spokenenglishatworkplace-130814075127-phpapp02.ppt

Editor's Notes

• #2: One of the reason Spoken English Learned Quickly students fail is because they feel they are too advanced for these lessons. "After all, "they think, "I have already studied English for two years, and I already know the meaning of these sentences. They are making the same mistake. They are confusing their understanding of grammar with their ability to speak. I have had these "advanced" students come to one class and then quit. Yet, they could not speak fluent English. Being proficient in English will also help you in job interviews and enable you to move ahead in your career, or even change direction.
• #3: Grammar-based English language instruction teaches as though spoken English is primarily a function of memory. Consequently, grammar-based English lessons emphasize non-verbal (written) studies of grammar, writing, reading, and listening. All of these activities may increase recall memory for written examinations, but they have little benefit in teaching you to speak fluent English. Tautologies -saying the same thing twice. (In my opinion, I think that , 3 a.m. in the morning , This is a short summary of , return back the book ; say it again once more ; To reiterate again) Techniques : Challenges Most English language learners have had access to some schooling in their native countries. Their school was probably very teacher-directed. Learners were expected to be quiet and listen to the teacher and then, when asked, to respond to the teacher in unison with the one correct answer. Because of this, some adult English language learners may be initially disconcerted when their English teacher begins asking them to get up and move around, work in pairs or groups, and talk to one another. It also may be difficult for learners to realize that there can be more than one correct response to a question and many ways to ask a question. However, many, if not most, learners adapt and prosper with increased interactivity and independence.
• #4: * Proprioceptive refers to the sense within the organism itself which detects or controls the movement and location. Our mouth, vocal cords, diaphragm, and lungs incorporate thousands of nerve sensors which the brain uses to control the movement and position of these same organs—the mouth, vocal cords, diaphragm, and lungs. The brain : It is the storage bank for vocabulary. Memory is also involved in structuring syntax. The mind uses both auditory and proprioceptive feedback to monitor and calibrate speech in real time. The mouth and related organs : 1. The proprioceptive sense is involved in both pronunciation and syntax feedback. It is essential for speech control The Ear: Auditory and proprioceptive feedback are combined in the mind for essential speech control.
• #5: Let's go back to the golf or tennis coach example. You watch the coach hit a few practice balls. Then the coach hands you the club or racket. The coach guides you through a swing, telling you to drop this shoulder or extend that forearm. Soon you can execute the swing perfectly, if you fully concentrate on each movement. You then practice the swing, and your game improves. A few years later a novice admires your excellent swing and asks you to explain how you do it. "I don't know," you say, "I just do it without thinking about it.“ In the cognitive stage, you observe the target motor skill. In the associative stage, you learn to perform and refine the motor skill. 3.In the autonomous stage, the motor skill becomes automatic.
• #6: Let's go back to the golf or tennis coach example. You watch the coach hit a few practice balls. Then the coach hands you the club or racket. The coach guides you through a swing, telling you to drop this shoulder or extend that forearm. Soon you can execute the swing perfectly, if you fully concentrate on each movement. You then practice the swing, and your game improves. A few years later a novice admires your excellent swing and asks you to explain how you do it. "I don't know," you say, "I just do it without thinking about it."
• #7: Make sure that you pronounce the twisters slowly. Once comfortable, then you may speed up. Practice them for a good command on the language and pronunciation  If possible, then make sure that some one good in English listens to the pronunciation.  For example the difference in sounds of "sa" and "sha" in "same" and "shame". It helps in getting our mouths properly stretched while speaking words.
• #8: Prosody The patterns of rhythm and sound used in poetry. The theory or study of these patterns, or the rules governing them.
• #10: NOTE: The trick is in knowing whether the subject is singular or plural. The next trick is recognizing a singular or plural verb. Singular Subject ----> verb stem plus S, it fits, he sits, etc. Plural subject ----> verb stem without s, they sit, they work, etc Writing is instead of are (and was instead of were) or vice versa, is a serious mistake in English grammar. Example : Each of the students is responsible for doing his or her work in the library. Everyone has finished his or her homework. Trivia : Is “data” singular or plural? There is a debate about the word “data”! Technically, data is plural (the singular form is “datum”). However, in common usage, people often treat “data” like “information” – as an uncountable noun, which takes the singular form. So both forms are correct: “The data is accurate” and “The data are accurate.” The pronouns neither and either are singular and require singular verbs even though they seem to be referring, in a sense, to two things. Neither of the two traffic lights is working. Which shirt do you want for Christmas? Either is fine with me.
