Disorders and Speech Therapy - Rahul SIR
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The document discusses speech disorders, including their types, causes, and effects on communication. It highlights common disorders such as stuttering, apraxia, dysarthria, and aphasia, along with treatment methods like speech therapy and specific exercises for improvement. The importance of addressing speech disorders for enhancing self-esteem and quality of life is also emphasized.
Disorders and Speech Therapy - Rahul SIR
- 1. Under the Guidance of Rahul SIR Lecturer IGSCON Presented by Muskan Jaiswal BSc Nursing 3rd Year IGSCON
- 2. Speech is the process of producing specific sounds that convey meaning to the listener. A speech disorder refers to any condition that affects a person’s ability to produce sounds that create words. Speech is one of the main ways in which people communicate their thoughts, feelings, and ideas with others. The act of speaking requires the precise coordination of multiple body parts, including the head, neck , chest, and abdomen . Speech disorders can affect the way a person creates sounds to form words. Certain voice disorders may also be considered speech disorders.
- 3. 1. Stuttering 2. Apraxia 3. Dysarthria 4. Spasmodic dysphonia 5. Articulation errors 6. Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie) 7. Selective mutism 8. Aphasia
- 4. Stuttering also known as Stammering , is a speech disorder in which the flow of speech is disrupted by involuntary repetitions and prolongation of sounds, words or syllables. Also ,there are involuntary silent pauses or blocks. Clinical features: Problem in starting a word or phase Hesitation before certain sound has to be uttered. Repetition of a sound , word or syllable. Trembling lips and jaws Causes: Developmental factors Neurogenic stuttering Psychological factor
- 5. Is a neurological disorder that makes it difficult for someone with the condition to say what they want to say correctly. It happens when a brain can’t coordinate the muscles that enable speech. Clinical features: Difficulty moving smoothly from one sound to another Vowel distortions, such as attempting to use the correct vowel, but saying it incorrectly. Separation of syllables, such as putting a pause or gap between syllables Inconsistent voicing errors, such as saying “down” instead of “ town” Causes: Neurodegenerative illness Brain tumor Dementia hydrocephalus
- 6. Dysarthria occurs when the muscles you use for speech are weak or you have difficulty controlling them. Causes: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Brain injury Brain tumor Cerebral palsy Guillain –barre syndrome head injury Huntington's disease Myasthenia gravis Parkinson’s disease Wilson’s disease Clinical features: Slurred, nasal sounding or breathy speech Strained and hoarse voice Very loud and quiet speech Gurgly or monotone speech
- 7. Is a voice disorder. It causes involuntary spasms in the muscles of the voice box or larynx. This causes the voice to break and have a tight, strained or strangled sound. Is a lifelong condition. It most often women, with symptoms starting between the ages of 30 and 50. 3 types of Spasmodic Dysphonia 1. Adductor spasmodic dysphonia 2. Abductor spasmodic dysphonia 3. Mixed spasmodic dysphonia Clinical features: Voice breaks up Voice sound breathy, whispery, strangled or tight Vocal tremor Hoarse voice Jerky voice Failure to maintain voice
- 8. The inability to produce sounds correctly in speech is referred to as an articulation disorder, there is no known cause of an articulation disorder. Examples of articulation errors include substituting one sound for another (e.g., saying wed for red ), or leaving out sounds, ( e.g., nana instead of banana )
- 9. This is a physical condition that makes it hard for children to move their tongues, or restricts the tongue’s range of motion
- 10. It’s a severe anxiety disorder where a person is unable to speak in certain social situations.
