SQL_Introduction_PresentatioFDFdfFfn.pptx
- 1. Introduction to SQL Structured Query Language Overview By Pradyumn Vibhandik
- 2. What is SQL? • SQL stands for Structured Query Language • Used to store, retrieve, and manipulate data in relational databases • Enables operations such as creating, updating, and querying databases
- 3. SQL Language Categories • 1. DML – Data Manipulation Language • 2. DDL – Data Definition Language • 3. DCL – Data Control Language • 4. TCL – Transaction Control Language
- 4. DML – Data Manipulation Language • Used to manipulate records in a table • Commands: • - SELECT: Retrieve records • - INSERT: Add new records • - UPDATE: Modify records • - DELETE: Remove records
- 5. DDL – Data Definition Language • Used to define and modify database structure • Commands: • - CREATE: Create database or table • - ALTER: Modify existing structure • - DROP: Delete database or table
- 6. DCL – Data Control Language • Manages permissions and access control • Commands: • - GRANT: Give user access • - REVOKE: Remove access
- 7. TCL – Transaction Control Language • Manages transactions and data integrity • Commands: • - BEGIN: Starts a transaction • - COMMIT: Saves the transaction • - ROLLBACK: Reverts the transaction
- 8. SQL Database Commands • CREATE DATABASE database_name; • DROP DATABASE database_name;
- 9. Creating a Table • CREATE TABLE Students ( • ID INT PRIMARY KEY, • Name VARCHAR(100), • Age INT, • Grade VARCHAR(10) • );
- 10. SQL Clauses & Keywords (1/2) • SELECT: Retrieve data • FROM: Specify the table • WHERE: Filter records • ORDER BY: Sort results
- 11. SQL Clauses & Keywords (2/2) • GROUP BY: Group rows by value • HAVING: Filter grouped records
- 12. UPDATE Example • UPDATE Students • SET Age = 20 • WHERE ID = 1;
- 13. Window Functions • Perform calculations across related rows • Do not aggregate rows like GROUP BY • Examples: • - ROW_NUMBER(), RANK(), DENSE_RANK() • - SUM(), AVG(), MAX() over a window
- 14. Ranking Example • SELECT Name, Grade, • RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY Grade ORDER BY Age DESC) AS RankByAge • FROM Students;
- 15. Running Total Example • SELECT Name, Grade, Marks, • SUM(Marks) OVER (PARTITION BY Grade ORDER BY Name) AS RunningTotal • FROM Students;
- 16. Average Example • SELECT Name, Grade, Age, • AVG(Age) OVER (PARTITION BY Grade) AS AvgAgePerGrade • FROM Students;
- 17. Max Value Example • SELECT Name, Grade, Marks, • MAX(Marks) OVER (PARTITION BY Grade) AS MaxMarksInGrade • FROM Students;
- 18. Thank You • Questions? • Contact: pradyumnvibhandik01@gmail.com • LinkedIn: linkedin.com/in/pradyumn- vibhandik