Spherule Diagrams: A Matrix-based Set Visualization Compared with Euler Diagrams
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This document summarizes research on developing a novel visual method called Spherule diagrams to analyze relationships between large and complex datasets. Spherule diagrams represent sets as spheres and relationships between sets and elements at two levels. The researchers designed and evaluated Spherule diagrams against Euler diagrams with 30 participants. Participants found Spherule diagrams easier to understand and navigate, with better layout and order. The researchers concluded Spherule diagrams are more well-matched, well-formed and aesthetic than Euler diagrams for visualizing complex set relationships. Future work aims to improve Spherule diagrams and further evaluate their effectiveness.
Spherule Diagrams: A Matrix-based Set Visualization Compared with Euler Diagrams
- 1. Mithileysh Sathiyanarayanan and Donato Pirozzi University of Brighton, UK and University of Salerno, Italy ICGCIoT 2015 Delhi, India Contact: M.Sathiyanarayanan@brighton.ac.uk
- 2. The main aim of this research is to develop a novel visual method which can significantly improve the analysis of set relationships by improving complexity and layout issues.
- 3. As the datasets increase in size, they often tend to become difficult to manually examine and visual tools for supporting the large data are not effective which is a real- world problem. In particular, data analysts are currently not supported when they wish to visualize large and complex set relationships.
- 4. Developed a novel visual method to improve set relationship analysis; Designed, evaluated and compared Spherule diagrams with Euler diagrams.
- 5. A Spherule diagram is a set visualization tool, matrix-based method, which is similar to ConSet and UpSet in representing relationships between sets and elements. We considered two separate levels in visualizing sets and data items relationships: set level and element level.
- 6. Example of (a) non-wellmatched Euler diagram (b) non-wellformed Euler diagram (c) Spherule diagram
- 8. Diagrams were drawn using the software Inkscape. 30 participants from Count on Us company in Bangalore, India were randomly selected for the study. 22 of the participants were males, 8 females, and their age varied from 25 to 48 years with 36.5 years as the mean value for their age. Next, all participants were asked questions based on the visualisations. Diagrams drawn were randomised for the participants.
- 9. Comparing Euler Diagram and Spherule diagrams without elements Are the sports in an alphabetical order? How many regions does SKATING have? Which sport has four regions?
- 10. Euler Diagram Spherule Diagram
- 11. Comparing Euler Diagram and Spherule diagrams with elements Some people interested in CRICKET are also interested in FOOTBALL? (set intersection) All people interested in CRICKET are also interested in BASKETBALL? (Set inclusion) No people interested in FOOTBALL are interested in BASKETBALL? (set disjointness)
- 12. Euler Diagram Spherule Diagram
- 13. 1)Which one is simple and easy to understand? 2) Which one is easy to navigate based on the previous questions? 3)Which one has a better layout? 4) Do you prefer set labels to be in an alphabetical order? 5) Overall, which one do you prefer? Explain why you think the diagram will be more useful and appropriate for representing data.
- 15. Wellmatchedness: Compared to Euler diagrams, Spherule diagrams are wellmatched, where the spatial relationships between the spheres precisely reflect the set relations. Wellformedness: Compared to Euler diagrams, Spherule diagrams can be represented easily without breaking any properties.
- 16. Aesthetics: Compared to Euler diagrams’ curve crossing, Spherule diagrams does not have any spheres crossing and there is no loss of information. The other positives about the Spherule diagrams are simple in construction (not complex), easy to navigate, no clutter, set labels are in alphabetical order and regions are numbered sequentially.
- 17. We would like to improve Spherule diagrams by introducing graphs. Of course, other User Evaluation Studies are needed to further evaluate the visualisation efficiency and effectiveness. As practical work on Spherule diagrams, we are thinking of providing a web-based implementation.