Advanced contents
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This document provides an introduction and overview to a book about advanced English grammar. It includes: 1) A preface stating that the book is designed to facilitate advanced English study using English as the medium, covering listening, speaking, reading, writing and grammar structures. 2) A list of abbreviations used in the book. 3) An outline of the book's contents which covers topics like sentence structure, sentence patterns, parts of speech, clauses and punctuation. 4) A concluding biography of the author.
Advanced contents
- 1. I Preface This book is designed facilitate the study of advanced English, using only in English as mediums. It offers explanations about English grammatical structure, and practicing skills included the four skills of learning such as listening, speaking, reading, writing, which emphasized on reading, writing, and comprehension sentences forms that have vocabularies, and sentences structures related with document in using for studies. The book is also serving as a handbook for teachers who want to teach grammatical structure of English in advanced. The author feels very proud that the University especially MCU. Raikhing class faculty of society has published the book, giving him another chance to serve the University and its executive board and the leadership of the most venerable rector. (Phramaha Yota Chaiworamankul) Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya University Raikhing Class, Nakornpathom, Thailand 1/1/ 2010
- 2. II List of Abbreviations A.D. Anno Domoni (Christian Year) e.g. Exempli Gratia EU Europe Cpt Chapter Comp Compendium of Philosophy EB Encyclopaedia of English Language ed. edited ESL English as a Second Language etc. et cetera/ and others Ibid ibiden/ in the same book i.e. that is to say IT. International Technology PR Personal Reception MCU Mahachulalongkornrajavidyalaya n. Noun Op.cit opera citato/ as referred p(p). page(s) pl. plural Sing. Singular tr. translated vol(s) volume(s) SCANS Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills
- 3. III US United State of America
- 4. IV Contents Page Preface I List of Abbreviations II Contents IV Chapter 1 1 Background of the History of English Language 1 Phonemic 1 Morphemic 1 Syntactic 2 Semantic 2 Lexical 2 The Importance of English language 3 Chapter 2 6 Sentence structure 6 Basic Sentence Structure 6 Sentence Structure 6 Subjects and Predicates 9 Subject 9 Predicate 9 Direct Object 10 Indirect Object 10 Subject Complement 10 Summing Up Sentence Pattern 11
- 5. V Basic Sentence Patterns 11 Tenses 11 Other 12 Exercise 12 Chapter 3 15 Sentence Patterns 15 Verb of Being Patterns 15 Linking Verb Pattern 15 Action Verb Pattern 15 The Ten Sentence Patterns 16 Exercise 20 Chapter 4 23 Elements of Sentence Structuring 23 Table Chart of Parts of Speech 23 Subject 24 Predicate 25 Phrases 27 Clauses 27 Independent Clauses and Dependent Clauses 28 Compounding Sentence Elements 28 Words 28 Phrases 29 Clauses 29 Avoiding Fragments 29 Avoiding Comma Splices and Fused Sentences 30 Error #1: The Comma Splice 30 Error #2: The Fused Sentence 31 Sentence Types and Punctuation 32 A Compound Sentence 33 A Complex Sentence 33 A Compound-Complex Sentence 34 Punctuation Patterns 34 Connectors—Compound and Complex Sentences 34
- 6. VI A dependent (subordinate) Clause may be introduced by: 35 Punctuations 35 Preposition 35 Conjunction 35 Transition 36 Review: Punctuation Marks 36 Apostrophe 36 Parentheses 38 Dash 38 Italics (underlining) 39 Quotation Marks 39 Quotation: 41 The Value of Punctuation 41 Table Chart of Punctuation Marks 42 English Tips 44 Exercise 44 Chapter 5 50 Expansion of Phrases to Clauses 50 What are Phrases and Clauses? 50 How Can We Identify Phrases and Clauses? 50 Five Basic Structures of Simple Sentences 51 Samples of Patterns Expanded with Clauses and Phrases 52 Subject/Verb expanded with a dependent relative clause and a 53 prepositional phrase:
