Steam condensers - Part 1 (introduction and classification)
- 1. Steam condensers - Part 1 Presentation by: Avdhesh Tyagi Asst. Prof. Department of Mechanical Engineering G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology & Management, Greater Noida Disclaimer: The materials provided in this presentation and any comments or information provided by the presenter are for educational purposes only. Nothing conveyed or provided should be considered legal, accounting or tax advice.
- 2. Name of Subject: Applied Thermodynamics Subject Code: KME401 Department of Mechanical Engineering G. L. Bajaj Institute of Technology and Management, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh College code: 192 Affiliated to Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (Formerly UPTU Lucknow). Unit 3 Topic covered: Steam condensers – Introduction & Classification
- 3. Rankine cycle Following 4 are the basic components of a steam power plant working on Rankine cycle: 1. Feed Pump (For isentropic compression) 2. Boiler (For isobaric heat addition) 3. Steam Turbine (For isentropic expansion) 4. Steam condenser (For isobaric heat rejection)
- 4. P-V diagram of Rankine cycle Image courtesy: Applied Thermodynamics by R. K. Rajput, 2nd edition, Laxmi publications (P) Ltd.
- 5. Elements of Steam condensing plant • Condenser • Air extraction pump • Condensate extraction pump • Cooling water circulating pump • Hot well • Cooling tower • Make up water pump • Boiler feed pump
- 6. Steam condensing plant Image courtesy: Applied Thermodynamics by Onkar Singh, Third edition, New Age International (P) Limited Publishers
- 7. Steam condenser “A steam condenser is a device in which steam is condensed by cooling it at a constant pressure and this pressure is less than atmospheric pressure.” • Water is used as cooling agent. • An air extraction pump is used to create vacuum (or sub-atmospheric pressure) in steam condenser. • The output of a steam condenser is saturated water.
- 8. Functions of Steam condenser • To reduce the turbine exhaust pressure so as to increase the specific output and hence increase the plant efficiency and decrease the specific steam consumption. • To condense the exhaust steam from the turbine and reuse it as pure feed water in the boiler. Thus only make up water is required to compensate loss of water. • To improve heat transfer by removing the air and other non condensable gases from steam.
- 9. Classification of Steam condensers Generally, steam condensers are classified into following 2 categories: 1. Jet condenser or Mixing type condenser 2. Surface condenser or Non-mixing type condenser
- 10. Jet condenser In Jet Condensers or mixing type condensers, the exhaust steam and water come into direct contact with each other. The temperature of the condensate is the same as that of cooling water leaving the condenser.
- 11. Types of Jet condenser Jet Condensers are classified as given below: 1. Low Level Parallel Flow Jet Condenser 2. Low Level Counter Flow Jet Condenser 3. High Level Parallel Flow Jet Condenser 4. High Level Counter Flow Jet Condenser 5. Ejector Condenser
- 12. Surface condenser In surface condensers, the exhaust steam and water do not come into direct contact. • The steam passes over the outer surface of tubes through which a supply of cooling water is maintained. There may be single-pass or double- pass. • In single-pass condensers, the water flows in one direction only through all the tubes, while in two- pass condenser the water flows in one direction through the tubes and returns through the remainder.
- 13. Types of Surface condenser Surface condensers are classified as given below: 1. Down flow type 2. Central flow type 3. Inverted flow type 4. Regenerative type 5. Evaporative type
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