Starting Out With PHP

Starting Out With PHP
Mark Niebergall 
https://joind.in/talk/fa612

• PHP is a useless language to learn

• PHP is hated by all developers

• PHP is insecure, slow, and not modern

• PHP is bad

• Lets developers make mistakes

- $password = md5(‘password123’);

- eval($userInput);


- echo $$variable . $$$variable;

- if (‘true’ == false) {…}


- $sql = “DELETE FROM users WHERE id =
{$_GET[‘id’]}”;

- “INSERT INTO some_data VALUES (NULL,
‘{$_POST[‘name’]}’);


- ﬁle_get_contents($randomUrl);

- $GLOBALS[‘everything’] = $everything;


- $oneCase + $two_case + $ThreeCase_More

- if (empty($allTheThings)) {…}


- if ($a < $b) { 
if ($test == true) { 
if ($number < 100) { 
if (strpos($string, ‘abc’) != 0) { 
if ($nestMore == ‘Yes’) { 
echo ‘Nesting if statements is great!’; 
} 
} 
} 
} 
}


- Works on my box!

• PHP runs over 83% of the web

• PHP has an active community

• PHP is secure, fast, and constantly being updated

• PHP is good

About Mark Niebergall
• PHP since 2005

• Masters degree in MIS

• Senior Software Engineer

• Drug screening project

• UPHPU President

• CSSLP, SSCP Certiﬁed and SME

• Drones, ﬁshing, skiing, father of 5 boys

• What is PHP

• Basic Syntax

• Language Features

• PHP Ecosystem

What is PHP
<?php 
 
echo ‘Hello world!’; 
echo “Hello $name”;

What is PHP
<?php 
 
class HelloWorld 
{ 
public function sayHello($name) 
{ 
echo ‘Hello ‘ . $name; 
} 
} 
 
$helloWorld = new HelloWorld; 
$helloWorld->sayHello(‘OpenWest Attendees’);

What is PHP
• Personal Home Page

• Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994

• PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

What is PHP
• Programming language designed for the Internet

• Server-side scripting language

• General-purpose programming language

What is PHP
• Facebook

• Slack

• Tumblr

• Wikipedia

• News sites

• Blogs

What is PHP
• Open source

- Free to use

- Anyone can contribute

- Source is public

What is PHP
• Written in C

• Compiled at run-time

What is PHP
• Runs with web servers

- Apache

- Nginx

What is PHP
• Interacts with databases

- PostgreSQL

- MySQL

- MSSQL

- Mongo

- Many more

What is PHP
• APIs

• Server

• Mail

• Files

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
$variable = ‘something’; 
$isSomething = true; 
$someInput = $_GET[‘get_key’];

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
$someInput = $_GET[‘get_key’]; 
 
if ($isSomething) { 
echo $variable; 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
 
if ($isSomething === true || $someInput == ‘Yes’) { 
echo $variable; 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
$string = ‘Abc 123’; 
$integer = 123; 
$ﬂoat = 123.456; 
$bool = true; 
$null = null; 
$array = [123, 456]; 
$resource = fopen(‘SomeFile.txt’, ‘r’); 
$object = new SomeClass;

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
$oldArray = array(‘alligator’, ‘bear’, ‘camel’, ‘deer’); 
 
$data = [‘apple’, ‘banana’, ‘carrot’]; 
 
$withKeys = [‘test’ => 123, ‘other’ => 456]; 
 
foreach ($data as $food) { 
echo ‘Eat a ‘ . $food . PHP_EOL; 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
$whatAmI = ‘Drone’; 
 
switch ($whatAmI) { 
case ‘Airplane’: 
echo ‘Fly far away’; 
break; 
 
case ‘Drone’: 
case ‘Helicopter’: 
echo ‘Fly close by’; 
break; 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
$number = 0; 
 
while ($number < 7) { 
$number += 1; 
} 
 
return $number;

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
for ($i = 0; $i < 100; $i++) { 
… 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
 
function doSomething($variable, $isSomething) 
{ 
if ($isSomething) { 
return $variable; 
} 
return ‘Not something: ‘ . $something; 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
class Cat{}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
class Cat { 
protected $name; 
 
public function __construct($name) { 
$this->name = $name; 
} 
 
public function pet() { 
return ‘purr’; 
} 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
class Cat 
{ 
// Anything can use public 
public function pet() {…} 
 
// Cat class and anything inheriting can use protected 
protected function speak() {…} 
 
/* only Cat class can use private */ 
private function _ignoreHuman() {…} 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
abstract class Pet { 
protected $name; 
abstract public function feed(Food $food); 
} 
 
class Cat extend Pet { 
public function feed(Food $food) { 
return $this->stare($food); 
} 
protected function stare($thing) {} 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
namespace AnimalPet; 
 
use AnimalHuman; 
 
class Cat 
{ 
public function pet() {…} 
protected function speak() {…} 
private function _ignoreHuman(Human $human) {…} 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
include(‘Cat.php’); 
include_once(‘Dog.php’); 
 
require(‘/../Pet.php’); 
require_once(‘/../../Animal.php’);

