Specific age competencies ppt
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Age-specific competencies refer to skills that allow nurses to provide care tailored to a patient's unique needs based on their age and stage of development. There are eight major life stages: infant, toddler, preschooler, school-age, adolescent, young adult, middle-aged adult, and older adult. Each life stage is associated with specific physical and psychosocial characteristics that should inform how nurses communicate with, assess, educate, and provide care for patients of different ages. Understanding age-specific competencies is key to delivering patient-centered care.
Specific age competencies ppt
- 2. What Are Age-Specific Competencies? Age-Specific Competencies are skills that you use to give care that meet each patient’s unique needs.Every patient is unique with their own likes, dislikes, beliefs, limitations, abilities and experiences.However, everyone grows and develops in a similar way.Experts believe that peoplegrow and develop in stages that are related to their age and that they share qualities at each one of those stages.Understanding these stages is the key to age- specific competencies.
- 3. THE DIFFERENT STAGES….. There are physiological and psychological differences and changes during each stage of life.Both of these influence patient care. Stage (or age): • 0 to 1 year • 2 to 3 years • 4 to 5 years • 6 to puberty • Adolescence • Early adulthood • Middle adulthood • Late adulthood
- 4. The Adolescent (ages 13-20)
- 5. Adolescents (ages 13 -20) Physical • Physical growth is in spurts; rapid growth changes in height, weight, body proportions • Girls generally develop and mature earlier than boys • Matures physically • Little understanding of the structure and workings of their bodies Psychosocial • Develops own identity; builds close relationships; tries to balance peer group with family interests • Concerned with appearance; self-conscious • Challenges authority • Fears: loss of control, altered body image, separation from peer group • Tend to think that they are invincible. • Physical Appearance is important
- 6. Care of the Adolescent (ages 13 to 20) • Provide privacy • Use correct terms • Discuss concerns • Provide education about their medical condition • Speak to the patient (do not just address the parent) • The age of legal responsibility is 18 years. – Under 18, must have parent consent. Parent must sign consent – Over the age of 18, patient must consent to parent involvement or knowledge of health issues.Patient signs informed consent.
- 7. The Young Adult (ages 21 – 39)
- 8. Young Adult (ages 21 to 39) Physical • Reach physical and sexual maturity • Nutritional needs are maintenance, no growth after age of 30 • Muscular efficiency peaks at 20 – 30 • GI system decreases secretions after age 30 • Mental abilities reach peak during twenties Psychosocial • Develop a personal identity and self-reliance • Seeks closeness with others; may start family • Establish a value system and uses it to life choices • Set career goals
- 9. Care of the Young Adult (ages 21 to 39) • With consent, involve significant other or other support system • Allow privacy • Educate patient on procedure and possible outcomes • Assess how illness or disease will affect their life. Ask them about their concerns • Educate patient on new disease diagnosis, diet, medications, and coping. Provide education pamphlets, if available. • Encourage support groups, as indicated.
- 10. The Middle Aged Adult (ages 40 -64)
- 11. Middle Age Adult (ages 40 to 64) Physical • Experiences physical changes: – Decreased endurance, – Decrease in body mass, muscular strength – Loss of skin elasticity, dry eyes & skin, increase appearance of wrinkles • Women experience menopause • Illness or injury may interfere with plans.Chronic disease may develop • Decreased renal function, metabolic rate, and heat and cold tolerance • Decreased short-term memory or recall • Synthesis of new information is decreased
- 12. Middle Age Adult (ages 40 to 64) Psychosocial • Develop concern over the next generation • May live in the “sandwich generation” – helping children gain independence and caring for aging parents. Some may be raising grandchildren • They may become active in the community • Reflect on their lives and their accomplishments • Threats to physical image, loss of health causes stress • May have feelings of loss of control, insecurity, perceptions of aging, losing independence • Begin emotionally preparing for death
- 13. Care of the Middle Age Adult (ages 40 – 64) • Allow time to talk about frustrations, concerns about illness, worries for the future • Assess barriers to learning and readiness to learn • Educate about procedures, diet, safe medications and healthy lifestyles.Use appropriate materials • Provide privacy • Allow choices and decision-making, whenever possible • Involve family or support system (following privacy laws)
- 14. Adults ages 65 - 79
- 15. Adult ages 65-79 Physical • Can be a wide difference within this category, some have failing health, some remain fairly healthy • May experience changes in skin, muscle and sensory abilities • Higher risk of health problems, such as infection and chronic illnesses • Decreased tolerance to hot/cold • Sleep patterns may change • Declining cardiac & renal function • Decrease in muscle mass and muscle tone (including muscle tone of the GI tract) • Food breaks down more slowly and moves slower through the GI tract, can result in constipation and hemorrhoids. • Weakening of sphincters can lead to reflux, dysphasia, choking, aspiration, bowel and/or urinary incontinence. • Cancer rates increase,
- 16. Adult ages 65 - 79 Psychosocial • Changes in family role or status: – Widowed – Death of children – Raising grandchildren • Changes in financial situation • Many experience depression and loneliness • Reduced autonomy and self- determination • May experience anxiety about the future
- 17. Caring for the Adult (ages 65 – 79) • Avoid assumptions about loss of abilities. Do not assume that they are hard of hearing • Assess learning barriers, allow extra time to absorb instructions. Provide written instructions for home use • Encourage healthy habits and social activity • Activate fall precautions • Provide privacy; provide a safe, comfortable environment, ensure patient warmth. • Give patient chances to reminisce, to help promote a positive self- image.
- 18. Adults ages 80 and older
- 19. Adults ages 80 and older Physical • Higher risk of infection, dehydration, poor nutrition and chronic illness. • Mobility becomes harder • Physical abilities continue to deteriorate. • Arteries lose elasticity, accumulate calcium deposits • Calcification of rib cage, loss of elasticity of alveoli often results in less effective gas exchange, hypoxia, and increased risk of respiratory infection • Renal mass becomes smaller. Bladder muscles weaken and capacity decreases. Voiding becomes difficult and bladder infections may result • Bone and mineral mass are reduced putting them at increased risk of fractures.
- 21. Adults ages 80 and older Psychosocial • May feel isolated or upset due to loss of – Family – Friends – Sensory abilities – Financial independence – Self confidence • Accepts end-of-life and personal losses; lives as independently as possible • Often reflect on their lives and come to an acceptance of death. • They learn but at slower rates and reduced attention spans.
- 22. Care of the Adult ages 80 and older • Promote self-care and independence, as much as possible • Monitor age-related risks, such as skin problems (for example, when removing tape) • Don’t try to teach too much new information at one time • Provide for patient’s comfort and warmth • Provide privacy, as appropriate • Involve family, respecting HIPAA laws • Place patient on fall precautions • May take longer for patient to arouse in the recovery room