• #11: Does/have Is Has Haven't Are Are Gives Are Is is
• #14: TRIVIA : Did you know ? The first published English grammar was a Pamphlet for Grammar of 1586, written by William Bullokar with the stated goal of demonstrating that English was just as rule- based as Latin. FOR to mention a specific period (or duration) of time. SINCE to mention the starting point of a period of time (continues to now). Example : I have been a doctor for fifteen years. (duration = 15 years) I have been a doctor since 1992. (starting point = 1994)
• #15: Note : “at” tells us where an object is and “to” indicates another location. example : We arrived at the airport We came back to home “ in” is used to talk about continents ; cities and towns example : He was born in USA “ about” and “around” are used to determine or express approximate quantity
• #17: I believe that here in the United States, most people say: (a) Walk on the street. = Walk on the SIDEWALK.  (b) Walk in the street. = You are literally (actually) walking in the area used by automobiles. Mothers will often warn their children: Don't play in the street!
• #20: Correct: I haven’t seen a movie in a long time. (American English) NOTE : After negatives and superlatives in can be used to talk about duration. 2. Note : The comparative adjectives inferior, superior, senior, junior, anterior and posterior are followed by to instead of than. 3. Note : The preposition to is used to introduce the indirect direct. 4. Note :Correct: I shall explain this to them. Some verbs are followed by two objects – a direct object (person) and an indirect object (thing) . The direct object is the pronoun this and the indirect object is the pronoun them. 5.Note : “to” is used for movement or direction. 6. The verbs discuss, enter, marry, lack, resemble, reach and approach are followed by direct objects without prepositions. 7. When ask is followed by two objects, the indirect object (the person) usually comes first, without a preposition. 8. Use on when the meaning is clearly ‘on top of’. Examples are: on the table, on the desk, on the floor, on a horse etc. Use in when ‘on top of’ is not appropriate. Examples are: in an aeroplane (US in an airplane), in a car, in a train etc. 10. Beside means ‘by the side of’ and besides means ‘in addition to’. 13. Correct: What were you doing at the weekend? (British English) Correct: What were you doing on the weekend? (American English)
• #21: Correct: I haven’t seen a movie in a long time. (American English) The prepositions at/on/in are not normally used in expressions of time before next, last, this, one, any, each, every, some, all etc. 12. In and within (time) - In means at the end of a certain period; within means before the end of a certain period. 13. Between and among :We use between to say that somebody or something is between two or more clearly separate objects. Among is used with more than two people or things.
• #22: Objective : To make the students speak in public places, so as to take out the fear of public speaking/Seminars within him/her. T This exercise sounds simple, but it's the most dangerous of all. It is seen that most of the students shiver before getting called on the stage for their turn to speak. The basic aim is to boost the confidence level of the speakers for public speaking. The key is practice and consistency. Use the picture to develop story skill-building activities The students learn to make a sentence and put them in order. The activity also helps to build vocabulary. The teacher should model a learner’s words correctly (e.g. changing incorrect number, pronoun reference, or verb form) because students want to use English correctly and that writing down mistakes reinforces the mistake. Note: Each member of the whole group can make a comment. In some groups it might be most effective to go around the room in order, assuming that all will respond. You can also ask for volunteers and in more multilevel groups, the more proficient or confident learners might share first, giving the other learners more time to think and to pattern their responses after the other students.
• #23: Rule 3 : The more quickly you will learn to speak fluently. Your goal is to retrain your mind, hearing, and mouth to understand and use English correctly. Reading aloud from a newspaper is one of the best ways to accomplish that. The more you speak Eng- lish aloud, the more quickly you will learn to speak fluently Ideally, if you used only correct syntax and pronunciation, you could retrain your speech in considerably less time. Consequently, you would learn to speak fluent English more quickly.
• #24: When you've mastered English Grammar at a very slow speaking rate , then while staying fluent. The goal is fluent, automatic, effortless, normal-sounding and normal-rate speech. Slow speech is not the goal of stuttering therapy. Appropriate subjects for small talk : Try to find something that you are both interested in, or something that you have in common. Example : I see you’re reading the cricket results, did you catch last game on TV? Inappropriate subjects for small talk : a) Keep things light, avoid discussing religion or politics or making people feel like you know better or more than they do. Example : So, which do you think is the best religion? b) Don’t ask questions that are too personal. Example : Tell me Bob , how much money do you earn here? c) Try not to make criticisms. Example : What do you think of the company’s ridiculous decision to promote John in Sales? A Warning! Don’t ask too many questions all in a row in case you sound nosey or as if you’re interrogating the person that you‘re talking to, that could make them feel uncomfortable. How to finish ‘small talk’.End the conversation with something nice. ‘It was lovely to meet you’, ‘it was nice talking to you today’, ‘have a great day’, or ‘let’s catch up another time’.