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
class AutloadClass 
{ 
public function loadMethod($className) 
{ 
require_once(__DIR__ . ‘/../src/‘ . $className); 
} 
} 
 
spl_autoload_register([AutoloadClass::class, ‘loadMethod’]);

Basic Syntax
<?php 
class Db 
{ 
protected $connection; 
public function connect($db, $host, $port, $user, $pwd) 
{ 
$this->connection = new PDO( 
‘mysql:dbname=‘ . $db . ‘;host=‘ . $host . 
‘;port=‘ . $port’, 
$user, 
$pwd 
); 
} 
}

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
// use frameworks for database 
 
$query = $this->getDb()->select() 
->from([‘tn’ => ‘table_name’], [‘id’, ‘name’]) 
->join([‘ot’ => ‘other_table’], ‘ot.id = tn.other_id’,
[‘other_thing’]) 
->where(‘tn.some_date > ?’, $date) 
->where(‘ot.other_number = ?’, $number); 
 
$rows = $this->getDb()->fetchAll($query);

Basic Syntax
<?php 
 
$hashed = password_hash($password,
PASSWORD_DEFAULT); 
 
$isValid = password_verify($userEntered, $hashed);

Language Features
• Functional

• Object-oriented

Language Features
• Data types

• Type juggling

Language Features
• Method parameter type hinting

• Method return type

Language Features
• Class

• Abstract

• Interface

• Trait

Language Features
• Class

- Constants

- Properties

- Methods

- Magic methods

Language Features
• Class

- class Cat extends Pet implements HousePet { 
use MouseCatcherTrait; 
const FAMILY = ‘Feline’; 
protected $name; 
public function __construct($dependencies) {…} 
public static function independentAction() {…} 
protected function eatFood(Food $food) : Food {…} 
private function _controlHuman(Human $human) {…} 
}

Language Features
• Abstract

- Class can extend one abstract at a time

- Can have parent, grandparent, etc.

- Mixed functions ﬁlled in and others not

- abstract class Pet { 
abstract protected function eatFood(Food $food) :
Food {}; 
}

Language Features
• Interfaces

- Contract

- Class can implement many interfaces

- interface Port { 
public function connect(Connection $connection); 
}

Language Features
• Trait

- Common characteristics

- trait SomeCharacteristic { 
public function doSomething() {…} 
}

- class Thing { 
use SomeCharacteristic; 
}

Language Features
• Exceptions

- try { 
… 
throw new Exception(‘Error message’); 
… 
throw new CustomException(‘Failed’); 
} catch (Exception | CustomException $e) { 
echo $e->getMessage(); 
}

Language Features
• Magic methods

- Called automatically

- __construct when instantiated

- __set, __get

- __destruct, __call, __callStatic, __isset, __unset,
__sleep, __wakup, __toString, __invoke, __set_state,
__clone, __debugInfo

Language Features
• Namespaces

- namespace AnimalMammalFeline; 
use AnimalFish; 
 
class Cat 
{ 
public function eat(Fish $ﬁsh) {…} 
} 
… 
new AnimalMammalFelineCat;

Language Features
• Libsodium

- First programming language with modern security
library built-in

- Hash

- Encrypt

- Keys

- Random

PHP Ecosystem
• Frameworks

• Tools

• Community

• Career

PHP Ecosystem
• CMS Frameworks

- Wordpress

- Drupal

- Joomla

PHP Ecosystem
• Frameworks

- larvel

- Symfony

- CakePHP

- Zend

- Slim

PHP Ecosystem
• Frameworks

- Framework Interop Group (PHP-FIG)

‣ Coding standard recommendations

‣ Common interfaces

PHP Ecosystem
• Tools

- composer package manager

‣ packagist repositories

- PECL extension manager

PHP Ecosystem
• Tools

- PhpStorm

- Zend Studio

- Many other IDEs to choose from

- Any text editor

PHP Ecosystem
• Tools

- PHPUnit

- behat

- phpspec

- Faker

PHP Ecosystem
• Tools

- Xdebug

‣ Step-into debugging

‣ Stacktrace

‣ Performance

PHP Ecosystem
• Tools

- Guzzle

- Apigility

PHP Ecosystem
• Tools

- git

- Mercurial

- Others

PHP Ecosystem
• Community

- User groups

‣ https://www.meetup.com/Utah-PHP-User-Group/

- Conferences

- Magazine

PHP Ecosystem
• Community

- Slack channels

‣ utos.slack.com

‣ phpcommunity.slack.com

‣ phpchat.slack.com

‣ phpug.slack.com

PHP Ecosystem
• Community

- Open source

- Diversity

- Elephpants

PHP Ecosystem
• Community

- Welcoming

- Open to other technologies, languages

PHP Ecosystem
• Career

- Experience

- Education

PHP Ecosystem
• Career

- Lots of jobs

‣ Recruiters

‣ Job boards

‣ Contracts

‣ Who you know

PHP Ecosystem
• Career

- Good pay

‣ $40k-$60k starting

‣ $60k-$80k mid

‣ $80k+ advanced and lead

PHP Ecosystem
• Career

- Local

- Remote

Questions?
• https://joind.in/talk/fa612

Starting Out With PHP

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