Stages of child development
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This document outlines the key stages of child development from infancy through adolescence. It discusses development in three domains: physical, cognitive, and psychosocial. For each stage, it provides an overview of the typical physical growth and motor skills, cognitive abilities like language development and thought processes, and psychosocial milestones regarding personality, relationships, and independence. The stages covered are infancy, early childhood (ages 2-6), middle childhood (ages 7-11), and adolescence (ages 10-18).
Stages of child development
- 2. WxäxÄÉÑÅxÇà vÉâÄw ux wxy|Çxw tá Physical – measured by height/weight Cognitive – thinking/intellectual growth Psychosocial – relationships/relations/communication
- 3. Physical Development Brain and Nervous System The infant's experiences help to "fine-tune" the brain's responses to stimulation. Motor Abilities Brain maturation allows the development ofdevelopment of motor skills from reflexes to coordinated motor abilities, including grasping and walking.
- 4. Cognitive Development Cognitive Skills The infant progresses from knowing his or her worldonly through immediate experiences that helps her to "experiment" LanguageLanguage Babies’ cry is his or her first language
- 5. Psychosocial Development PersonalityDevelopmentPersonalityDevelopmentPersonalityDevelopmentPersonalityDevelopment The infant's transition from total dependence to increasing INDEPENDENCE. Understanding Self and Others attentive reactionsMuch more attentive to the reactions of others. ParentParentParentParent----Infant InteractionInfant InteractionInfant InteractionInfant Interaction Parents and infants respond to each other first by synchronizing their behavior.
- 7. g{x cÄtç lxtÜá ;Tzx E à{ÜÉâz{ I< PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Brain and Nervous System The brain develops faster than any other part of the body, attaining 90 percentof its adult weight90 percentof its adult weight Motor Abilities and Perception Large body movements, such as running and jumping, improve dramatically. Fine motor skills, such as writing and drawing, develop more slowly.
- 8. g{x cÄtç lxtÜá ;Tzx E à{ÜÉâz{ I< COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Cognitive Skills The child becomes increasingly able To use mental representation and SYMBOLS.and SYMBOLS. Language Language abilities develop rapidly; By age of 6, the average child knows 14,000 words and demonstrates extensive grammatical knowledge.
- 9. g{x cÄtç lxtÜá ;Tzx E à{ÜÉâz{ I< PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Personality Development The child to boldly and exuberantly initiates new activities. Understanding Self and Others ParentUnderstanding Self and Others Parent They engage in increasingly complex and imaginative types of play, sometimes by them selves and, increasingly, with others. Child Interaction As children become more independent and try to exercise more control over their environment, the parents' role in supervising the child's activities becomes more difficult.
- 10. The School Years (Age 7 through 11) PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Growth Increased strength and heart and lung capacity give children the endurance to improve their performance in skills suchimprove their performance in skills such as swimming and running. Motor Skills Slower growth might contribute to children's increasing control over their bodies.
- 11. The School Years (Age 7 through 11) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Concrete Operational Thought Children develop the ability to understand logical principles. An Information-Processing ViewAn Information-Processing View Children are able to organize their knowledge. Language Children's increasing ability to understand the structures and possibilities of language.
- 12. The School Years (Age 7 through 11) PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Personality Development Understanding of cause and effect and their awareness of the actions and attitudes of others make them more susceptible to reinforcement. The Peer GroupThe Peer Group The peer group becomes increasingly important to children. Social Systems and the Child Children are increasingly aware of, and involved in family life, as well as in the world outside the home, and therefore are more likely to feel the effects of family, economic, and political conditions.
- 13. Adolescence (Aged 10 through 18) PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT Physical Growth At some time between the ages of 9 and 14, pubertybegins with increases in malepubertybegins with increases in male and female hormone levels. Changes in Sex Organs and Secondary Sex Characteristics Toward the end of puberty, the young person's potential reproductive capacity
- 14. Adolescence (Aged 10 through 18) COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT Formal Operational Thought By the end of adolescence, many young people can understand and create usegeneral principles and use scientific reasoning. Adolescent Egocentrism Their feelings of invincibility and uniqueness may prompt them to underestimate risks, for example, with regard to sexual relationships and drug use.
- 15. Adolescence (Aged 10 through 18) PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT Identity Development of the young person's own sense of self. Peers The peer becomes increasinglyThe peer becomes increasingly important to "try out" new behaviors and explore different facets of their personality, and to interact with members of the opposite sex. Parent-Child Relationships Increased assertiveness or lack of self-discipline and self-control.
- 16. CDA’s Role in CD Understanding child is a priority. The child needs YOU. CD helps to empathize with the role ofempathize nature, in play, in his life. The child is your mirror.
- 17. The hardest job kids face today is learning Good Manners without seeing any. Franklin P. Jones