Spatial analysis for crime pattern of metropolis in China
- 1. Spatial Analysis for Crime Pattern of Metropolis in Transition Using Police Records and GIS 1
- 2. Introduction Crime is one of the major problems in the development of modern society. Pre-reform China had only five to six criminal cases per 100,000 inhabitants annually during the 1950s and 1960s. However, since China implemented economic reform and an open-door policy in the late 1970s, crime has been increased approximately 50 times the rates observed in the 1950s and 1960s . crime was spatially concentrated in specific places in urban areas, and extremely high incidence areas or “crime hot spots” existed in cities of both developed and developing countries where people’s activities concentrated. 2
- 3. Continue.. spatial analysis of crime using GIS have played an important role in both criminal justice practices and criminological research. The importance of crime pattern analysis which employs a series of methods to probe patterns and trends has been increasingly recognized in government departments and police forces Boba introduced the concepts of crime analysis and crime mapping through the discussion of related theories, data, practices and analysis techniques, particularly the advantages of using GIS in crime study. 3
- 4. Study area Shanghai is located between latitudes 30°23′N and 31°27′N, and longitudes 120°52′E and 121°45′E (Fig 1). 4
- 5. Data source All crime related data used in this paper comes from Shanghai 110 alarm centers. . In Shanghai, there were totally 8,706,345 crime records in 2006. According to the police crime discrimination framework, these crime records can be classified into 175 types. 5
- 6. Methods The original crime data of 2006 is stored in oracle 9i. Crime mapping. Analytical approach : ◦ (Spatial analysis is now recognized as a tool for the study and control of crime ). ◦ This approach seeks to explore the emerging patterns of crime by focusing on the nature of the environment in which crimes occur. 6
- 7. Exploratory analysis of crime Table 1.Crime type classification. Property CrimeViolent Crime FraudRape BurglaryMurder Pick-pocketingAttempted murder Stealing automobilesWounding and assault MotorcyclesIndecent assault and robbery 7
- 9. Continue.. 9
- 12. Spatio-temporal analysis of crime in Shanghai 12
- 13. Continue.. 13
- 14. Relationship between Shanghai crime and land use types 14
- 15. crime in residential area 15
- 16. 16