Sql statements function join
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This document summarizes SQL statements, functions, and joins. It defines SQL as a programming language for managing relational databases and describes common SQL statements like DDL, DML, and DCL. It also outlines functions like aggregate functions to return single calculated values and scalar functions to modify values. Finally, it explains join operations to combine data from multiple tables based on common fields.
Sql statements function join
- 2. NikhilDevS.B nikhildevsb@gmail.com www.facebook.com/nikhildevsb TwitterProfile www.linkedin.com/nikhildevsb Typing speed: 24 wpm. SQL STATEMENTS , FUNCTIONS AND JOINS
- 3. Disclaimer: This presentation is prepared by trainees of baabtra.com as a part of mentoring program. This is not official document of baabtra.com – Mentoring Partner
- 4. SQL Structured Query Language SQL is Special purpose programming language designed for managing data held in Relational Data Base Management System(RDBMS)
- 5. SQL STATEMENTS • Data Definition Language (DDL) - Define database structure/schema. • Data Manipulation Language (DML) -Manipulation on table data. Query one or more tables. • Data Control Language (DCL) -Set database permissions and privileges.
- 6. DDL Statements are : CRAETE ALTER DROP TRUNCATE DML Statements are : INSERT SELECT UPDATE DELETE DCL Statements GRANT ROLLBACK REVOKE
- 7. Tables in SQL PName Price Category Manufacturer Gizmo $19.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks Powergizmo $29.99 Gadgets GizmoWorks SingleTouch $149.99 Photography Canon MultiTouch $203.99 Household Hitachi Product Attribute/field/ column Table name Tuples or rows
- 8. DDL Commands • CREATE - To create objects in data base. o CREATE DATABASE <database name>; E.g. CREATE DATABASE db_student; o CREATE TABLE tablename ( field1 datatype, field2 datatype ); E.g. CREATE TABLE tbl_student(vchr_name varchar(20),int_roll int); vchr_name int_roll NULL NULL
- 9. • ALTER – Alter the structure of database. i.e., to add or drop columns on existing table. ALTER TABLE tablename ADD column datatype;//add column ALTER TABLE tablename DROP column; //delete a column E.g. ALTER TABLE tbl_student ADD int_mark int; //added new column mark of type integer E.g. ALTER TABLE tbl_student DROP int_mark; //deleted mark vchr_name int_roll int_mark NULL NULL NULL
- 10. • TRUNCATE – To remove all records from table. TRUNCATE TABLE tablename; E.g. TRUNCATE TABLE tbl_student; • RENAME - to rename a table RENAME TABLE oldname TO newname’; E.g. RENAME TABLE tbl_student TO tbl_studentrecord;
- 11. DML Commands • INSERT – Add data into the table. insert into table_name values(data1,data2,...); insert into tbl_student values(‘john’, 11); tbl_student vchr_name int_roll john 11
- 12. • UPDATE – to update a value in a table. UPDATE table_name SET column_name=value WHERE condition. E.g. UPDATE tbl_student set vchr_name=‘james’ where chr_name=‘john’; vchr_name int_roll steve 10 james 11 vchr_name int_roll steve 10 john 11 Before update After update
- 13. • DELETE – to delete a row from table. DELETE FROM tablename ; DELETE from tbl_student where chr_name=‘james’; pk_id vchr_name int_roll 1 steve 10 2 james 11 Before deletion After deletion pk_id vchr_name int_roll 1 steve 10
- 14. • SELECT – Retrieve data from database. SELECT column FROM tablename; E.g1. SELECT * FROM tbl_student; //gives all columns of table pk_id vchr_name int_roll 1 steve 10 2 James 11 E.g2. SELECT pk_id,vchr_name FROM tbl_student; //gives specified columns of table pk_id vchr_name 1 steve 2 james
- 16. Aggregate Functions Function that returns a single value, calculated from values in column. • SUM() – returns sum of column. • COUNT() – returns number of rows. • AVG() – returns average value of column. • MIN() – returns smallest value of column. • MAX() – returns largest value of column. • LAST() – returns the last value. • FIRST() – returns the first value.
- 17. Use of aggregate functions. SELECT avg(emp_count), sum(emp_count), max(emp_count) min(emp_count), count(emp_count) from tbl_employee; brnch_num brnch_name region_num emp_count 108 New york 100 10 110 Boston 100 6 21 Chicago 200 5 404 San Diego 400 6 415 San jose 400 3 avg(emp_count) sum(emp_count) max(emp_count) min(emp_count) count(emp_count) 6 30 10 3 5
- 18. Scalar Functions Function that returns a single value, based on input value. • UCASE() – converts a field to upper case. • LCASE() - converts a field to lower case. • LEN() – returns the length of a text filed. • ROUND() – rounds a numeric field to number of decimal specified SELECT UCASE(column_name) FROM table_name;
- 19. JOIN OPERATION Combine rows from two or more tables, based on a common field between them. • INNER JOIN (SIMPLE JOIN OR JOIN) – Returns rows when there is a match in both tables • OUTER JOIN –Returns all the rows of both table whether it has matched or not -LEFT OUTER JOIN (LEFT JOIN) – Returns all rows from left table and matched rows from right table. - RIGHT OUTER JOIN (RIGHT JOIN)- Returns all rows from right table and matched rows from left table
- 20. Pk_emp_id vchr_emp_name vchr_company 1 James Dell 2 John Sony 3 Albert Hp Pk_desig_id vchr_desig 1 System engineer 2 Tester 4 Tech support Tbl_emp Tbl_empdesig SELECT * FROM tbl_emp JOIN tbl_empdesig on tbl_emp.pk_emp_id=tbl_empdesig.pk_desig_id Pk_emp_id vchr_emp_name vchr_company Pk_desig_id vchr_desig 1 James Delll 1 System engineer 2 john Sony 2 Tester E.g. JOIN Common value
- 21. LEFT OUTER JOIN Pk_emp_id vchr_emp_name Chr_company 1 James Dell 2 John Sony 3 Albert Hp Pk_desig_id vchr_desig 1 System engineer 2 Tester 4 Tech support Tbl_emp Tbl_empdesig SELECT * FROM tbl_emp LEFT JOIN tbl_empdesig on tbl_emp.pk_emp_id=tbl_empdesig.pk_desig_id Pk_emp_id vchr_emp_name vchr_company Pk_desig_id vchr_desig 1 James Delll 1 System engineer 2 john Sony 2 Tester 3 Albert Hp Null null
- 22. RIGHT OUTER JOIN Pk_emp_id vchr_emp_name vchr_company 1 James Dell 2 John Sony 3 Albert Hp Pk_desig_id vchr_desig 1 System engineer 2 Tester 4 Tech support Tbl_emp Tbl_empdesig SELECT * FROM tbl_emp RIGHT JOIN tbl_empdesig on tbl_emp.pk_emp_id=tbl_empdesig.pk_desig_id Pk_emp_id vchr_emp_name vchr_company Pk_desig_id vchr_desig 1 James Delll 1 System engineer 2 john Sony 2 Tester null null null 4 Tech suport
- 23. Thank you...
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