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING -STEADY TEMPERATURE, PRESSURE & HUMIDIT -PASSING ELECTRICITY THROUGH WATER TO PRODUCE OXYGEN
- 13. WASTE MANAGEMENT - REMOVING CARBON DIOXIDE FROM AIR - FILTERING MICRO-ORGANISMS AND DUST FROM AIR - HANDLING BIOLOGICAL WASTE AND GARBAGE SAFETY -SPACE IS A VACUUM – NO AIR OR WATER -DETECTION FOR FIRE,LEAKS,INCOMING RISKS LIKE METEORITES - PROTECTION FROM RADIATION AND COLD - SYSTEMS TO HANDLE EMERGENCIES LIKE A FIRE OR LOSS OF PRESSURE/AIR
- 14. USES OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY MOBILE PHONECAMERA A Camera on a cell phone has become a integral part of everyday use gadget. And the world owes it to National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA),the US space exploration agency, for this amazing feature that has revolutionized both telephony and photography. The concept of the digital camera was developed by engineers at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory(JPL) in the year 1960.Today,1/3 of mobile phone cameras use the technology pioneered by this research years ago.
- 15. SCRATCH - RESISTANTLENSES The Lewis Research Center contributed to preparing Sunglass Lenses that are highly resistant to spotting and stratches. Actually the research was for finding a material to find a diamond hard coating for aerospace systems. Later in 1980,Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. got a license to use the patented technique for creating that diamond-hard coatings. Such a coating when applied to lenses has resulted in having scratch resistant lenses for the common man.
- 16. WATERPURIFICATION It is NASA again that has contributed to the development of modern water filtration system and development of new water purification technologies. For manned long space exploration missions, the scientist were confronted with the problem of filtering used water, in order to replenish the limited supplies a space craft could carry. The water filtration technology developed has been used to treat impure water and if applied on a larger scale, could help to meet the growing global populations drinking water needs.
- 17. VIDEOENHANCING SYSTEM NASA’S Video Image Stabilization And Registration (VISAR) technique was used by Intergraph Government Solutions to develop its Video Analyst System. Later this technique was used by FBI to analyze video footages. Now VAS is also being used by military to deploy weapons and for mission debriefing.
- 18. FREEZE DRYING TECHNOLOGY NASA carried out extensive research into space food while planning for long – period Apollo missions. This was when the technique of freeze drying was discovered. In this technique, food was immediately frozen after cooking and then heated slowly in a vacuum chamber so the ice crystals got removed. The end product retained 98% of its nutritional elements.
- 19. DIFFERENT TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR USE IN SPACE Computer technology Structural analysis of space craft Monitoring of air quality aboard spacecraft Simulation of space environment for training Industrial technology Development of micro lasers for communication Public safety technology Development of computer robotics
- 20. Consumer technology Design of space food for astronauts on long flights Study of aerodynamics and insulation Medical and health technology Design of electronics for the Hubble space telescope Development of slow-release medication to control motion sickness Development of communications and robotic systems Transportation technology Development of parachute material for the Viking space mission
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