- 7. VII Subject/Verb/Object expanded with a participial phrase: 53 Subject/Verb/Object expanded with a dependent adverbial clause: 53 Subject/Verb/Object expanded with a dependent relative clause: 53 Subject/Verb/Object expanded with all of the above: 53 A Guide to Phrases and Clauses 53 Phrases 54 Clauses 54 Chapter 6 56 Sentence Pattern Transformations 56 Transform to Passive Voice 56 To Create the Transformation 56 Transform to the Expletive there is / there are 57 Transform to Cleft/Divide 58 Method 1 58 Method 2 59 Past Tense 60 Present Tense 60 Past Tense 60 Transform to Negative 61 To Create the Negative Transformation 61 Transform to Interrogative with yes-no Answer 62 Transform to Interrogative 63 Interrogative Words 64 Transform to Emphasis / Emphatic 66 Transform to Imperative 66 Transform to Exclamatory 67 Answer the Question Active and Passive 69 Chapter 7 70 Clause and Sentence Structure 70 The Simple Sentence 70
- 8. VIII The Compound Sentence 71 Special Cases of Compound Sentences 72 Compound-Complex 72 The Complex Sentence 73 Terminology 73 English Learning Tip 74 Chapter 8 76 Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Phrases 77 Time: Since, After, and Before 77 General Rules 77 Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Phrases (continuous) 77 Time: While (during the same time) 78 Cause and Effect 78 Time + Cause & Effect: Upon -ing / On –ing 78 Adverb clauses 79 Part 1: Adverb Clauses 79 1. Introduction 79 Time 79 Cause and effect 79 Opposition 79 Condition 80 2. Time relationships with adverb clauses 80
- 9. IX 3. Cause and effect relationships with adverb clauses Because 81 Since 81 Now that 81 As 81 As/so long as 81 Inasmuch as (very formal) 81 Part 2: Other ways of showing cause and effect relationships 81 1. Such … that and so … that 81 Using “In order to” 81 Using: So …that 83 Using: “because of” and “due to” 84 Using “therefore” 84 Part 3: Reduction of Adverb Clauses to Modifying Phrases 85 1. Changing time clauses to modifying phrases 85 Adverb clause 85 Modifying phrase 85 2. Expressing the idea of “During the same time” in 86 Modifying phrases: 3. Expressing cause and effect relationships in 86 Modifying phrases Chapter 9 88 The Four Skills of English Language 88 Introduction 88
- 10. X Module Group 89 English Tip 89 Listening Skills 90 Why You Need Good Listening Skills 90 How to Listen Well 91 Barriers to Listening 91 Listening Starts Early 91 What is active listening? 92 Noise Distraction and Learning Styles 93 Noise Distraction and Personality Type 93 Avoiding Noise Distraction 94 Listening Comprehension Skill 95 Listening Situations 95 Micro-Skills 95 Speaking Skills 96 Speaking Situations 96 Micro-skills (Speaking) 97 Why We Need Good Speaking Skills 98 How to Speak English Well 98 How to Improve Our English Speaking 99 What is Active Speaking? 99 English Tips 101
- 11. XI Reading Skills 101 Micro-Skills (Reading) 101 Why Is Reading Important? 103 How to Read Well? 105 Three Habits Acquired When We Learned to Read 105 To Go into Alpha Brainwave State 106 Basic Rules of Reading Faster 106 Go into Alpha Brainwave State 106 Preview 106 Overview 107 Read 107 Summary 107 Writing Skills 108 Micro-Skills (Writing) 108 Why We Need Good Writing Skills 109 How to write Well? 110 Support Our Effort to Write Good English with Observation 111 Chapter 10 112 Writing Essays and Summaries 112 Introduction 112 The Basic Paragraph 112 The Short Essay 113 The Simple Essay 113
- 12. XII Introducing: 115 Prewriting: 115 Organization of Paragraph Form 115 What is a paragraph? 115 Title 115 What is a sentence? S+V.... 116 Capitalization five rules: 116 Exercise 117 Bibliography 122 Appendix 1 126 Appendix 2 130 Biography 130