- 11. Acquired impairment in the use of language due to damage to certain part of brain affecting the production or comprehension speech and the ability to read and write It’s a two type: 1. FLUENT APHASIA : Speech is present but contains little meaningful communication. 2. NON-FLUENT APHASIA : Minimal speech, difficulty with slow speech that requires obvious effort. TYPES OF FLUENT APHASIA i. Wernicke’s fluent aphasia ii. Transcortical sensory aphasia iii. Conduction or Associative aphasia iv. Amnesic aphasia TYPES OF NON-FLUENT APHASIA i. Broca’s aphasia ii. Transcortical aphasia iii. Global aphasia
- 12. Vocal cord damage Brain damage Muscle weakness Respiratory weakness Strokes Polyps or nodules on the vocal cords Vocal cord paralysis People with have certain medical or developmental conditions may also have speech disorders. I. Autism II. Attention deficit hyperactivity(ADHD) III. Strokes IV. Oral cancer V. Laryngeal cancer VI. Huntington’s disease VII. Dementia VIII.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
- 13. 1. History collection 2. Physical examination 3. Laryngoscopy 4. Mirror examination: To visualize interior of the larynx especially vocal folds. 5. Videostroboscopy: A test that can diagnose certain conditions that affect your vocal cords or swallowing. 6. Laryngeal electromyography: Electrical activity in the laryngeal muscle 7. Oral motor examination procedure 8. RSST: Repetitive Saliva Swallowing Test 9. Fluorography: Photography of X-ray images from a fluoresecent screen.
- 15. Speech therapy assess and treats speech disorders and communication problem. It helps develop skills like comprehension , clarity , voice , fluency and sound. Speech therapy is a rehabilitative procedure undertaken in order to help the people having any kind of communication disorders or problems and some swallowing problems. Needs of Speech Therapy Hearing impairement Aphasia Apraxia Articulation disorders Cognitive-communication disorders Dysarthria Expressive disorders Fluency disorders Receptive disorders Resonance disorders
- 16. HOME EXERCISE Speech therapy technique for CHILD oSpeak to them as much as possible oUse short and simple words oTell stories at bedtime oRead children’s books oReduce scream time oPlay games with child oSign language oUse mirror oTurn everyday situations into something new For ADULTS: oTongue exercise Tongue in and out Tongue side to side Tongue up and down
- 17. Say Cheese Practice Kissy Face Consonant and Vowel Pairing Repetition Sentence Production Phonological Processing Word Games
- 18. SPEECH THERAPY EXERCISE TONGUE IN AND OUT This exercise train the tongue to move with a coordination pattern to help to produce better speech. The pattern is asked to take out their tongue for at least two seconds, then pull it back , hold for 2 seconds, and repeat. TONGUE SIDE TO SIDE Ask the patient to open the mouth and move the tongue to touch the right corner of the mouth ; hold for 2 seconds, and repeat. TONGUE UP AND DOWN Ask the patient to open the mouth and stick the tongue out ; then try to take the tongue up toward the nose , hold 2 seconds . Then take your tongue down toward chin, hold 2 seconds, and repeat. SAY CHEESE This exercise is used to improve oral motor skills.Ask the patient to smile in front of a mirror; smile and relax. Repeat several times. PRACTICE KISSY FACE Ask the patient to pucker lips together and then relax. Repeat as often as s/he can do.
- 19. CONSTANT AND VOWEL PAIRING REPETITION It’s complex exercise, the patient is asked to take a constant that s/he has trouble saying and then pair it with each of five vowels (a, e, i, o, u), example; if s/he trouble with the “r” sound, then practice saying (ra, re, ri, ro, ru) over and over. SENTENCE PRODUCTION It’s helpful in a patient with a normal cognitive side of language but has impaired lips and tongue coordination. Ask the patient to practice a sentence or two for one or two minutes. PHONOLOGICAL PROCESSING It’s improves the ability of patient to produce speech. A caregivers says different words, and the patient is guess the number of syllables in that word. Caregiver will provide feedback to tell whether the patient is right or wrong . The feedback is a part of the therapeutic exercise. WORD GAMES These exercise for adults patients used to improve language processing skills. Computer games, word searches, or crossword puzzles are the example to practice regularly to improve speech.
- 20. Speech disorders affect a person’s ability to produce sounds that create words. They are not the same as language disorders, which make it more difficult for people to learn words or understand what others are saying to them. Types of speech disorder include Stuttering , Apraxia, Dysarthria, Spasmodic dysphonia, Articulation errors, Ankyloglossia (Tongue-tie), Selective mutism, Aphasia. Speech disorders can affect a person’s self- esteem and their overall quality of life, speech therapy, breathing exercise , speech therapy exercise etc. can help improve speech and reduce symptoms.