![o Education and occupatio
n
o Idiolect: personal dialect (see figure in 208
)
o Social marker: marks an individual as a
member of a particular group (in English [h]
dropping-lower class
)
o Speech style: formal and informa
l
o Style shifting: change from one to another
style (social marker and class difference)
11](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/language-210302110254/85/Standard-Language-11-320.jpg)
Standard Language
- 1. F E B R U A R Y 2 0 2 1 Standard Language 1 By ; Shatha Rashed
- 2. Standard language is an official form of language. This kind of form of languages are always artificially modified at least to some degree. Standard language is the way to use language in official and formal situation as in newspapers and public speeches. The core idea of standard language is to codify a public, particularly written language so that it is accessible to every speaker of the language to be used in education, media and science . What is a standard language? 2
- 3. o It was influential variet y o It was codifie d o It was establishe d o It was served high function s o Used for communication at cour t o Used for literatur e o It’s as result of social, economic, political influences 3 Characteristics Of Standard Language
- 4. Features o It’s recognised as prestigious variety or code by a community. o It’s used for high functions. o Standard English emerged naturally in the fifteenth century. 4
- 5. Dialect 5 ❖ IS ANY PARTICULAR FORM OF A LANGUAGE SPOKEN BY SOME GROUP OF PEOPLE . ❖ IN LITERATURE, “DIALECT” MEANS A FORM OF WRITING THAT SHOWS THE ACCENT AND THE WAY PEOPLE TALK IN A PARTICULAR REGION.
- 6. The Benefits And Risks Of Dialect 6 ❖ THE MAIN BENEFITS OF WRITING DIALECTARE IN DEVELOPING MORE REALISTIC AND LIFE-LIKE CHARACTERS AND SETTINGS. ITALLOWS YOUR READER TO IMAGINE EXACTLY HOWTHE CHARACTERS VOICE ‘S MIGHT SOUND AS THEY SPEAK. ❖ THERE ARE SEVERAL RISKS,THOUGH.THE MAIN ONE IS THAT IT CAN JUST BE CONFUSING! OFFENSIVE (IT CALLS ATTENTION TO THE FACT THAT SOME PEOPLE’S SPEECH IS “DIFFERENT” WHILE OTHER PEOPLE’S SPEECH IS CONSIDERED “NORMAL.) OR DISTRACTING.
- 7. The Differences between standard language and dialect 7 ❖ STANDARD LANGUAGE HAS A HUGE SPEAKER AND EXPANDED LANGUAGE AREA. WHILE DIALECT HAS A SMALL LANGUAGE AREA WITH LESS SPEAKERS . ❖ IMPLICIT DIFFERENCES CAN BE SEEN IN PRONUNCIATION STYLE, VOCABULARY AND ALSO IN SENTENCE STRUCTURE . ❖ A STANDARD LANGUAGE IS APPREHENSIVE FOR ALL DIALECT SPEAKERS WHERE DIALECT IS NOT. ❖ STANDARD LANGUAGE CAN BE USED IN EVERY FIELD BUT DIALECT HAS LIMITATION IN USE.
- 8. The Differences between standard language and dialect 8 ❖ PEOPLE FOLLOW STANDARD LANGUAGE IN THEIR WRITING SYSTEM BUT THERE IS NO USE OF DIALECT IN WRITTEN LANGUAGE(IF IT USE IT CANNOT BE APPROVED BY SOCIETY . ❖ STANDARD LANGUAGE IS UNBIASED COMPARING DIALECT FOR PUBLIC OR COMMON USE. BUT DIALECT HAS MORE VARIATION THAN STANDARD . ❖ DIALECT IS NOT APPROVED IN FORMAL SITUATION BUT STANDARD FORM CAN BE USED IN BOTH FORMAL AND INFORMAL SITUATIONS.
- 9. The Differences between standard language and dialect 9 ❖ STANDARD LANGUAGE IS CONSIDERED AS A PRESTIGIOUS LANGUAGE BY SOCIETY WHILE DIALECT DOES NOT . ❖ A STANDARD LANGUAGE CAN REPRESENT ALL DIALECT UNDER IT . ❖ STANDARD LANGUAGE IS NOT A FORMATION OF DIALECT BUT ALL DIALECTS ARE FORMATION OF A STANDARD LANGUAGE.
- 10. o Sociolinguistics: studies the relationship between language and society . o Speech community: group of people who share a set of norms and expectations regarding the use of language . o Social dialect: dialects in cities and towns mainly based upon class distinction (working, middle, upper) as a social variable and the pronunciation or word as the linguistic variable. 10 Language and Social Variation
- 11. o Education and occupatio n o Idiolect: personal dialect (see figure in 208 ) o Social marker: marks an individual as a member of a particular group (in English [h] dropping-lower class ) o Speech style: formal and informa l o Style shifting: change from one to another style (social marker and class difference) 11
- 12. o Prestige: overt (positively valued) and covert (hidden-lower class ) o Speech accommodation: modifying speech style toward or away from the style of the person we are talking to. 12
- 13. Is that dialect is a variety of a language (specifically, often a spoken variety) that is characteristic of a particular area, community or group, often with relatively minor differences in vocabulary, style, spelling and pronunciation, while variety is a term used for a specific form of a language, neutral to whether that form is a dialect, accent, register, etc and to its prestige level. 13 The Difference Between Dialect and Variety
- 14. Project Team ……………. ………….. …………. 14
- 15. Thank You 15