Staclim2016
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This document summarizes research applying time domain electromagnetic (TDEM) and magnetic gradiometer techniques to locate water leakage from buried iron pipes in Sungai Klah, Perak, Malaysia. The study aims to 1) locate leakage sites along distribution pipes and 2) demonstrate the potential of integrated geophysical methods to solve similar problems. Magnetic gradiometer and TDEM surveys were conducted over pipe locations. Magnetic gradiometer was able to map the iron pipes and identify leakage sites, while TDEM detected a relatively deep conductive anomaly possibly unrelated to leakage at the site. The research concludes these geophysical methods can successfully locate leakage positions and determine leakage sites to address water waste and loss of resources.
Staclim2016
- 1. Application of time domain electromagnetic and magnetic gradiometer techniques to delineate water leakage site along buried iron pipe at Sungai Klah, Perak, Malaysia Amin E. Khalil1,2, Mohd Nawawi1, Karl Wagner3, Hassan Baioumy4, John S. Kayode1, Kehinde Ishola5, Abdullahi Abdul Rahman1 and Mohd Hariri Aiffin1 1 Geophysics Group, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Penang, 11800. 2 Geology Dept., Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt, 11795 3 UniKL, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 4 Dept. of Geoscience, Universiti Technologi Petronas, Malaysia. 5 The university of Lagos, Department of Geosciences, Akoka, Lagos, Nigeria. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 2. Water is life. Wise control of water distribution through pipes for urban and industrial purposes is vital. At the study area, water consumption as deduced from water bills is not realistic based on the predicted figure of water consumption. The problem encountered is not only the money wasted, but also the loss of vast amount of water as well. Water leakage STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 3. 1-Locate the water leakage site of the distribution pipes at the site of interest. 2- Demonstrate the potential of using integral geophysical tools to solve similar Problems. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 4. PETALING JAYA • Malaysians in several states are being hit by water rationing as a prolonged dry spell shows no signs of abating, with dams and lakes around the country drying up. (http://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysian-states-ration- water-as-dry-spell-persists) Malaysia has abundant water resources and adequate rainfall and yet the nation has water shortages and water quality problem. (Aini et al, 2009)ز Photo from Free Malaysia Today http://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/categ ory/opinion/2016/02/16/water-scarcity- getting-serious/ STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 5. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 6. Site of detailed surveying Pipes of different diameter extended to several hundred meters length. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 7. Geophysical Methods are proven successful to solve such problems because of its relative low cost and non-invasive nature. Number of Method are used, however, In the present work focus is shed to: 1- Vertical Magnetic Gradiometer, and 2- Transient Electromagnetic Method TDEM. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 8. Magnetic Gradiometer, is a technique that is characterized by simple field operations (No need for Base Station) and its ability to enhance the anomaly of near surface magnetic structures. The method is effective in mapping buried pipes made from Iron. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 9. Measurements were carried out for all the pipe locations. However, detailed survey analysis were carried at certain Locality after analysis of the preliminary data. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 10. Result of Detailed Survey STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 11. A method that is dependent on the magnetic induction phenomena. Conductive layers will allow show higher variable intensity eddy current which result in higher secondary magnetic field. The secondary field will produce higher voltage at the receiver loop. Transmitter Cycle Recorded voltage at the receiver STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 12. Instrument STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 13. Tdem Field Layout Single loop layout with side length of 10m is adopted for the present survey. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 14. Relatively Deep conductive anomaly. Possible not related to water leakage. Possible location of water leakage TDEM Result STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 15. Depth slice showing relatively deep conductive anomaly, possibly not related to water leakage at the site Tdem Results STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 16. Conclusions Water leakage from distribution is a serious threat to drinking water resources wise control. Geophysical methods can be used successfully to locate leakage positions. Vertical Magnetic Gradiometer is capable of mapping both the distribution pipes made from Iron and leakage sites. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
- 17. Conclusions TDEM method can be used efficiently to determine leakage sites. Tdem result delineate relatively deep anomaly that could be related to geothermal reservoir. STACLIM 2016, Sabah, Malaysia
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