• #25: Names are important! Introduce yourself clearly and pay attention when the other person gives you their name. . Remembering someone’s name makes the other person feel important and will make small talk so much easier next time you meet them. Here’s a tip for how to remember someone’s name. When the person tells you their name, use it a few times straight away in your conversation – that will help you commit it to memory. For example: Nice to meet you Mike. Tell me, Mike, do you …. It’s interesting you should say that Mike ….. Make sure that you share some information about yourself. Find a good balance between conversation about you and your interests and the other person and their interests. That way both parties will enjoy the conversation.
• #26: 1. Maintain Personal space is the distance that feels comfortable between people when they meet and talk. The distance varies depending on the relationship between people, how well they know each other. It also varies from culture to culture. Inconvenience 1. Financial Asking personal financial questions of people that you have just met is inappropriate. It is fine to ask what someone does or what he likes about his career, but do not ask how much he makes. Most people will find this question intrusive and inappropriate 2. Politics The problem with talking about politics is that you never know who in the crowd may have strong opinions. Stay away from this topic unless you want to risk ending up in the middle of a heated conversation. 3. Religion Religion is another extremely personal and potentially sensitive topic that should be avoided. 4. Sex Talking about sex or asking questions of an intimate nature is inappropriate. When talking with strangers, avoid talking openly about sex or making sexual innuendos. Both are likely to make others uncomfortable. 5. Death Death is another heavy topic that should be avoided during small talk. Remember that you are in the company of strangers and this is not the appropriate time to bring up emotional topics that have the potential to be upsetting. 6. Age and Appearance If you have just met someone, do not ask her age. Although the question might seem simple to you, it can be a hot topic for some. You never know the reason for weight gain or loss, and could be left in an uncomfortable situation. Unless you know someone well, avoid these types of topics. 7. Personal Gossip While celebrity gossip is fair game during small talk, gossip about people that you know personally is not. Gossipping about others not only paints you in a bad light, but you never know who might know each other. Stay away from bad-mouthing others. 8. Offensive jokes Save your off-colour jokes for your best friends (or better yet, replace them with clean jokes). Making sexist or racist jokes is offensive and a quick way to end a conversation with strangers. 9. Narrow Topics Although you will want to tell interesting stories at some point during small talk, avoid talking at length about topics that are one-sided. If no-one else has seen the movie, don't go into detail about the plot or the funny scenes. Watch for signs that others have lost interest and find a quick ending to your story. 10. Past Relationships If on a first date, avoid talking about past relationships. Making comparisons or talking endlessly about a past love is a sure turn-off and a quick way to ensure you don't get a second date.
• #31: Notes : A buzzword (also known as a fashion word or vogue word) is an idiom, commonly used in managerial, technical, administrative, and sometimes political environments. Buzzwords are often used to make people think that one knows more than one actually does. This is why they are so popular in the corporate environment :) Nevertheless, these words are used very often by managers ….just don't use them too much!
• #32: A preposition is a word that shows the relation between a word and a noun or a pronoun 25 Most Common Prepositions Of ,in, to,for,with,on,at,from,by,about,as, into, like, through, after, over, between, out, against, during, without, Before, under, around, among To reckon from a particular date, we use since. Examples are: since last year, since Friday, since morning etc. For is used with a period of time. Examples are: for two hours, for two months etc. Incorrect: It was the worst storm since ten years. Correct: It was the worst storm in ten years. Correct: It was the worst storm for ten years. When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on. I went to London last June. (not in last June) He's coming back next Tuesday. (not on next Tuesday) I go home every Easter. (not at every Easter) We'll call you this evening. (not in this evening)
• #33: Welcoming and Introducing Please join me in welcoming (name of participant) It's a pleasure to welcome (name of participant) We're pleased to welcome (name of participant) My topic today is . . . The focus of my remarks is . . . Stating the Principal Objectives I’d like to make sure that we .. Let's start with . . . Let's start by . . . i. Introducing the First Item on the Agenda So, let's start with ... I'd suggest we start with... Why don't we start with... So, the first item on the agenda is Pete, would you like to kick off? Shall we start with ... (name of participant), would you like to introduce this item? ii. Next Item Let's move onto the next item Now that we've discussed X, let's now ... The next item on today's agenda is... Now we come to the question of….. iii. Closing an Item I think that takes care of the first item. Shall we leave that item? Why don't we move on to... If nobody has anything else to add, lets ... .
• #34: Moving Forward So, if there is nothing else we need to discuss, let's move on to today's agenda. Shall we get down to business? Is there Any Other Business? If there are no further developments, I'd like to move on to today's topic.
• #35: Moving Forward So, if there is nothing else we need to discuss, let's move on to today's agenda. Shall we get down to business? Is there Any Other Business? If there are no further developments, I'd like to move on to today's topic.