Standard Operating Practices (SOPs) and Standard Maintenance Practices (SMPs) , By B C Das
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1. The document provides operating rules for crane operators, outlining proper procedures for safely lifting and moving loads. 2. Key rules include centering the crane over the load before lifting, operating the crane smoothly, keeping lifting ropes vertical, ensuring the area is clear before lifting, and checking that loads are lifted high enough to clear obstructions. 3. Operators are instructed to test hoist brakes with near capacity loads, secure slings and hooks properly, avoid overloading the crane, and follow shutdown procedures by raising hooks, parking in designated locations, and turning all controls off before leaving the crane.
Standard Operating Practices (SOPs) and Standard Maintenance Practices (SMPs) , By B C Das
- 1. SOP & SMP Operating Rules for Crane Operators 1. The crane should be centered over the load before starting the hoist to avoid swinging of the load as lifting starts. Load should not be swung by cranes to reach areas not under or within reach of crane. 2. Crane should be operated smoothly to avoid jerk & abrupt movements of the load. Slack must be taken from the sling & hoisting ropes before the load is lifted. 3. The crane hoisting ropes should be kept vertical. Crane must not be used for side pulls. 4. The area should be clear and all persons in the area aware when load is lifted. This is to be ensured by a warning signal while lifting, lowering & while moving. Additional warning signal to be used in high traffic density area. 5. The load should be checked to be certain that it is lifted high enough to clear all obstructions and personnel when moving. 6. Loads must not be carried over people, especially loads carried by magnets. Load or part of loads, held magnetically may drop. Failure in power to magnets will result in dropping of the load unless back up power supply is furnished. 7. Lifts should not be attempted beyond the rated load capacity of the crane, sling ropes chains etc. 8. On all capacity or near capacity loads, the hoist brakes should be tested by returning the motor switch or push button to the OFF position after raising the load a few inches off the floor. If the hoist brakes do not hold the load should be set on the floor and the crane not further operated. The defect should be reported immediately to the supervisor. 9. Before moving a load, load slings, load chains or other load lifting devices must be fully seated on the saddle of the hook. 10. The block should never be lowered below the point where less than two full wraps of the rope remain on the drum. Should all the rope get unwrapped from the drum, it should be rewound in the drum groove in the correct direction and seated properly in the groove otherwise the rope may get damaged and the hoist limit switch will not operate to stop the hoist in the high position 11. At no time a load should be held suspended from the crane with the power "ON" unless the operator is at the operator's switch. Under this condition the load should be kept as close as possible to the floor to minimize the possibility of an injury if the load should drop. 12. When a hitcher is used, it is the joint responsibility of the crane operator and the hitcher to see that hitches are secure and that all loose materials has been removed from the load before starting a lift. 13. Sling hooks hanging loose should not be used to lift loads (if slings hooks are not needed, they should be properly stored). 14. All slings or ropes should be removed from the crane hooks when not in use (Dangling slings or hooks hung in sling rings can inadvertently snag other objects when moving the crane). 15. The crane should not be operated if limit switches are out of order or if ropes show defects or wear. 16. Crane operators should not use limit switches to stop the hoist under normal operating conditions.
- 2. (These are emergency device and should not be used as operating controls). 17. Limit switch should not be blocked adjusted or disconnected in order to go higher than what switch will allow. 18. Electrical limit switches or warning devices should never be by passed. 19. Upper limit switches and lower limit switches should be tested in stopping the hoist at the beginning of each shift or as frequently as may be directed. 20. Load limit switch or overload devices must not be used to measure loads being lifted. This is an emergency switching device and is not to be used as a production operating control. 21. A crane should never move or bump another crane that has a warning signal displayed. 22. Contact with runway stops or other cranes shall be made with extreme caution. The operator must take particular care for the safety of persons on or below the crane and only after making certain that persons on the other cranes are aware of what is being done. 23. If plugging protector is not provided, the controller must always be stopped momentarily in OFF position before reversing (A slight pause is necessary to give the braking mechanism time to operate). 24. In case of an emergency or swing inspection, repairing, cleaning or lubricating a warning sign or signal should be displayed and the main switch should be locked in OFF position. 25. An attempt should never be made to close a switch that has an OUT OF ORDER or DO NOT OPERATE card on it. It is necessary to make a careful check to determine that no one else is working on crane, before removing the card. 26. If the electrical power is disrupted, the controllers must be placed in OFF position and kept there until power is again available. 27. Before closing main or emergency switches, all controllers must be in OFF position before reversing except to avoid accidents (a slight pause is necessary to give the braking mechanism time to operate) 28. Before leaving the crane the operator should perform the following: a. Raise all hooks to an intermediate position. b. Spot the crane at an approved designated location c. Place all controls in OFF position. d. Open the main switch to the OFF position,. e. Make visual check before leaving the crane.